Sangir language explained

Sangir
Region:	North Sulawesi North Maluku Davao del Sur Davao Occidental Davao Oriental
Ethnicity:	Sangir
States:	Indonesia Philippines
Speakers:	Sangir:
Date:	2010
Ref:	e25
Speakers2:	Sangil: 15,000 (1996)
Familycolor:	Austronesian
Fam2:	Malayo-Polynesian
Fam3:	Philippine
Fam4:	Sangiric
Fam5:	North
Script:	Latin
Lc1:	sxn
Ld1:	Sangir
Lc2:	snl
Ld2:	Sangil
Glotto:	nort2871
Glottorefname:	Sangil–Sangir

Sangir, also known as Sangihé, Sangi, Sangil, or Sangih, is an Austronesian language spoken on the islands linking northern Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Mindanao, Philippines by the Sangir people. It belongs to the Philippine group within the Austronesian language family.

Some lexical influence comes from Ternate and Spanish,^{[1] [2]} as well as Dutch and Malay.^[3] Many of the Sangirese have migrated to areas outside of the Sangihe archipelago, including mainland Sulawesi, as well as the Philippines, where the language remains vigorous. Sangir is also spoken by Sangirese migrants in North Maluku, Indonesia.^[4]

Manado Malay is commonly used among the Sangirese, sometimes as a first language. Manado Malay is particularly influential in Tahuna and Manado.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
	voiced	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/
Nasal		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/
Fricative		pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Rhotic			pronounced as /link/
Lateral			pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Approximant		pronounced as /link/			pronounced as /link/

pronounced as //ɣ// is mainly heard in the Sangihé dialect.^[5]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/	pronounced as /link/
Mid	pronounced as /link/		pronounced as /link/
Open		pronounced as /link/

• Vowels pronounced as //i, e, a, o, u// may also be heard as pronounced as /[ɪ, ɛ, ə, ɔ, ʊ]/ within syllables.
• pronounced as //ɨ// can be heard as pronounced as /[ɨ]/, pronounced as /[ɯ]/, pronounced as /[ə]/.^[6]

Further reading

• ADRIANI . N. . Nicolaus Adriani . SANGIREESCHE TEKSTEN (Vervolg) . Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië . 44 . 1 . 1894 . 1–168 . 25737775 . Dutch. Accessed 10 Feb. 2023.

External links

• Sangirese song sample in Youtube
• The Lord's Prayer in Sangirese

Notes and References

1. Book: Chlenov, M. A. . Sangirtsy . Narody i religii mira: Entsiklopediya . 1998 . Nauchnoye Izdatelstvo "Bolshaya Rossiyskaya Entsiklopediya" . V. A. . Tishkov . 468 . 5-85270-155-6 . Moskva . 40821169 . ru.
2. Book: Hayase, Shinzō . Mindanao Ethnohistory Beyond Nations: Maguindanao, Sangir, and Bagobo Societies in East Maritime Southeast Asia . 2007 . 978-971-550-511-6 . Quezon City . Ateneo de Manila University Press . 90 . 154714449 . en.
3. Book: Sneddon, James N. . Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages . 1984 . 10.15144/PL-B91 . 0-85883-306-9 . Canberra . Australian National University . Pacific Linguistics . B-91 . 11871135 . 13 . en .
4. Book: Grimes, Charles E. . Grimes . Barbara D. . Languages of the North Moluccas: a preliminary lexicostatistic classification . E.K.M. . Masinambow . Maluku dan Irian Jaya . Jakarta . LEKNAS-LIPI . 1994 . Buletin LEKNAS . 3(1) . 35–63 . 54222413 . en .
5. Maryott . Kenneth R. . 1986 . Pre-Sangir *l, *d, *r and Associated Phonemes . Notes on Linguistics . 34 . 25–40.
6. Maryott . Kenneth R. . 1977 . The Phonemes of Sarangani Sangiré . Studies in Philippine Linguistics . 1 . 2 . 264–279.