Sanjay Kalra Explained

Sanjay Kalra
Birth Date:18 April 1970
Birth Place:Ibadan, Nigeria
Occupation:Endocrinologist
Yearsactive:22
Known For:Endocrinology
Spouse:Bharti Kalra
Children:Arnav Kalra, Kriti Kalra
Parents:Hans Raj Kalra, Sudesh Kalra
Awards:DAWN Award

Sanjay Kalra (born 18 April 1970) is an Indian endocrinologist working at Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana. Kalra is a Past President of Endocrine Society of India,[1] South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies, and Indian Professional Association for Transgender Health. He has also served on the executive council of the Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India. He has over 1,000 PubMed.[2] "sanjaykalra - Search Results". PubMed. Retrieved 19th June, 2020. indexed articles to his name, and has fostered bilateral and multilateral links between various Afro Asian countries in the field of endocrinology. He has developed the terms Glucokathexis, Lipokathexis, Glucocrinology and Lipocrinology[3] Glycemic hygiene, Endocrine hygiene, Ergonomic Endocrinology, and the GlucoCoper tool[4] to assess coping mechanisms. Winner of the DAWN Award (2009).[5] He has also published the concepts of diabetes fatigue syndrome, euthymia in diabetes,[6] quaternary prevention in endocrinology,[7] and quinary prevention.[8]

Education

Kalra is a graduate of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. He completed his post-graduation (MD) in Medicine at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, and fellowship (DM) in Endocrinology and Metabolism at All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Professional Contribution

Kalra has established Bharti Hospital, Karnal, which provides clinical care, research, training, and education in endocrinology. As executive editor (2011-15), he worked to establish the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM)[9] as India's second-best scientific journal (Google Metrix). He also serves as an executive editor, Thyroid Research and Practice, and associate editor, Diabetic Medicine Editor, Diabetic Medicine (UK). He works as an international advisory member for various journals, including US Endocrinology, Sri Lankan Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (SLJDEM), Journal of Pakistan Medical Association8, and Journal of Diabetes Endocrinology Association of Nepal (JDEAN).

As a founder member and past President, Kalra has contributed to setting up and strengthening the South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies (SAFES).[10] This contribution has been acknowledged by neighboring countries, and he has been awarded Fellowship and Life Membership of Sri Lanka College of Endocrinologists (SLCE), as well as life membership of Pakistan Endocrine Society (PES).

Contribution to science and evidence base of Insulin therapy by Dr Sanjay Kalra

As of January 2024, Dr Sanjay Kalra has over 23,000 citations of his publications along with an H index of 68 and an i10-index of 439. His main focus has been Insulin therapy.

Basal

Dr Kalra has been abreast with the latest literature on insulin and has written several articles on their evolution and appropriate patient-centric use in different clinical settings.[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] In addition to highlighting the key advantages of each type of basal insulins, specific articles have been written to help with their use in special populations including but not limited to pediatric populations and pregnancy.[23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] His work has not only focused on initiation but also on tips to intensify basal insulin therapy with specific emphasis on optimizing the insulin techniques for basal insulin. [29] [30] [31] In addition to papers on type 2 diabetes, Dr Kalra has extensively written on the role of different insulins in type 1 diabetes as well. [32] [33] [34]

Premixed

Appropriate patient selection is one of key components of successful use of premixed insulin regime. Dr Kalra has been the lead author for spearheading this concept in a comprehensive review in collaboration with authors from over 25 countries.[35] He has also extensively published on the use of pre-mixed insulin during the fasting period of Ramadan and in another paper addressed the use of this formulation in special situations from initiation to intensification.[36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] He has also periodically published updates about the premixed insulins over the last decade including real-world evidence of newer co-formulations.[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50]

Motivation, Technique, Counseling

Dr Kalra has spearheaded several original studies focusing on understanding the prevailing insulin usage practices in the South Asian region.[51] [52] [53] [54] [55] Dr Kalra has been instrumental in leading several manuscripts that have focused on regional best practices and recommendations highlighting the advancements in Insulin delivery devices, injection technique teaching methods, monitoring, and complication management.[56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] He has been the lead author for the expert recommendations for using insulin in India published in 2017.[62]

Novel Concepts Concepts such as insulin hesitancy, insulin stewardship, patient-friendly intensification, insulin related emotions, social marketing, insulin flexibility, insulin misperceptions, insulin taxonomy, insulin objectivity, insulin triage, smarter insulin therapy, spearheaded by Dr Kalra are novel, important and presented in an easy to remember method.29,[63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] These concepts are not only helpful in boosting the confidence of the patients in taking insulin but also for the general practioners.[75]

Person-centered Approach

Person-centered clinical management is now considered the most sustainable and effective model for chronic diseases.[76] [77] Dr Kalra has worked extensively on this concept especially in relation to insulin use.[78] [79] [80] He has also identified the key barriers of insulin usage and described the bridges to overcome these barriers in especially in low- and middle-income countries.34,69,[81] [82] [83] [84] He has also been the lead author for many multinational panels and evidence based recommendations focusing on individualization of time in range goals,32,[85] [86] [87] [88] and on administration techniques including his paper published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings.[89] [90]

Contribution to Obesity Science by Dr Sanjay Kalra

Epidemiology of Obesity

Dr Kalra has been the lead senior author for several epidemiological studies in the field of obesity.[91] [92] In addition to using national datasets he has been one of the regional lead investigators for his state in the ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) funded –INDIAB Study. Several papers from this cohort have been published including the national prevalence of obesity published in Lancet last year and several other papers from this cohort.[93]
[94] In addition, he has also been involved in studying the prevalence of obesity related comorbidities including but not limited to steatotic liver disease.[95] In a recently published paper from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, he is the senior author of this largest series on the prevalence of childhood obesity from India.[96] From another large cohort of elderly people called the Longitudinal Aging Study of India, Dr Kalra has been the lead author to publish the first national statistics on the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in India.[97]

Simplified Clinical Approach

Concepts like Bariatric Triage, Gut Guardianship, medical gastronomy, obesity-friendly language are easy to grasp and clinically very helpful to implement in day to day practice.[98] [99] [100] [101] [102] He has also addressed the pathogenesis, comorbidities and complications of obesity in several of his review papers including a recent review paper on MASLD published in Endocrine Clinics of North America.[103] [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] Many other papers led by Dr Kalra are a ready reckoner for those who are naïve in the field of obesity management and require guidance on simple steps to set up obesity clinics and looking for easy to follow clinical protocols for evaluation and management of obesity.78,101, [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120]

Lifestyle and Drug Management

Dr Kalra has time and again published and emphasized on the importance of lifestyle management in the treatment of obesity. He has emphasized on the use of traditional activities for improving physical function of patients with obesity.116,[121] [122] [123] Nutrition has been one of key areas of education and research for Dr Kalra.[124] He has advocated the understanding of the concept of mega nutrients for usage of fiber and water as they are consumed in much larger quantities than macronutrients.[125] [126] [127] He has been the author on the national consensus of fiber intake in India.[128] Person-centered obesity care has been another strong focus of Dr Kalra's teachings and lectures.[129] The same is very relevant in the flied of obesity and several of his papers have time and again emphasized how one size does not fit all in obesity management and provided deep insights how to choose person centered care and anti-obesity management strategies.76[130] [131] [132] He has been abreast with the developments of the GLP-1 receptor agonists and periodically published comprehensive updates on these molecules as more evidence was generated over the last one decade.[133] [134] [135] [136] [137]

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity

In a recently published scoping review led by Dr Kalra as a senior author, the current literature about the impact of sarcopenic obesity on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease has been summarized. Furthermore, evidence-based therapeutic and preventive strategies for the same have been proposed in this manuscript.[138] He has also published extensively to facilitate diagnosis of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in resource constrained settings and has spearheaded the write-up for a South Asian consensus on the same.[139] [140]

Advocacy and Guidelines

Dr Kalra has been the lead author and senior author for several guidelines in the field of Obesity and Nutrition Health.103,104,140[141] [142] [143] [144] [145] He has been the lead author for several papers that have highlighted the need and action plan for advocacy needed for curbing the obesity pandemic in the country including the problem of gender disparity for this disease.138[146] [147] [148] He has also extensively advocated on methods to curb and prevent the obesity pandemic.[149] Not only confined to the Indian Subcontinent but several advocacy related papers representing the challenges, concerns and need for larger collaboration between different countries have been published.143 [150] He is also a coauthor on the medical management of patients before and after undergoing bariatric surgery.[151]

Innovation and Novel Ideas Possibly as a Reality of the Future

Dr Kalra coined the term Barocrinology as a science dedicated to the field of obesity.116 [152] [153] He has ever since published several concepts pertaining to Baro-health and also is a lead section editor of the Barocrinology section of one of the leading PubMed indexed South Asian journal. Concepts like Barocene Era, Barometric nervosa, Bariatric pyramid, Baromania, Baro-Bullying, Lipokathesis, Ominous Octet of obesity, Obesity as a communicable disease are not described in literature but help to understand complex obesity science related concepts in a simple and easy manner.114 [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] Furthermore, Dr Kalra has also drafted several easy to follow models to help implement intensive behavioral therapy in clinical management of obesity.[161] [162] He has drawn analogies of obesity management with quantum physics, traditional customs and religious diversity. All of these have been well appreciated and extensively cited.[163] [164] [165]

Research and Publications Highlighting the Concept of Person-centered Care in the Management of Chronic Metabolic Disorders

Dr Kalra has emphasized the importance of person-centered care for over a decade through his reviews, research, and communications in various national and international journals. One of his earlier citations on this topic goes back to a paper he had spearheaded in 2013, where he described the role of a person-centered approach during insulin initiation and intensification, which indeed is one of the most challenging aspects during the clinical management of diabetes.79 Though a large body of his work has been focused on diabetes77,79,[166] he has applied concepts of this approach even in patients with other chronic metabolic disorders like obesity and other common endocrine disorders including hypogonadism and hypothyroidism.78 [167] [168]

Dr Kalra has written about both menopause distress and late-onset male hypogonadism, not only simplifying their complex definitions but also in detail describing the person-centric thresholds, targets, tools, and techniques (management).167,168 He is also the lead author of a paper called Thyroid Tantrums in Teenagers, which reflects on many variations that can happen at this age, reflecting the underlying management, assessment, testing technique, associated biomedical illness, and training.[169] Moreover, his work in this field encompasses across all age groups. In a recently published article, he published geriatric goalposts on independence and interdependence, clearly highlighting the importance of person-centric care in the elderly.[170]

The key principles for person-centered care highlighted in Dr Kalra's papers include maintaining very good communication with the patient.65,102[171] Other core principles for patient-centered care are ensuring that the cost of therapy fits the patient's pocket and that the management plan can be followed easily.[172] [173] A special emphasis on the happiness of not only the patient,[174] [175] but also the treating physician has been given.[176] Strengthening family support, social acceptance, and caring for the patient's emotions are other important components highlighted by Dr Kalra that provide good patient-centered care.69, [177] [178] Furthermore, the utility of indigenous methods for lifestyle change and personal hygiene has also been mentioned as a successful method for improving patient-centered care.123,166,[179]

Dr Kalra has also proposed several frameworks that make it easy for the treating clinician to incorporate the above-mentioned principles in practicing person-centered patient care.129,161,162, [180] [181] These frameworks have attracted several citations in the literature. In collaboration with researchers in Morocco, he has published the SURE framework delineating the glycemic personality of a given patient and thereby assisting in a person-centered choice in diabetes care.181 In another paper on the Motivation-Opportunity-Capability (MOC) model for the management of obesity, he highlighted the importance of understanding the behavior of a patient with obesity and suggested therapeutic strategies that are more likely to be effective in a person-centric manner by focusing on the opportunities and capability of the given patient.

Contributing further through original research on this subject, Dr Kalra has been part of multicentric international collaborative research that has contributed to a deeper understanding of patient-centric management.[182] [183] [184] In a 3-year pan India real-world longitudinal study on diabetes outcomes (LANDMARC trial), data is being collected on the trends in complications associated with diabetes, treatment strategies used by physicians, and correlation among treatment, control, and complications of diabetes within the Indian context. The findings of this study will help to identify the disease burden, emergence of early-onset complications and dose titration patterns, and eventually, develop person-centered care and facilitate public health agencies to invest appropriate resources in the management of diabetes.182

Another large, multicentric international collaborative study called the DAWN (Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs) project highlighted how cross-national benchmarking using psychometrically validated indicators can help identify areas for improvement and best practices to drive changes that improve outcomes for people with diabetes.183,184

Notes and References

  1. "President Message". Endocrine Society of India. 7th March, 2016. Retrieved 19th June, 2020.
  2. "sanjaykalra - Search Results". PubMed. Retrieved 19th June, 2020.
  3. Kalra S, Priya G. Lipocrinology - the relationship between lipids and endocrine function. Drugs Context. 2018;7:212514.
  4. Kalra S, Balhara YPS, Verma K, Kalra B. The GlucoCoper - a tool for the assessment of coping mechanisms. Eur Endocrinol. 2018 Apr;14(1):52-5.
  5. Dr. Sanjay Kalra  - ISBMR. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  6. Kalra S, Balhara YPS, Bathla M. Euthymia in diabetes. Eur Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):18-9.
  7. Kalra S, Gupta Y, Kalra B. Quaternary prevention and gestational diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(1):1-3.
  8. "JPMA - Journal of Pakistan Medical Association". www.jpma.org.pk. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  9. "Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: About us". www.ijem.in. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  10. Kalra S, Sahay RK, Bajaj S. South Asian Federation of Endocrine Societies: a beginning well begun. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(6):955-6.
  11. Kalra S, Abodo J, Sobngwi E, Sani Ma M, Villaroel D, Kapoor N, et al. A hundred years on: The role of human insulin. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(12):2563-4.
  12. Kalra S. Insulin degludec: a significant advancement in ultralong-acting Basal insulin. Diabetes Ther. 2013;4(2):167-73.
  13. Kalra S. Basal insulin analogues in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: what progress have we made? Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(Suppl 1):S71-3.
  14. Kalra S. Newer basal insulin analogues: degludec, detemir, glargine. J Pak Med Assoc.2013;63(11):1442-4.
  15. Kalra S. Comment on "Treatment persistence after initiating basal insulin in type 2 diabetes patients: a primary care database analysis": By Pscherer S et al. published in Prim. Care Diabetes 2015;9(5):377-84. Prim Care Diabetes. 2016;10(4):309-10.
  16. Kalra S, Baruah MP, Niazi AK. Degludec: a novel basal insulin. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov.2012;6(1):18-23.
  17. Home P, Blonde L, Kalra S, Ji L, Guyot P, Brulle-Wohlhueter C, et al. Insulin glargine/lixisenatide fixed-ratio combination (iGlarLixi) compared with premix or addition of meal-time insulin to basal insulin in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(11):2179-88.
  18. Kalra S. High concentration insulin. Indian J Endocrinol Metab.2018;22(1):160-3.
  19. Kalra S. Auxiliendo, primum non nocere: a preliminary view of the DEVOTE Trial comparing cardiovascular safety of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2017;8(2):213-7.
  20. Ramachandran A, Gupta V, Kesavadev J, Kalra S. Understanding the safety of the new ultra long acting basal insulin. J Assoc Physicians India. 2014;62(1 Suppl):35-42.
  21. Kalra S. Insulin degludecaspart: the first co-formulation of insulin analogues. Diabetes Ther. 2014;5(1):65-72.
  22. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Clinical use of insulin degludec: practical experience and pragmatic suggestions. N Am J Med Sci. 2015;7(3):81-5.
  23. Ghosh S, KalraS,Bantwal G, Sahay RK. Use of second-generation basal insulin Gla-300 in special populations: a narrative mini-review. Curr Diabetes Rev.2023;19(9):e090123212447.
  24. Dhingra M, Priya G, Dhingra A, Kalra S. Subcutaneous insulin administration in infants and toddlers. J Pak Med Assoc.2018;68(12):1840-2.
  25. Kalra S, Hirsch LJ, Frid A, Deeb A, Strauss KW. Pediatric insulin injection technique: a multi-country survey and clinical practice implications. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(6):2291-2302.
  26. Kalra S, Unnikrishnan AG, Sahay R. Pediatric diabetes: Potential for insulin degludec. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18(Suppl 1):S6-8.
  27. Kalra S, Deeb AA, Dhingra M, Strauss K. Paediatric insulin injection technique: the softer side. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(8):1270-2.
  28. Kalra S, Jawad F. Insulin therapy in pregnancy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(9 Suppl 1): S48-51.
  29. Kalra S. Patient friendly intensification of basal insulin. Ann Transl Med.2018;6(Suppl 1):S72.
  30. Priya G, Kalra S, Bahendeka S, Jawad F, Aye TT, Shahjada S, et al. Initiation of basal bolus insulin therapy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(8):1462-7.
  31. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Basal insulin inadequacy versus failure - Using appropriate terminology. Eur Endocrinol.2015;11(2):79-80.
  32. Kalra S, Bajaj S, Sharma SK, Priya G, Baruah MP, Sanyal D, et al. A practitioner's toolkit for insulin motivation in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence-based recommendations from an International Expert Panel. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(3):585-606
  33. 33. Priya G, Kalra S. A review of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: is there a place for adjunctive metformin? Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(1):349-61
  34. 34. Arora S, Agrawal NK, Shanthaiah DM, Verma A, Singh S, Patne SCU, et al. Early detection of cutaneous complications of insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prim Care Diabetes. 2021;15(5):859-64
  35. 35. Kalra S, Czupryniak L, Kilov G, Lamptey R, Kumar A, Unnikrishnan AG, et al. Expert Opinion: Patient selection for premixed insulin formulations in diabetes care. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(6):2185-99.
  36. 36. Kalra S, Jawad F, Latif ZA, Pathan MF. Risk stratification of persons on premixed insulin in Ramadan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(11):1771-4.
  37. 37. El Naggar N, Kalra S. Switching from biphasic human insulin to premix insulin analogs: a review of the evidence regarding quality of life and adherence to medication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Ther. 2017;33(12):2091-109.
  38. 38. Mohan V, Kalra S, Kesavadev J, Singh AK, Kumar A, Unnikrishnan AG, et al. Consensus on initiation and intensification of premix insulin in type 2 diabetes management. J Assoc Physicians India. 2017;65(4):59-73.
  39. Shaikh S, Latheef A, Razi SM, Khan SA, Sahay R, Kalra S. Diabetes Management During Ramadan. 2022 May 18. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, Dungan K, Hofland J, Kalra S, Kaltsas G, Kapoor N, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, Kovacs CS, Kuohung W, Laferrère B, Levy M, McGee EA, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Sahay R, Shah AS, Singer F, Sperling MA, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP, editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–.
  40. Kalra S. Insulin degludec and insulin degludec/insulin aspart in Ramadan: a single center experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab.2016;20(4):564-7.
  41. Pathan MF, Sahay RK, Zargar AH, Raza SA, Khan AK, Ganie MA, et al. South Asian Consensus Guideline: Use of insulin in diabetes during Ramadan. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(4):499-502.
  42. Kalra S, Jawad F. Insulin in Ramadan. J Pak Med Assoc.2015;65(5 Suppl 1):S44-6.
  43. Pathan F, Latif ZA, Sahay RK, Zargar AH, Raza SA, Khan AK, et al. Update to South Asian consensus guideline: Use of newer insulins in diabetes during Ramadan Revised Guidelines on the use of insulin in Ramadan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(6):777-8.
  44. Kalra S. Recent advances in premixed insulin. J Pak Med Assoc.2014;64(2):220-3.
  45. Kalra S, Atkin S, Cervera A, Das AK, Demir O, Demir T, et al. Correction to: Multinational consensus: insulin initiation with insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp). Adv Ther. 2018;35(7):937-8.
  46. Kalra S, Atkin S, Cervera A, Das AK, Demir O, Demir T, et al. Multinational Consensus: Insulin Initiation with Insulin Degludec/Aspart (IDegAsp). Adv Ther. 2018;35(7):928-936.
  47. Kalra S, Baruah, MP, Insulin degludecaspart: one-year real world experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab.2016;20(3):369-71.
  48. Das AK, Kalra S, Akhtar S, Shetty R, Kumar A. Clinical experience of switching from biphasic human insulin to biphasic insulin aspart 30 in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes in the A1chieve study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(1):110-5.
  49. Kalra S, Garg L, Suri S, Aggarwal S. Clinical experience with insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the Haryana cohort of the A1chieve study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(Suppl 2):S538-41.
  50. Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Baruah M. The other insulin story of 1921. Indian J Endocrinol Metab.2011;15(3):147-8.
  51. 51. Baruah MP, Bhuyan SB, Kalra S, Tiwaskar MH. Diabetes in India's North East Study: Prevailing insulin usage and insulin injection practices amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Assoc Physicians India. 2023;71(8):11-2.
  52. 52. Sharma SK, Kant R, Kalra S, Bishnoi R. Prevalence of primary non-adherence with insulin and barriers to insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - an exploratory study in a tertiary care teaching public hospital. Eur Endocrinol. 2020;16(2):143-7.
  53. 53. Mohan V, Ahn KJ, Cho YM, Sahay RK, Huang CN, Kalra S, et al. Lilly Insulin Glargine Versus Lantus in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: India and East Asia Subpopulation Analyses of the ELEMENT 5 Study. Clin Drug Investig. 2019;39(8):745-56.
  54. 54. Kalra S, Thai HQ, Deerochanawong C, Su-Yen G, Mohamed M, Latt TS, et al. Choice of Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Southeast Asian Perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(3):478-81.
  55. 55. Baruah MP, Kalra S, Bose S, Deka J. An audit of insulin usage and insulin injection practices in a large Indian cohort. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(3):443-52.
  56. 56. Kalra S, Pathan F, Kshanti IAM, Bay NQ, Nagase T, Oliveria T, et al. Optimising insulin injection techniques to improve diabetes outcomes. Diabetes Ther. 2023;14(11):1785-99.
  57. 57. Mbanya JC, Lamptey R, Uloko AE, Ankotche A, Moleele G, Mohamed GA, et al. African cuisine-centered insulin therapy: expert opinion on the management of hyperglycaemia in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(1):37-54.
  58. 58. Kalra S, Balhara YP, Baruah MP, Chadha M, Chandalia HB, Chowdhury S, et al. Forum for injection techniques, India: the first Indian recommendations for best practice in insulin injection technique. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(6):876-85.
  59. 59. Kalra S, Chandalia HB, Chawla M, Munshi N, Poojary A, Varaiya A, et al. Forum for Injection Technique 2.0 Addendum 1: Insulin use in indoor settings. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(6):863-5.
  60. 60. Tandon N, Kalra S, Balhara YP, Baruah MP, Chadha M, Chandalia HB, et al. Forum for Injection Technique (FIT), India: The Indian recommendations 2.0, for best practice in Insulin Injection Technique, 2015. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(3):317-31.
  61. 61. Kalra S, Moses CR, Seshiah V, Sahay BK, Kumar A, Asirvatham AJ, et al. Physicians' perceptions of a national consensus guideline on insulin therapy: Data from the IMPACT study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(Suppl 2):S426-7.
  62. 62. Tandon N, Kalra S, Balhara YPS, Baruah MP, Chadha M, Chandalia HB, et al. Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India: The Indian Recommendations for Best Practice in Insulin Injection Technique, 2017. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(4):600-17.
  63. 63. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Insulin initiation: the triage system. J Pak Med Assoc.2014;64(12): 1428-30.
  64. 64. Kalra S, Joshi A, Parmar G. Insulin therapy: going the "smarter" way. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov.2014;8(2):79-84.
  65. 65. Kalra S, Kalra B, Bhattacharya S. Insulin hesitancy: a language-based model. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(1):193-4.
  66. 66. Kalra S, Sahay R, Tiwaskar M. Need for Insulin Stewardship Programmes. J Assoc Physicians India. 2018;66(7):83-4.
  67. 67. Lathia T, Punyani H, Kalra S. Insulin stewardship for inpatient hyperglycaemia. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(1(B)):379-82.
  68. 68. Kalra S, Verma K. Handling insulin-related emotions. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(4):1415-9.
  69. 69. Kalra S, Arora V, Verma M, Aggarwal S. Social insulin resistance: the forgotten frontier. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(10):1860-1.
  70. 70. Kalra S, Gupta Y, Unnikrishnan AG. Flexibility in insulin prescription. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(3):408-11.
  71. 71. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Addressing Insulin Misperceptions (AIM) - Part 2. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(2):229-31.
  72. 72. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Addressing Insulin Misperceptions (AIM) - Part 1. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(1):115-7.
  73. 73. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Number-based approach to insulin taxonomy. Diabetes Ther. 2015;6(4):469-79.
  74. 74. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Insulin initiation: bringing objectivity to choice. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015;14:17.
  75. 75. Kalra S, Deb P, Gangopadhyay KK, Gupta S, Ahluwalia A. Capacity and confidence building for general practitioners on optimum insulin use. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(10):3096-107.
  76. Kalra S, Baruah M, Agrawal N. Human centered diabetes care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(11):2335-6.
  77. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kota S, Das S. Person-centred obesity care - Techniques, thresholds, tools and targets. Eur Endocrinol. 2020;16(1):11-3.
  78. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kota S, Das S. Person-centred obesity care - Techniques, thresholds, tools and targets. Eur Endocrinol. 2020;16(1):11-3.
  79. Kalra S. A person-centred approach to insulin initiation and intensification. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111(11):743-5, 750.
  80. Kalra S, Gupta Y. A patient centred approach to basal insulin choice for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(3):360-1.
  81. Zargar AH, Kalra S, K MP, Murthy S, Negalur V, RajputR,et al. Rising cost of insulin: A deterrent to compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr.2022;16(8):102528.
  82. Kalra S. Patient barriers to insulin: the InfoCRIne order. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(3):494-6.
  83. Kalra S, Ghosal S, Shah P. Consensus on bridges for barriers to insulin therapy. J Assoc Physicians India. 2017;65(3 Suppl):23-30.
  84. Kalra S, Ghosal S. Barriers and bridges to insulin therapy: bio psychosocial classification. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(2):320-1.
  85. Podgorski G, AbuHelaiqa WI, Tan R, Latheef A, Govender S, Assaad-Khalil SH, et al. Individualizing time-in-range goals in management of diabetes mellitus and role of insulin: clinical insights from a multinational panel. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(2):465-85.
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  87. Bahendeka S, Kaushik R, Swai AB, Otieno F, Bajaj S, Kalra S, et al. EADSG Guidelines: Insulin storage and optimisation of injection technique in diabetes Management. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(2):341-66.
  88. Silver B, Ramaiya K, Andrew SB, Fredrick O, Bajaj S, Kalra S, et al. EADSG Guidelines: Insulin therapy in diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(2):449-92.
  89. Kalra S, Aggarwal S. Person-friendly insulin delivery devices. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Mar;71(3):1041-2.
  90. Frid AH, Kreugel G, Grassi G, Halimi S, Hicks D, Hirsch LJ, et al. New insulin delivery recommendations. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(9):1231-55.
  91. 91. Verma M, Esht V, Alshehri MM, Aljahni M, Chauhan K, Morsy WE, et al. Factors contributing to the change in overweight/obesity prevalence among Indian adults: a multivariate decomposition analysis of data from the National Family Health Surveys. Adv Ther. 2023;40(12):5222-42.
  92. 92. Verma M, Das M, Sharma P, Kapoor N, Kalra S. Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in Indian adults - A secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Surveys. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(4):102166.
  93. 93. Anjana RM, Srinivasan S, Sudha V, Joshi SR, Saboo B, Tandon N, et al; ICMR-INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Macronutrient recommendations for remission and prevention of diabetes in Asian indians based on a data-driven optimization model: the ICMR-INDIAB National Study. Diabetes Care. 2022 Aug 18:dc220627.
  94. 94. Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Tandon N, Das AK, et al; ICMR-INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(7):474-89.
  95. 95. Kalra S, Vithalani M, Gulati G, Kulkarni CM, Kadam Y, Pallivathukkal J, et al. Study of prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes patients in India (SPRINT). J Assoc Physicians India. 2013;61(7):448-53.
  96. 96. Verma M, Aditi A, Kapoor N, Sharma P, Kakkar M, Kakkar R, et al. Childhood obesity and essential micronutrients: insights from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-18). Diabetes Ther. 2023;14(8):1267-83.
  97. 97. Verma M, Kapoor N, Chaudhary A, Sharma P, Ghosh N, Sidana S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: secondary data analysis of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 Survey (2017-18). Adv Ther. 2022;39(9):4094-113.
  98. Kalra S, Rawalg P, Agrawal N, Kapoor N. Gut Guardianship. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(2):400-1.
  99. Kalra S, Dhingra A, Kapoor N. Medical gastronomy and glucofriendlygastronomy: tools for chronic disease and diabetes care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(11):2288-90.
  100. Kalra S, Jacob J, Kapoor N. Bariatric triage: weight loss as a tool for therapeutic decision making. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(6):1338-9.
  101. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Obesity-friendly health care services - A pragmatic approach. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(11):2676-7.
  102. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Deshpande N. Obesity-friendly language. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(6):1237-8.
  103. Bansal M, Sarat Chandra K, Nair T, Iyengar SS, Gupta R, Manchanda SC, et al. Consensus statement on the management of dyslipidemia in Indian subjects: Our perspective. Indian Heart J. 2016;68(2):238-41.
  104. Chandra KS, Bansal M, Nair T, Iyengar SS, Gupta R, Manchanda SC, et al. Consensus statement on management of dyslipidemia in Indian subjects. Indian Heart J. 2014;66 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S1-51.
  105. Kalra S, Raizada N. Dyslipidemia in diabetes. Indian Heart J. 2023.
  106. Kapoor N, Kalra S. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and diabetes: a double whammy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2023;52(3):469-84.
  107. Suka Aryana IGP, Paulus IB, Kalra S, Daniella D, Kuswardhani RAT, Suastika K, et al. The important role of intermuscular adipose tissue on metabolic changes interconnecting obesity, ageing and exercise: a systematic review. touchREVEndocrinol. 2023;19(1):54-9.
  108. Kalra S, Vaidya R, Verma M, Joshi A. Primary care screening tool for polycystic ovary syndrome: step one in the battle against non-communicable disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2023;27(2):105-6.
  109. Kalra S, Jacob J, Arora S, Kapoor N. The etiopathogenesis and management of obesity: the quintessential quincunx. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(5):1134-6.
  110. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. The insulin: glucagon ratio and obesity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(3):709-10.
  111. Thomas V, Rallapalli S, Kapoor N, Kalra S. Weight gain and thyroid in women: the coexisting confounders. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(9):1871-3.
  112. Kapoor N, Kalra S, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, et al; CArdiometabolic Panel of International experts on Syndemic COvid-19 (CAPISCO). The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(10):1723-36.
  113. Kapoor N, Jasper S, Kalra S. Ocular manifestations of Obesity: Beyond what meets the eye. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(3):574-5.
  114. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. The Ominous Octet of Obesity: A framework for obesity pathophysiology. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(10):2475-6.
  115. Kapoor N, Arora S, Kalra S. Setting Up An Obesity Clinic - The SMART Approach. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(9):1916-8.
  116. Kalra S, Das S, Kota S, Anne B, Kumar A, Punyani H, et al. Barophenotypic characterization - the key to person centric management of obesity. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2021;25(4):295-8.
  117. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Screening for syndromic causes of obesity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(10):2119-20.
  118. Kalra S, Jacob J, Kapoor N. Strategies for appetite suppression: A key player in the management of diabetes and obesity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(8):1665-6.
  119. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Difficult to defeat obesity: An 8D approach. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(9):2283-4.
  120. Kapoor N, Kalra S, Kota S, Das S, Jiwanmall S, Sahay R. The SECURE model: A comprehensive approach for obesity management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(8):1468-1469s.
  121. Kalra S, Mandlekar A, Kapoor N. Exercise therapy for the exercise naïve: the first step in obesity management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(12):2828-30.
  122. Kalra S, Verma M, Kapoor N. Exercise and physical activity diversity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(10):2116-7.
  123. Kalra S, Punyani H, Kapoor N. Indigenous ways of encouraging physical activity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(10):2115-6.
  124. Kalra S, Kapoor L, Kapoor N. The 3x3x3 diet for the management of diabetes and obesity in resource constrained settings. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022 ;72(4):773-5.
  125. Gupta L, Khandelwal D, Kalra S. Increasing fibre in South Asian diets. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(7):1135-6.
  126. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Fibre and Water, The mega nutrients of metabolic health. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(5):707-8.
  127. Kalra S, Kalra S, Agrawal N, Kapoor N. Water and diabetes: prevention and cure. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(2):426-7.
  128. Saboo B, Misra A, Kalra S, Mohan V, Aravind SR, Joshi S, et al; Diabetes India 'Decode Fiber' Expert Consensus Group. Role and importance of high fiber in diabetes management in India. Diabetes MetabSyndr. 2022;16(5):102480.
  129. Kalra B, Choubey N, Kapoor N, Kalra S. Culinary counselling in chronic care: the Pentad of Cs& Ps. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(2):428-9.
  130. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Refractory and resistant obesity: dynamic concepts, contemporary definitions. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(1):195-8.
  131. Jaleel R, Kapoor N, Kalra S. Endoscopic intragastric balloon: A novel therapy for weight loss. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(7):1444-6.
  132. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. How to reset metabolic setpoint in obesity management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(2):375-6.
  133. Kalra S, Jawad F. Twincretins: Emerging therapies for diabetes and obesity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(1):2-3.
  134. Kalra S, Bhattacharya S, Kapoor N. Contemporary classification of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs). Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(8):2133-47.
  135. Kalra S, Bhattacharya S, Kapoor N. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i): making a pragmatic choice in diabetes management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(5):989-90.
  136. Kalra S, Gupta Y. Endocrine and metabolic effects of glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA). J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(3):357-9.
  137. Kalra S, Kapoor N. Oral semaglutide: dosage in special situations. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(6):1133-7.
  138. Binu AJ, Kapoor N, Bhattacharya S, Kishor K, Kalra S. Sarcopenic obesity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: an underrecognized clinical entity. Heart Int. 2023;17(2):6-11
  139. Kalra S, Agrawal N, Kapoor N. Sarcopenic obesity: anthropometric diagnosis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(11):2337-8.
  140. Dhar M, Kapoor N, Suastika K, Khamseh ME, Selim S, Kumar V, et al. South Asian Working Action Group on SARCOpenia (SWAG-SARCO) - A consensus document.OsteoporosSarcopenia. 2022;8(2):35-57
  141. S V M, Nitin K, Sambit D, Nishant R, Sanjay K; Endocrine Society of India. ESI Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Obesity in India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;26(4):295-318.
  142. Kalra S, Singla R, Rosha R, Dhawan M. Ketogenic diet: situational analysis of current nutrition guidelines. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(12):1836-9.
  143. Kapoor N, Sahay R, Kalra S, Bajaj S, Dasgupta A, Shrestha D, et al. Consensus on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabesity (CoMeND) in Adults: A South Asian Perspective. Diabetes MetabSyndrObes. 2021;14:1703-28.
  144. Singh AK, Unnikrishnan AG, Zargar AH, Kumar A, Das AK, Saboo B, et al. Evidence-based consensus on positioning of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indians. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(2):393-428.
  145. Aravind S, Saboo B, Sadikot S, Shah SN, Makkar B, Kalra S, et al. Consensus statement on management of post-prandial hyperglycemia in clinical practice in India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2015;63(8):45-58.
  146. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Verma M, Shaikh S, Das S, Jacob J, et al. Defining and diagnosing obesity in India: a call for advocacy and action. J Obes. 2023;2023:4178121.
  147. Kalra S, Verma M, Sahay R. The 5A model for non-communicable disease advocacy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(5):1132-3.
  148. Kapoor N, Arora S, Kalra S. Gender Disparities in people living with obesity - an unchartered territory. J Midlife Health. 2021;12(2):103-7.
  149. Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Garg MK. Preventing obesity in India: weighing the options. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(1):4-6
  150. Bhattacharya S, Kalra S. South Asian Endocrinology: Challenges and Concerns, Collaboration and Consolidation. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2023;27(5):373-6.
  151. Bhattacharya S, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Singla R, Dutta D, Aggarwal S, et al. Expert opinion on the preoperative medical optimization of adults with diabetes undergoing metabolic surgery. World J Diabetes. 2021;12(10):1587-621
  152. Kalra S, Priya G, Kapoor N.Barocrinology. J Pak Med Assoc.2021;7 (1(a)):170-1.
  153. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Bhattacharya S, Aydin H, Coetzee A. Barocrinology: The Endocrinology of Obesity from Bench to Bedside. Med Sci (Basel). 2020;8(4):51.
  154. Kalra S, Verma M, Kapoor N. The Barocene Era. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(2):402-3.
  155. Kalra S, Kapoor N, Arora S. Barometric nervosa. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(8):1742-3.
  156. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N, Baruah MP, Arora S, Das AK. The Bariatric Pyramid: A framework for therapeutic targets. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(7):1546-7.
  157. Kalra S, Bathla M, Kapoor N. Baromania: a contrarian epidemic. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(12):2567-8.
  158. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Baro-Bullying: an ignored comorbidity of living with obesity. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(9):1876-7.
  159. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. Lipokathexis: a fat paradox. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(5):991-2.
  160. Kapoor N, Kota S, Kalra S. Obesity a communicable disease - A new age paradigm. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(8):2100-2.
  161. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. The motivation-opportunity-capability model of behavioural therapy - the vital component of effective patient centric obesity management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(7):1900-1.
  162. Kalra S, Chawla K, Kapoor N. Motivation and obesity care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(1):182-4.
  163. Kalra S, Arora S, Kapoor N. From Newtonian concepts to a quantum understanding: the evolution of endocrinology and metabolism. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(9):1912-3.
  164. Kalra B, Joshi A, Kalra S, Shanbhag VG, Kunwar J, Singh Balhara YP, et al. Coping with Illness: Insight from the Bhagavad Gita. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(4):560-4.
  165. Kalra S, Joshi A, Kalra B, Shanbhag VG, Bhattacharya R, Verma K, et al. Bhagavad Gita for the Physician. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017;21(6):893-7.
  166. Sharma HB, Madan S, Kalra S. Physical fitness and diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc 2023;73(4):932-4.
  167. Kalra B, Kalra S, Bhattacharya S, Dhingra A. Menopause distress: a person centered definition. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(12(B)):2481-3.
  168. Kalra S, Kalhan A, Dhingra A, Kapoor N. Management of late-onset hypogonadism: person-centred thresholds, targets, techniques and tools. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(1):79-84.
  169. Sahay R, Kalra S. Thyroid tantrums in teenagers. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(11):2672-3.
  170. Dhar M, Pathania M, Khandelwal D, Kalra S. Geriatric goalposts: of independence and interdependence. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(8):1740-1.
  171. Kalra S, Selvan C, Rathore SK. Communicative compathy and chronic care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(1):178-9.
  172. Kalra S, Aamir AH, Raza A, Das AK, Azad Khan AK, Shrestha D, et al. Place of sulfonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a consensus statement. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;19(5):577-96.
  173. Kalra S, Kalra B, Sahay R. Indications for formula medical nutrition therapy in diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(6):908-10.
  174. Kalra S, Joshi S, Das S. Culinary happiness. J Pak Med Assoc 2021;71(7):1902-3.
  175. Kalra S, Punyani H, Dhawan M. Creating happiness in the diabetes care clinic. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(6):1099-100.
  176. Kalra S, Verma SK, Kapoor N. Healer's high. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(10):2114-5
  177. Kalra S, Saboo B, Cho NH, Sadikot S, Hasnani D, Chandarana H, et al. Strengthening the family - the 'Five-I' approach. Eur Endocrinol. 2019;15(1):15-6.
  178. Kalra S, Verma S, Kapoor N. Emotional fluidity in chronic care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(12):2493-4.
  179. Kalra S, Verma M, Arora V. Glycaemic hygiene. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(12):2823-5.
  180. Kalra S, Baruah MP, Sahay R. Salutogenesis in type 2 diabetes care: a biopsychosocial perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;22(1):169-72.
  181. Kalra S, Iraqi H, Sahay R, Bhattacharya S. The glycaemic personality: a SURE framework of person-centred choice in diabetes care. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;70(7):1285-6.
  182. Das AK, Mithal A, Kumar KMP, Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Thacker H, et al. Rationale, study design and methodology of the LANDMARC trial: a 3-year, pan-India, prospective, longitudinal study to assess management and real-world outcomes of diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2020;37(5):885-92.
  183. Nicolucci A, Kovacs Burns K, Holt RI, Comaschi M, Hermanns N, Ishii H, et al; DAWN2 Study Group. Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs second study (DAWN2): cross-national benchmarking of diabetes-related psychosocial outcomes for people with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2013;30(7):767-77.
  184. Peyrot M, Burns KK, Davies M, Forbes A, Hermanns N, Holt R, et al. Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs 2 (DAWN2): a multinational, multi-stakeholder study of psychosocial issues in diabetes and person-centred diabetes care. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;99(2):174-84.

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