| Disputed: | yes |
| Sand Cay | |
| Type: | island |
| Other Names: | Đảo Sơn Ca (Vietnamese) Bailan Island (Philippine English) Pulo ng Bailan (Filipino) 敦謙沙洲 / 敦谦沙洲 Dūnqiān Shāzhōu (Chinese) |
| Pushpin Map: | Spratly Islands relief |
| Location: | South China Sea |
| Coordinates: | 10.375°N 114.48°W |
| Archipelago: | Spratly Islands |
| Country Admin Divisions Title: | District |
| Country Admin Divisions: | Trường Sa District |
| Country Admin Divisions Title 2: | Commune |
| Country Admin Divisions 2: | Sinh Tồn Commune |
Sand Cay, also known as Bailan Island (Filipino; Pilipino: Pulo ng Bailan) and Son Ca Island (Vietnamese: Đảo Sơn Ca; Mandarin), is a cay on the north edge of the Tizard Bank of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. With an area of 7ha, it is the ninth largest, and the fourth largest former Vietnamese-administered, of the Spratly Islands. The island has been occupied by Vietnam since 1974, (first by South Vietnam, then by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after 1975). It is also claimed by China (PRC), the Philippines, Vietnam, and Taiwan (ROC).
The island has been occupied by Vietnam since 1974, (first by South Vietnam, then by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after 1975). However, no Vietnamese stations have been built. By the later half of the 20th century, no nation had complete sovereignty on the islands.
Part of the Tizard Bank,[1] Sand Cay lies east of Itu Aba Island, which is occupied by Taiwan. It is long, wide, and has an elevation of to at low tide.[2] There is a high light house on the islet.[3] Sand Cay is commonly confused with Sandy Cay which is a sandy shoal (coral reef) near Thitu Island.
In 2022, news reports indicated that the Vietnamese government was engaged in dredging and landfill operations to expand the size of Sand Cay, Namyit Island, and Pearson Reef. The total area of the land reclaimed in these operations was estimated to be 170 hectares (420 acres). [4]
Sand Cay has no source of natural fresh water, but the islet's coral sand is covered with a thin layer of fertile humus mixing with guano. The vegetation mainly composes of Barringtonia asiatica, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Casuarinaceae's species as well as some kinds of grass. In recent years, islanders have cultivated fruit trees such as pomelo, jackfruit, dragonfruit, sugar-apple and guava.[5] Sand Cay is usually visited by seabirds, and its surrounding water is rich with fish, sea snails and sea cucumbers.