San Diego County, California Explained

San Diego County
Official Name:County of San Diego
Image Blank Emblem:Logo of San Diego County, California.png
Blank Emblem Type:Logo
Blank Emblem Size:100px
Blank Emblem Link:List of U.S. county and city insignia
Image Map1:Map of California highlighting San Diego County.svg
Mapsize1:200px
Map Caption1:Location in California
Coordinates:33.02°N -116.77°W
Seat1 Type:Largest city
Seat1:San Diego
Established Title:Formed
Established Date:February 18, 1850[1]
Leader Title:Chair
Leader Name:Nora Vargas (D)
Leader Title1:Vice Chair
Leader Name1:Terra Lawson-Remer (D)
Leader Title2:Chair Pro Tem
Leader Name2:Joel Anderson (R)
Leader Title3:Board of Supervisors[2]
Leader Title4:Chief Administrative Officer
Leader Name4:Sarah E. Aghassi (Interim)[3]
Leader Name5:Summer Stephan
Unit Pref:US
Area Total Sq Mi:4260.9
Area Land Sq Mi:3942
Area Water Sq Mi:319
Area Footnotes:[4]
Elevation Max Footnotes:[5]
Elevation Max Ft:6533
Population Total:3298634
Population Density Sq Mi:837
Demographics Type2:GDP
Demographics2 Footnotes:[6]
Demographics2 Title1:Total
Demographics2 Info1:$257.341 billion (2022)
Utc Offset:–8
Utc Offset Dst:–7
Blank Info Sec1:06-073
Blank1 Name Sec1:GNIS feature ID =
Blank Name Sec2:Congressional districts

San Diego County, officially the County of San Diego (Spanish; Castilian: Condado de San Diego|link=), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego,[7] the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States. There are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in the county.

San Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area,[8] which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[9] [10] San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico. From north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico–U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County, which separated from it in 1907.

San Diego County has more than of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter.[11] These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.

History

See main article: History of San Diego. The area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueno and Ipai/Tipai), Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Kuupangaxwichem (Cupeño), ʔívil̃uqaletem (Cahuilla), and the Acjachemen (Juaneño) Indians and their local predecessors.[12]

In 1542, the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who may have been born in Portugal but sailed under the flag of Castile, claimed San Diego Bay for the Spanish Empire, and he named the site San Miguel.[13] In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego.[14] European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the San Diego Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá by Spanish soldiers and clerics in 1769.[15] This county was part of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the Mexican declaration of independence. From 1821 through 1848, this area was part of Mexico.

San Diego County became part of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the Mexican–American War. This treaty designated the border to pass through a point one marine league south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, ensuring that the United States received all of the natural harbor of San Diego Bay.

San Diego County was one of the original counties of California, created at the time of California statehood in 1850.[16]

At the time of its establishment in 1850, San Diego County was relatively large, and included all of southernmost California south and east of Los Angeles County. It included areas of what are now Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, as well as all of what are now Riverside and Imperial Counties.

During the later part of the 19th century, there were numerous changes in the boundaries of San Diego County, when various areas were separated to make up the counties mentioned above. The most recent changes were the establishments of Riverside County in 1893 and Imperial County in 1907. Imperial County was also the last county to be established in California, and after this division, San Diego no longer extended from the Pacific Ocean to the Colorado River, and it no longer covered the entire border between California and Mexico.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of, of which is land and (7.0%) is water.[17] The county is larger in area than the combined states of Rhode Island and Delaware.[18]

San Diego County has a varied topography. On its western side is more than 70miles of coastline.[19] Most of San Diego between the coast and the Laguna Mountains consists of hills, mesas, and small canyons. Snow-capped (in winter) mountains rise to the east, with the Sonoran Desert farther to the east. Cleveland National Forest is spread across the central portion of the county, while the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occupies most of the northeast.

Although the county's western third is primarily urban, the mountains and deserts in the eastern two-thirds are primarily undeveloped backcountry. Most of these backcountry areas are home to a native plant community known as chaparral. San Diego County contains more than 1000000acres of chaparral, twice as much as any other California county.[20]

Periodically the area has been subject to wildfires that force thousands to evacuate. The most recent are the December 2017 Lilac Fire, the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires, the Witch Creek Fire in 2007, and the Cedar Fire in 2003. California defines a fire season in which fires are most likely to occur, usually between late July and late October (which are the driest months of the area). Signs posted in numerous spots of the county provide information on the level of threats from fires based on weather conditions.

Regions

Northern San Diego County is known as North County; the eastern suburbs are collectively known as East County; the rural areas located further east and extending to the Imperial County line are known as the Mountain Empire; and the southern suburbs, extending to the Mexican border, are collectively known as the South Bay or South County, including South San Diego, an exclave of the city of San Diego which has no land connection to the rest of the city.

Location

San Diego County is bordered on the northwest by Orange County, on the north by Riverside County; on the east by Imperial County; on the south by Mexico; and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Climate

See main article: Climate of San Diego, California.

Under the Köppen climate classification system, the urban and suburban San Diego area straddles areas of Mediterranean climate (Csa) to the north and hot semi-arid climate (BSh) to the south and east.[21] As a result, it is often described as "arid Mediterranean" and "semi-arid steppe." Farther east, arid desert conditions prevail. Western San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between November and March. The city has mild, mostly dry weather, with an average of 201 days above 70°F and low rainfall (9inches–13inchesin (–in) annually). Summer temperatures are generally warm, with average highs of 70F78F and lows of 55F66F. Temperatures exceed 90°F only four days a year. Most rainfall occurs from November to April. Winter temperatures are mild, with average high temperatures of 66F70F and lows of 50F56F.

The climate in the San Diego area, like much of California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego's case this is mainly due to the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick marine layer will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5miles10miles inland. This happens every year in May and June.[22] Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of and August highs of .[23] The city of El Cajon, just northeast of downtown San Diego, averages January lows of and August highs of .[24] Julian, in the mountains, has an average January low of and August high of .[25] Borrego Springs, in the Colorado Desert, has an average January low of and August high of .[26]

Rainfall along the coast averages about 10inches of precipitation annually, which occurs mainly during the cooler months of December through April. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does occur. However, the rainfall is greater in the higher elevations of San Diego. Some of the higher areas of San Diego, such as Palomar Mountain and the Laguna Mountains, receive 20inches–40inchesin (–in) of rain per year, supporting lush forests similar to the Sierra Nevada and California Coast Range. The Colorado Desert portion of the county lies to the east of the mountains, which receives the least amount of precipitation; Borrego Springs, the largest population center in the desert, averages only 5inches, with a high evaporation rate.

National protected areas

There are seven official wilderness areas in San Diego County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Four of these are integral parts of Cleveland National Forest, whereas three are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Some of these extend into neighboring counties (as indicated below):

State parks and protected areas

Mountains

There are 236 mountain summits and peaks in San Diego County[32] including:

Bays and lagoons

Lakes

Rivers

Environmental risks

More than 1,700 tons of radioactive waste are stored at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station,[33] which sits in an area where there is a record of past tsunamis.[34] [35]

Demographics

See main article: Demographics of San Diego County, California.

In the 1847 census of San Diego County ordered by Richard Barnes Mason, it found that 2,287 people lived in the county, to include Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and African Americans.[36] Since at least 2014, San Diego County is the fifth most populous county in the United States.[37] In 2000, only about 3% of San Diego County residents left the county for work while 40,000 people commuted into the metropolitan area.[38]

2020 census

San Diego County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
!Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)!Pop 1990[39] !Pop 2000[40] !Pop 2010[41] ![42] !% 1990!% 2000!% 2010!
White alone (NH)1,633,2811,548,8331,500,047style='background: #ffffe6; 1,422,20565.38%55.04%48.46%style='background: #ffffe6; 43.11%
Black or African American alone (NH)149,898154,487146,600style='background: #ffffe6; 145,0146.00%5.49%4.74%style='background: #ffffe6; 4.40%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)15,05015,25314,098style='background: #ffffe6; 12,8410.60%0.54%0.46%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.39%
Asian alone (NH)185,144245,297328,058style='background: #ffffe6; 400,5897.41%8.72%10.60%style='background: #ffffe6; 12.14%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)N/A12,16413,504style='background: #ffffe6; 12,991N/A0.43%0.44%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.39%
Other race alone (NH)3,8625,8226,715style='background: #ffffe6; 18,1250.15%0.21%0.22%style='background: #ffffe6; 0.55%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)N/A81,01294,943style='background: #ffffe6; 167,240N/A2.88%3.07%style='background: #ffffe6; 5.07%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)510,781750,965991,348style='background: #ffffe6; 1,119,62920.45%26.69%32.03%style='background: #ffffe6; 33.94%
Total2,498,0162,813,8333,095,313style='background: #ffffe6; 3,298,634100.00%100.00%100.00%style='background: #ffffe6; 100.00%
'

Racial and Ethnic Composition since 1960

Income (2011)
Per capita income[44] $30,955
Median household income[45] $63,857
Median family income[46] $74,633

Race

The 2010 United States Census reported that San Diego County had a population of 3,095,313. The racial makeup of San Diego County was 1,981,442 (64.0%) White, 158,213 (5.1%) African American, 26,340 (0.9%) Native American, 336,091 (10.9%) Asian (4.7% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Chinese, 3.2% Other Asian), 15,337 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 419,465 (13.6%) from other races, and 158,425 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 991,348 people (32.0%). Including those of mixed race, the total number of residents with Asian ancestry was 407,984.[47]

As of 2009, the racial makeup of the county was 79.4% White American, 5.6% Black or African American, 1% Native American, 10.4% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 10.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. 31.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

67.0% spoke only English at home; 21.9% spoke Spanish, 3.1% Tagalog and 1.2% Vietnamese.

Other demographic data

As of 2018 Census Bureau estimates, there were 3,343,364 people, 1,067,846 households, and 663,449 families residing in the county. The population density was 670sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 1,142,245 housing units at an average density of 248sp=usNaNsp=us.

In 2000 there were 994,677 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.29.

As of 2000, 25.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 11.30% was from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

In 2012, it was estimated that there were 198,000 unauthorized immigrants; the origin of the plurality of them is Mexico.[48]

In 2018, the median household income was $70,824; most people spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs.[49] In August of that year, the median home price was $583,000; this is lower than the median home price in Los Angeles, and Orange counties.[50]

Income

According to the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the county was $47,067, and the median income for a family was $53,438. Males had a median income of $36,952 versus $30,356 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,926. About 8.9% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Much of the county's high-income residents are concentrated in the northern part of the city of San Diego. The San Diego metropolitan area has two places with both a population of over 50,000 and a per capita income of over $40,000: Carlsbad and Encinitas.

The county's largest continuous high-income urban area is a triangle from a first point on the northern edge of Carlsbad, a second point southeast of Escondido, and a third point on the southern edge of La Jolla. It contains all or most of the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach, Del Mar, and Poway in addition to a substantial portion of northern San Diego.[51]

Homelessness

According to a Point-In-Time count taken for the San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless, there were 8,576 homeless individuals on January 6, 2018, a 6% decrease from 2017. 3,586 were sheltered, and 4,990 were not. 4,912 (75.3%) were in the city of San Diego. North County Inland had 1,153 (13.4%), North County Coastal with 822 homeless (9.6%), 602 (7%) were found in South County, and 1,087 (12.7%) in East County.[52]

Religion

According to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey, 68% of adults in the county were Christian, of whom 32% were Catholic. 27% were religiously unaffiliated, and 5% adhered to a non-Christian faith.[53] According to the University of Southern California, in 2010, the largest faith in the county was Catholicism, followed by Nondenominational Christians, and Mormons.[54]

In 2014, the county had 978 religious organizations, the seventh most out of all US counties.[55]

Immigration data

In 2014 according to Pew Research Center, there are about 170,000 undocumented immigrants living in the region.[56] San Diego has been a destination for trafficked minors from Mexico and the Philippines.[57] In 2018, the United States Border Patrol caught an average of over a hundred individuals crossing the border illegally each day.[58]

Economy

San Diego County and Imperial County are part of the Southern Border Region, one of nine such regions. As a regional economy, the Southern Border Region is the smallest but most economically diverse region in the state. However, the two counties maintain weak relations and have little in common aside from their common border.[59] The region has a high cost of living.[60] This includes the highest cost of water in the United States.[61], San Diego County is within the top ten highest cost of rent in the United States;[62] this has led to people moving out of the county.[63]

Agriculture

San Diego County's agriculture industry was worth $1.85 billion in 2013,[64] and is one of the top five egg producing counties in the United States.[65] In 2013, San Diego County also had the most small farms of any county in the United States, and had the 19th largest agricultural economy of any county in the United States.[66] According to the San Diego Farm Bureau, San Diego County is the United States' leading producer of avocados and nursery crops.[67] Until the early 20th century, San Diego County had a thriving wine industry; however the 1916 Charles Hatfield flood was the beginning of the end of the industry which included the destruction of the Daneri winery in Otay Valley.[68], there are roughly one hundred vineyards and wineries in San Diego County.[69]

By the 20192020 statistical survey, California Department of Food & Agriculture (cdfa) found that the nursery trade dominated the county's agriculture by dollar value. Second place went to avocado production.[70]

Breweries

See main article: Beer in San Diego County, California. The county has been called "the Craft Beer Capital of America".[71] Brewing has been one of the fastest-growing business sectors with local breweries ranking among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States and breweries that are consistently rated among the top breweries in the world.

Cannabis

Commercial operations to grow, test, or sell cannabis are not allowed in the unincorporated areas of the county. Companies must be licensed by the local agency to operate and each city or county may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use.[72]

Tourism

Tourism plays a large part in the economics of the San Diego metropolitan area. Tourists are drawn to the region for a well rounded experience, everything from shopping to surfing as well as its mild climate. Its numerous tourist destinations include Westfield UTC, Seaport Village, and Fashion Valley for shopping. SeaWorld San Diego and Legoland California as amusement parks. Golf courses such as Torrey Pines Golf Course and Balboa Park Golf Course. Museums such as the Museum of Us, San Diego Museum of Art, Fleet Science Center, San Diego Natural History Museum, USS Midway Museum, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum. Historical places such as the Gaslamp Quarter, Balboa Park and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Wildlife refuges, zoos, and aquariums such as the Birch Aquarium, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park. Outdoor destinations include the Peninsular Ranges for hiking, biking, mountainboarding and trail riding. Surfing locations include Swami's, Stone Steps Beach, Torrey Pines State Beach, Cardiff State Beach, San Onofre State Beach and the southern portion of Black's Beach.

The region is host to the second largest cruise ship industry in California which generates an estimated $2 million annually from purchases of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services.[73] In 2008 the Port of San Diego hosted 252 ship calls and more than 800,000 passengers.[74]

Culture

See also: Culture of San Diego. The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town, its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico. The area's longtime association with the U.S. military also contributes to its culture. Present-day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions, a thriving musical and theatrical scene, numerous notable special events, a varied cuisine, and a reputation as one of America's premier centers of craft brewing.

Sites of interest

Sports

See also: Sports in San Diego. Sports in San Diego includes major professional league teams, other highest-level professional league teams, minor league teams, and college athletics. The San Diego Padres compete in Major League Baseball (MLB). San Diego FC begins play in Major League Soccer (MLS) in 2025. The San Diego State Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I (FBS). The Farmers Insurance Open, a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, is played annually at Torrey Pines Golf Course.

Professional teams

The following teams compete at their sport's highest level of domestic competition.

ClubLeagueSportHome venueSinceAttendanceTitles
San Diego PadresMLBBaseballPetco Park1936; 196940,915 (2023)[75]
San Diego FCMLSSoccer (men's)Snapdragon Stadium2025[76]
San Diego Wave FCNWSLSoccer (women's)Snapdragon Stadium202220,718 (2023)[77]
San Diego SealsNLLBox lacrossePechanga Arena20184,667 (2024)
San Diego MojoPVFVolleyball (women's)Viejas Arena20243,134 (2024)
San Diego LegionMLRRugbySnapdragon Stadium20183,043 (2019)
San Diego Strike ForceIFLIndoor footballPechanga Arena20191,930 (2023)[78]
San Diego SockersMASLIndoor soccerFrontwave Arena1978; 20091,732 (2023–24)[79] 16
California RedwoodsPLLField lacrosseTorero Stadium2024
San Diego WildNVAVolleyball (men's)varies2023
San Diego GrowlersUFAUltimate (men's)Mission Bay High School2015
San Diego Super BloomWULUltimate (women's)Kearny High School2022
San Diego LionsUSAFLAustralian footballvaries19972
San Diego Yacht ClubAmerica's CupSailingSan Diego Bay18863

Minor league teams

The following teams compete below their sport's highest level of domestic competition.

ClubLeagueSportHome venueSinceAttendance
San Diego GullsAHLIce hockeyPechanga Arena1966; 20157,249 (2023-24)[80]
San Diego ClippersG LeagueBasketballFrontwave Arena2024[81]
San Diego Surf RidersMiLCCricketCanyonside Park2021

College teams

ClubUniversityLeaguePrimary conferenceEnrollment
San Diego State AztecsSan Diego State UniversityNCAA Division I (FBS)Mountain West Conference35,723[82] (2022)
San Diego TorerosUniversity of San DiegoNCAA Division I (FCS)West Coast Conference8,815[83] (2022)
UC San Diego TritonsUniversity of California, San DiegoNCAA Division IBig West Conference42,968[84] (2022)
Cal State San Marcos CougarsCalifornia State University, San MarcosNCAA Division IICalifornia Collegiate Athletic Association14,311[85] (2022)
Point Loma Sea LionsPoint Loma Nazarene UniversityNCAA Division IIPacific West Conference3,179[86] (2021)

Annual events

EventLeagueSportVenueSince
Farmers Insurance OpenPGA TourGolfTorrey Pines Golf Course1952
Holiday BowlNCAA Division I (FBS)FootballSnapdragon Stadium1978
Rady Children's InvitationalNCAA Division IBasketballLionTree Arena2023
San Diego OpenWomen's Tennis AssociationTennisBarnes Tennis Centre1984
San Diego Bayfair CupH1 UnlimitedHydroplane racingMission Bay1964
Rock 'n' Roll San Diego MarathonRock 'n' Roll Running SeriesRunningSan Diego1998

Government

See main article: Government of San Diego County, California.

See also: San Diego County Water Authority.

The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of San Diego.[87] Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.[88] Some chartered cities such as San Diego and Chula Vista provide municipal services such as police, public safety, libraries, parks and recreation, and zoning. Other cities such as Del Mar and Vista arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services on a contract basis.

The county government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices and officers

Office Official !Party
Clerk Jordan Marks Republican
District Attorney Independent
Sheriff Kelly Martinez Democratic
Treasurer Dan McAllister Republican
and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the Chief Administrative Officer such as the Probation Department. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with San Diego County, such as the San Diego Superior Court.

Under its foundational Charter, the five-member elected San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the county legislature. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. As a legislative authority, it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas (ordinances that affect the whole county, like posting of restaurant ratings, must be ratified by the individual city). As an executive body, it can tell the county departments what to do, and how to do it. As a quasi-judicial body, the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process.

As of June 2023, the members of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors are:[89]

District Supervisor !Party
1 Nora Vargas (Chair) Democrat
2 Joel Anderson (Chair Pro Tem)Republican
3 Terra Lawson-Remer (Vice Chair) Democrat
4 Monica Montgomery-SteppeDemocrat
5 Republican

For several decades, ending in 2013, all five supervisors were Republican, white, graduates of San Diego State University, and had been in office since 1995 or earlier. The Board was criticized for this homogeneity, which was made possible because supervisors draw their own district lines and, until 2010, were not subject to term limits.[90] [91]) That pattern was broken in 2013 when Slater-Price retired; she was replaced by Democrat Dave Roberts, who won election to the seat in November 2012 and was inaugurated in January 2013.[92]

The San Diego County Code is the codified law of San Diego County in the form of ordinances passed by the Board of Supervisors. The Administrative Code establishes the powers and duties of all officers and the procedures and rules of operation of all departments.

The county motto is "The noblest motive is the public good." County government offices are housed in the historic County Administration Center Building, constructed in 1935–1938 with funding from the Works Progress Administration.[93]

Politics

San Diego County registered voters (2019)[94]
Total population[95] 3,338,330
  Registered voters[96] 1,747,38352.3%
    Democratic623,92535.7%
    Republican475,14927.2%
    Democratic–Republican spread
    No party preference552,53831.6%
    American Independent55,8003.2%
    Libertarian16,3550.9%
    Other11,4740.7%
    Green6,8870.4%
    Peace and Freedom5,2550.3%

See main article: Politics of San Diego County.

Voting

With its prominent armed forces presence, San Diego County, historically, has been a Republican stronghold. The Republican presidential nominee carried the county in every presidential election from 1948 through 2004, except in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win a majority of votes in San Diego County since World War II; upon his reelection in 2012, he again won a majority of the county votes. In 2020, San Diego County voted in favor of the Democratic presidential candidate (former Vice President Joe Biden) by a margin of 22.8%, the county's largest margin for a Democratic candidate since 1936.

The city of San Diego itself is more Democratic than the county average, and has largely voted Democrat in each presidential election since 1992; certain areas and cities within the county are swing areas, and have split their votes, in post-2000 elections. The county's Republican population gradually increases the further one travels away from the city center; the Republican strongholds are (more or less) concentrated throughout La Jolla, Coronado, the regions of North County and East County, the eastern backlands and remote mountain communities (including Julian). While these areas have been traditionally Republican, all maintain a considerably varied population of Liberals, Democrats, Libertarians, Independents, and others.

One unique feature of the political scene is the use of Golden Hall, a convention facility next to San Diego's City Hall, as "Election Central." The County Registrar of Voters rents the hall to distribute election results. Supporters and political observers gather to watch the results come in; supporters of the various candidates parade around the hall, carrying signs and chanting; candidates give their victory and concession speeches and host parties for campaign volunteers and donors at the site; and television stations broadcast live from the floor of the convention center.[97] The atmosphere at Election Central on the evening of election day has been compared to the voting portion of a political party national convention.[98]

On November 4, 2008, San Diego County voted 53.71% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution, effectively placing a ban on same-sex marriages; this proposition would restore Proposition 22, which was overturned by a ruling from the California Supreme Court. However, the City of San Diego, along with the North County coastal cities of Del Mar, Encinitas, and Solana Beach voted against Proposition 8. La Mesa was a virtual tie for Prop. 8 support, while Carlsbad supported the referendum by only a 2% margin.[99]

Federal and state representation

In the U.S. House of Representatives, San Diego County is split between five congressional districts:[100]

In the California State Assembly, San Diego County is split between seven legislative districts:[101]

In the California State Senate, San Diego County is split between four legislative districts:[102]

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Education

San Diego County contains three public state universities: University of California, San Diego (UCSD); San Diego State University (SDSU); and California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM). Major private universities in the county include University of San Diego (USD), Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), Alliant International University (AIU), and National University. It also includes three law schools, USD School of Law, California Western School of Law, and Thomas Jefferson School of Law.

Within the county there are 24 public elementary school districts, 6 high school districts, and 12 unified school districts. There are also five community college districts.[106]

Several cities in the county maintain public library systems, including the city of San Diego itself. The San Diego County Library serves all other areas of the county. In 2010 the county library had 33 branches and two bookmobiles; circulated over 10.7 million books, CDs, DVDs, and other material formats; recorded 5.7 million visits to library branches; and hosted 21,132 free programs and events. The San Diego County Library is one of the 25 busiest libraries in the nation as measured by materials circulated.[107] [108]

Community College Districts

K-12 schools

School districts:[109]

K-12 unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Military

San Diego is the headquarters of the U.S. Navy's Eleventh Naval District and is the Navy's principal location for West Coast and Pacific Ocean operations.[110] Naval Base San Diego, California is principal home to the Pacific Fleet (although the headquarters is located in Pearl Harbor). NAS North Island is located on the north side of Coronado, and is home to Headquarters for Naval Air Forces and Naval Air Force Pacific, the bulk of the Pacific Fleet's helicopter squadrons, and part of the West Coast aircraft carrier fleet.

The Naval Special Warfare Center is the primary training center for SEALs, and is also located on Coronado. The area contains five major naval bases and the U.S. Marines base Camp Pendleton. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base.[111] It is located on the Southern California coast, bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente to the north, and Fallbrook to the east.

U.S. Navy

U.S. Marine Corps

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Air Force

Media

San Diego County is primarily served by media in San Diego, including TV and radio stations based in the city.

Newspapers

San Diego County is served by many newspapers. The major regional paper is The San Diego Union-Tribune, also known as U-T San Diego or just "The U-T" by locals, is ranked 23rd in the country (by daily circulation) as of March 2013.[112] The Union-Tribune serves both San Diego County and neighboring Imperial County. The former North County Times, based in Escondido and serving portions of Riverside County and North County, was purchased by the Union-Tribune in 2012 and closed down. For about a year after absorbing the North County Times the Union-Tribune published a North County edition,[113] but the regional edition was later abandoned.[114] The Los Angeles Times is also delivered in portions of the county. Many of the area's cities, towns and neighborhoods have their own local newspapers; the Union Tribune bought eight local weeklies in 2013 and is continuing to publish them as independent local newspapers. The San Diego Daily Transcript reports business and legal news. Privately published papers like the Military Press Newspaper and the Navy Dispatch serve the military community both on and off base.

Other media

County Television Network is a public-access television cable channel, offering a "hometown blend of C-SPAN, the Lifetime, History, Travel, and Discovery channels" for the county, and funded by fees paid by cable companies.[115]

Transportation

See main article: Transportation in San Diego County.

Major highways

Border crossings to Mexico

Railroads

Light rail and local transit

The Port of San Diego

Airports

Carlsbad

El Cajon

Oceanside

City of San Diego

Unincorporated San Diego County

Communities

As of the 2020 census, San Diego County includes 18 incorporated cities, 18 Native American Indian reservations, and 39 census-designated places (CDPs).

Cities

CityDate incorporatedPopulation
(2020 Census)
Carlsbad114,746
Chula Vista275,487
Coronado20,192
Del Mar3,954
El Cajon106,215
Encinitas62,007
Escondido151,038
Imperial Beach26,137
La Mesa61,121
Lemon Grove27,627
National City56,173
Oceanside174,068
Poway48,841
San Diego (county seat)1,386,932
San Marcos94,833
Santee60,037
Solana Beach12,941
Vista98,381

Census-designated places (CDPs)

Unincorporated communities

Indian reservations

San Diego County has 18 federally recognized Indian reservations, more than any other county in the United States.[116] Although they are typical in size to other Indian reservations in California (many of which are termed "Rancherías"), they are relatively small by national standards, and all together total 200.2sqmi of area.

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of San Diego County.[117] [118]

county seat

RankCity/Town/etc.Municipal typePopulation (2020 Census)Population (2010 Census)
1San Diego †City1,386,9321,307,402
2Chula Vista City275,487243,916
3Oceanside City174,068167,086
4Escondido City151,038143,911
5Carlsbad City114,746105,328
6El Cajon City106,21599,478
7Vista City98,38193,834
8San Marcos City94,83383,781
9Encinitas City62,00759,518
10La Mesa City61,12157,065
11Santee City60,03753,413
12National City City56,17358,582
13Poway City48,84147,811
14La Presa CDP35,03334,169
15Fallbrook CDP32,26730,534
16Spring Valley CDP30,99828,205
17Lemon Grove City27,62725,320
18Imperial Beach City26,13726,324
19Winter Gardens CDP22,38020,631
20Rancho San Diego CDP21,85821,208
21Ramona CDP21,46820,292
22Lakeside CDP21,15220,648
23Coronado City20,19218,912
24Casa de Oro-Mount Helix CDP19,57618,762
25Bostonia CDP16,88215,379
26Alpine CDP14,69614,236
27Solana Beach City12,94112,867
28Bonita CDP12,91712,538
29Camp Pendleton South CDP12,46810,616
30San Diego Country Estates CDP10,39510,109
31Valley Center CDP10,0879,277
32Camp Pendleton Mainside CDP9,6835,200
33Jamul CDP6,1796,163
34Eucalyptus Hills CDP5,5175,313
35Lake San Marcos CDP5,3284,437
36Bonsall CDP4,5463,982
37Hidden Meadows CDP4,4843,485
38Harbison Canyon CDP4,0483,841
39Del Mar City3,9544,161
40Granite Hills CDP3,2673,035
41Rancho Santa Fe CDP3,1563,117
42Borrego Springs CDP3,0733,429
43Fairbanks Ranch CDP3,0023,148
44Campo CDP2,9552,684
45Crest CDP2,8282,593
46Harmony GroveCDP[119] 2,079N/A
47RainbowCDP1,8841,832
48JulianCDP1,7681,502
49Pine ValleyCDP1,6451,510
50Pala Indian ReservationAIAN[120] 1,5411,315
51DescansoCDP1,4991,423
52PalaCDP[121] 1,490N/A
53San Pasqual ReservationAIAN[122] 1,2701,097
54Rincon ReservationAIAN[123] 1,0951,215
55Barona ReservationAIAN[124] 756640
56PotreroCDP648656
57Elfin ForestCDP[125] 600N/A
58JacumbaCDP540561
59Viejas ReservationAIAN[126] 538520
60Campo Indian ReservationAIAN[127] 398362
61Del DiosCDP[128] 396N/A
62BoulevardCDP359315
63Santa Ysabel ReservationAIAN[129] 263330
64Sycuan ReservationAIAN[130] 218211
65Pauma and Yuima ReservationAIAN[131] 179206
66La Jolla ReservationAIAN[132] 145476
67Manzanita ReservationAIAN[133] 10178
68Mesa Grande ReservationAIAN[134] 8798
69Mount LagunaCDP7457
70La Posta Indian ReservationAIAN[135] 5055
71Los Coyotes Reservation AIAN[136] 1598
72Ewiiaapaayp ReservationAIAN[137] 5N/A
Capitan Grande ReservationAIAN[138] 00
Inaja and Cosmit ReservationAIAN[139] 00
Jamul Indian VillageAIAN[140] 0N/A

Former cities

CityYear incorporatedYear removedFate
East San Diego19121923Merged into San Diego
Elsinore (now Lake Elsinore)18881893Riverside County formed
Imperial19041907Imperial County formed
Riverside18831893Riverside County formed
San Jacinto18881893Riverside County formed

Future and past incorporation efforts

The communities of Del Dios, Elfin Forest, Harmony Grove, and Pala were newly-designated as CDPs in the 2020 census.[141]

Some CDPs and unincorporated communities of San Diego County have explored incorporating as cities/towns in the past (California makes no legal distinction between the titles of "city" and "town", allowing communities that incorporate to chose their designation,[142] though there has never been an incorporated town in San Diego County). Alpine, Bonita, Fallbrook, Lakeside, Ramona, Rancho Santa Fe and Spring Valley have each been tied to various incorporation studies, organized efforts and discussions in the past.[143] [144] Some of these past efforts have culminated in ballot initiatives. Voters in Fallbrook previously rejected incorporation in 1981 and 1987.[145] Rancho Santa Fe residents also rejected incorporation in 1987.[146] Among the existing cities of San Diego County, some had multiple failed incorporation efforts before ultimately succeeding in becoming a city. Lemon Grove, for example, saw incorporation measures fail in 1955, 1958 and 1964 before a successful incorporation vote in 1977.[147] Other cities have seen incorporation success thanks to mergers of neighboring unincorporated communities. Encinitas, for example, became an incorporated city through a consolidated effort between the then-unincorporated communities of Cardiff-by-the-Sea, Leucadia, Encinitas and Olivenhain in 1986.[148] Encinitas and Solana Beach in 1986 are the most recent examples of successful campaigns for incorporation within the County of San Diego.

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Chronology . California State Association of Counties. February 6, 2015.
  2. Web site: Board of Supervisors . County of San Diego . January 12, 2015.
  3. Web site: Chief Administrative Officer. County of San Diego. January 31, 2015.
  4. Web site: Home . sangis.org.
  5. Web site: Hot Springs Mountain. Peakbagger.com. January 31, 2015.
  6. Web site: Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022. . www.bea.gov.
  7. Web site: Find a County. June 7, 2011. National Association of Counties.
  8. Web site: OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas . . February 28, 2013 . March 20, 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170121004708/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b13-01.pdf . January 21, 2017 .
  9. Web site: Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 . . 2012 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau, Population Division . March 2013 . March 20, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130401093220/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-01.csv . April 1, 2013 .
  10. Web site: Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 . . 2012 Population Estimates . United States Census Bureau, Population Division . March 2013 . March 20, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130517083619/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-02.csv . May 17, 2013 .
  11. Web site: climate map. Koeppen-geirger.vu.
  12. Web site: KUMEYAAY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT USA American San Diego County Indian Reservations Tribes of Baja California Mexico Culture. Kumeyaay.info.
  13. Web site: San Diego Historical Society. Sandiegohistory.org.
  14. Web site: Journal of San Diego History, October 1967. Sandiegohistory.org.
  15. Web site: San Diego de Alcalá – California Missions Resource Center. Missionscalifornia.com. April 18, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233845/http://www.missionscalifornia.com/keyfacts/san-diego-de-alcala.html. June 10, 2010. dead.
  16. Book: Coy, Owen C.; PhD . California County Boundaries . California Historical Commission . 1923 . Berkeley . B000GRBCXG.
  17. Web site: 2010 Census Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. October 4, 2015. August 22, 2012.
  18. Web site: wild san diego county. https://web.archive.org/web/20020417084233/http://members.cox.net/wesjanssen1/sandiegoco.html. dead. April 17, 2002. April 17, 2002. February 17, 2019.
  19. Gerber, James ed. Economic Profile of the San Diego-Tijuana Region: Characteristics for Investment and Governance Decisions. Institute for Regional Studies of the Californias. 1995. p.11
  20. Web site: The California Chaparral Field Institute. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20060623064734/http://californiachaparral.com/factsandmyths/wheretofindchaparral.html. June 23, 2006.
  21. M. Kottek. J. Grieser . C. Beck . B. Rudolf . F. Rubel . World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z.. 15. 259–263. 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. April 22, 2009. 2006. 3 . 2006MetZe..15..259K .
  22. Web site: California May Grey / June Gloom. meteora.ucsd.edu. April 18, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20100613050427/http://meteora.ucsd.edu/cap/gloom.html. June 13, 2010. dead.
  23. Web site: Monthly Averages for San Diego, CA. April 22, 2009. The Weather Channel. https://web.archive.org/web/20090502201247/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/USCA0982. May 2, 2009. dead.
  24. Web site: Monthly Averages for El Cajon, CA. December 22, 2017. The Weather Channel. https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055354/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/92020. June 4, 2011. dead.
  25. Web site: Monthly Averages for Julian, CA. December 22, 2017. The Weather Channel.
  26. Web site: Monthly Averages for Borrego Springs, CA. December 22, 2017. The Weather Channel.
  27. Web site: About the refuge complex. San Diego National Wildlife Refuge. June 7, 2015.
  28. Web site: About the Refuge. San Diego National Wildlife Refuge. June 7, 2015.
  29. Web site: About the Refuge. San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge. June 7, 2015.
  30. Web site: About the Refuge. Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge. June 7, 2015.
  31. Web site: About the Refuge. Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge. June 7, 2015.
  32. Web site: Mountains in USA. Mountainzone.com.
  33. News: How a nuclear stalemate left radioactive waste stranded on a California beach . The Verge . August 28, 2018.
  34. News: Op-Ed: The San Onofre nuclear plant is a 'Fukushima waiting to happen' . Los Angeles Times . August 15, 2018.
  35. News: Coastal Panel Votes 10–0 to Allow Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel at San Onofre . Times of San Diego . July 16, 2020.
  36. Hughes . Charles . Hughes . James E. . Summer 1975 . The Decline of Californios . The Journal of San Diego History . 21 . 3 . September 25, 2023 . During this period the population of San Diego more than tripled, despite its remoteness from the gold felds. In 1847 the military governor of California, William B. Mason. ordered a census taken in San Diego County. Captain D. C. Davis of the Mormon Volunteers carried out this order and reported a total of 248 white men, women, and children within the county. He set the total population of the county at 2,287 including whites, “tame” Indians, “wild” Indians, Sandwich Islanders, and Negroes. .
  37. News: Jennewein . Chris . March 26, 2015 . San Diego Nation's 5th Most Populous County in 2014 . Times of San Diego . March 22, 2018 .
    News: Mendelson . Aaron . March 26, 2015 . LA County is nation's most populous — still . KPCC . Pasadena, California .
  38. Web site: San Diego County Commute. Calmis.ca.gov.
  39. Web site: California: 1990, Part 1 . July 14, 2024.
  40. Web site: P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – San Diego County, California. United States Census Bureau . January 26, 2024.
  41. Web site: P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – San Diego County, California. United States Census Bureau . January 26, 2024.
  42. Web site: P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – San Diego County, California. United States Census Bureau . January 26, 2024.
  43. Web site: Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. August 24, 2021. Census.gov. EN-US.
  44. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  45. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  46. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  47. Web site: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 . . 2010 . American Fact Finder . United States Census Bureau . April 10, 2018 . https://archive.today/20200214003623/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF2/PCT1/310M100US41740/popgroup~031 . February 14, 2020 . dead .
  48. Sheldon X. Zhang . Karen J. Bachar . John Picarelli . Yang Qin . Irma Cordova . Manuel Enrique . Cristina Juarez . Adan Ortiz . Maria Stacey . November 2012 . Looking for a Hidden Population: Trafficking of Migrant Laborers in San Diego County . San Diego State University . United States Department of Justice . 16–17 . September 12, 2018 .
  49. News: Stebbins . Samuel . August 15, 2018 . Priced out of the market? Cities where the middle class can no longer afford a home . 24/7 Wall Street . USA Today . August 15, 2018 .
  50. News: Molnar . Phillip . September 26, 2018 . New record: San Diego home price hits $583K . San Diego Union-Tribune . October 4, 2018 .
  51. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Tables B01003 and B19025. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  52. https://www.rtfhsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2018-WPoint-in-Time-Count-Annual-Report.pdf. San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  53. Web site: Adults in the San Diego metro area . . 2014 . Religious Landscape Study . Per Research Center . May 10, 2018 .
  54. Web site: San Diego County . . September 17, 2009 . Center for Religion and Civic Culture . University of Southern California . May 10, 2018 .
  55. Web site: Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014 . PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development . December 8, 2017 . December 30, 2019.
  56. News: Stewart . Joshua . February 9, 2017 . San Diego home to 170k immigrants here illegally, study shows . San Diego Union-Tribune . May 15, 2018 .
  57. Ami . Carpenter . Jamie . Gates . April 2016 . The Nature and Extent of Gang Involvement in Sex Trafficking in San Diego County . United States Department of Justice . 14 . May 15, 2018 .
  58. News: Los Angeles Times . Marosi . Richard . May 14, 2018 . The aggressive prosecution of border-crossers is straining the courts. Will 'zero tolerance' make it worse? . Richmond Times-Dispatch . May 15, 2018 .
  59. http://search.ca.gov/search?q=cache:AtbaXur_WaEJ:www.labor.ca.gov/panel/pdf/CESP_Regions_100606.pdf&proxystylesheet=xfix&output=xml_no_dtd&client=xfix
  60. News: . City News Service . Report: Wages don't cover high cost of living for 33% of San Diegans . KSWB-TV . San Diego . January 31, 2017 . May 4, 2018 .
    News: Jones . Tom . Ron . Campbell . March 30, 2018 . MAP: Housing Costs Continue to Outpace Incomes in San Diego County . KNSD . San Diego . May 4, 2018 .
    News: . San Diego, California . U.S. News & World Report . 2017 . May 4, 2018 .
    News: Mike . Freeman . Survey: San Diego is a good place for job hunters, but pay lags living costs . San Diego Union-Tribune . April 12, 2018 . May 4, 2018 .
    News: Zac . Self . Data shows how much San Diego families need to budget . KGTV . San Diego . March 26, 2018 . May 4, 2018 .
    News: Bauder . Don . February 21, 2018 . Good weather, high cost of living make San Diego bad for pro sports . San Diego Reader . May 4, 2018 .
  61. News: Voice of San Diego . Ry . Rivard . Why San Diego Pays Some of Highest Water Rates in State and Country . News Deeply . New York . May 30, 2017 . May 4, 2018 .
  62. News: Stafford . Audra . January 19, 2018 . San Diegans Coping with Rising Rental Costs . KNSD . San Diego . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Cavanaugh . Maureen . Lipkin . Michael . October 9, 2017 . Average Rent Hit Record High In San Diego County . KPBS . San Diego . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Molnar . Phillip . October 5, 2017 . San Diego County rents hit record high . San Diego Union-Tribune . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Daniels . Jeff . March 19, 2018 . Californians fed up with housing costs and taxes are fleeing state in big numbers . CNBC . New Jersey . March 20, 2018 .
  63. News: Kotkin . Joel . Cox . Wendell . April 24, 2017 . Leaving California? After slowing, the trend intensifies . Mercury News . Santa Clara . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Collins . Jeff . May 30, 2017 . Why some people are fleeing Southern California . Orange County Register . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Levy . Alon . April 17, 2017 . Low-Income San Diegans Are Getting Pushed to Riverside . Voice of San Diego . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Molnar . Phillip . September 21, 2017 . Would you leave San Diego because of housing costs? . San Diego Union-Tribune . March 20, 2018 .
    News: Bauder . Don . April 9, 2014 . Why more people leave than enter San Diego . San Diego Reader . March 20, 2018 .
  64. News: Dwane Brown . San Diego County Agricultural Industry Thrives . KPBS . San Diego . January 10, 2014 . January 3, 2015 .
  65. News: J. Harry Jones . New rules create 'Chicken Disneyland' . San Diego Union Tribune . January 1, 2015 . January 3, 2015 .
  66. Web site: 2013 Crop Statistics and Annual Report . Ha Dang . 2013 . Sandiegocounty.gov . County of San Diego . January 3, 2014.
  67. Web site: San Diego County Agriculture Facts . . 2014 . sdfarmbureau.org . San Diego Farm Bureau . January 3, 2015.
  68. Web site: San Diego was the first area in California where vineyards were planted and wine produced . 2015 . San Diego Vintners Association . September 21, 2017.
    Web site: How Did San Diego Wine Get Left Behind . DiMarino . Maurice . July 17, 2015 . Maurice's Wine Cru . September 21, 2017.
    Book: Pourade, Richard F. . 1977 . Gold in the Sun . Chapter Eleven: The Rainmaker – And Who Caused the Big Flood? . San Diego . Copley Newspapers .
    Bryant . Mike . July–August 2010 . E. Daneri Otay Winery and Distillery . Bottles and Extras . The Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors . 22–23 . September 21, 2017 .
    Book: Dwight Furrow. Lynn Furrow. San Diego Wine Country: A Tasting Guide. November 22, 2014. BookBaby. 978-1-4835-4599-8. 91–94.
    News: Walter . Susan . November 24, 2012 . The tragedy of Daneri winery . The Star News . Chula Vista . May 12, 2018 .
  69. Wycoff . Ann . September 23, 2016 . The Ultimate San Diego Wine Guide . San Diego Magazine . September 21, 2017 .
  70. Web site: May 11, 2022 . 2021 . California Agricultural Statistics Review 2019-2020 . California Department of Food & Agriculture (cdfa) .
  71. News: San Diego: America's Beer Capital. Elder. Adam. March 2010. San Diego Magazine. November 22, 2014.
  72. News: City News Service. August 5, 2020. Plan To Allow Legal Pot Shops In Unincorporated Areas Dies For Lack Of Support. August 6, 2020. KPBS Public Media. en.
  73. News: Lewis. Connie. Cruise Ships Face Stiffer Anti-Pollution Policies. San Diego Business Journal. September 27, 2004. April 22, 2009.
  74. Web site: San Diego Metro Magazine. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081120011117/http://www.sandiegometro.com/2008/oct/visionaries9.php. November 20, 2008.
  75. Web site: Lin . Dennis . The disappointing Padres drew record attendance in 2023. Will next year be the same? . The Athletic . en.
  76. Web site: Maurer . Pablo . MLS in San Diego: The history, context and next steps . The Athletic . en.
  77. Web site: 2023 NWSL Attendance . Soccer Stadium Digest . en-US.
  78. Web site: 2023 Football Schedule . 2023-07-18 . San Diego Strike Force . en.
  79. Web site: Taking Attendance 4/8/2024: KC is a sunshine brand – kenn.com blog . kenn.com.
  80. Web site: December 29, 2022 . 2American Hockey League 2021-22 Attendance Graph . www.hockeydb.com/.
  81. Web site: 2024-03-11 . Clippers go back to the future by moving G League team to San Diego . 2024-03-11 . www.sportsbusinessjournal.com . en.
  82. Web site: Facts & Figures . December 18, 2022 . admissions.sdsu.edu . en.
  83. Web site: Facts About USD - University of San Diego . December 18, 2022 . www.sandiego.edu . en.
  84. Web site: October 17, 2022 . Jam-packed UC San Diego sets new enrollment record . December 18, 2022 . San Diego Union-Tribune . en-US.
  85. Web site: Fast Facts . December 18, 2022 . CSUSM Fast Facts . en-us.
  86. Web site: University Overview . December 18, 2022 . Point Loma Nazarene University . en.
  87. California Government Code § 23004
  88. Web site: About County Government. Guide to Government. League of Women Voters of California. December 26, 2012.
  89. Web site: Board of Supervisors. Sandiegocounty.gov.
  90. News: Supervisor's shameless self-preservation. June 30, 2011. San Diego Union Tribune. November 28, 2012.
  91. News: Voters Approve Term Limits for Supervisors. Orr. Katie. June 9, 2010. KPBS. November 28, 2012.
  92. News: Dave Roberts brings diversity to the San Diego County supervisors. Perry. Tony. November 23, 2012. Los Angeles Times. November 28, 2012.
  93. Web site: The County Administration Center. San Diego County webpage. January 6, 2013.
  94. Web site: Report of Registration – State Reporting Districts . https://web.archive.org/web/20150501064241/http://www.sdvote.com/voters/Eng/reports/current_reg_report.pdf . dead . May 1, 2015 . September 6, 2014 . sdvote.com . County of San Diego . September 19, 2014 .
  95. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. U.S. Census website. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  96. Web site: Report of Registration as of February 10, 2019. Registration by Political Subdivision by County. State of California.
  97. News: Where to Find Us on Election Day. Libby. Sarah. November 5, 2012. Voice of San Diego. December 28, 2012.
  98. Web site: Amid the celebrations, farewell – The San Diego Union-Tribune. Signsonsandiego.com.
  99. Web site: San Diego County Proposition 8 Results by Community – Jim's Blog. Jamesewelch.com.
  100. Web site: Counties by County and by District . California Citizens Redistricting Commission . September 24, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20130930184128/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_cd_finaldraft_splits.zip . September 30, 2013. dead . mdy-all.
  101. Web site: Communities of Interest — County . California Citizens Redistricting Commission . September 28, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054757/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_ad_finaldraft_splits.zip . October 23, 2015. dead . mdy-all.
  102. Web site: Communities of Interest — County . California Citizens Redistricting Commission . September 28, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054153/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_sd_finaldraft_splits.zip . October 23, 2015. dead . mdy-all.
  103. Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 . Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  104. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  105. United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  106. Web site: San Diego County Board of Education. March 26, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120326080415/http://www.sdcoe.net/distadd.asp. March 26, 2012. dead.
  107. http://www.sdcl.org/aboutus.html County of San Diego: San Diego County Library
  108. http://dbpcosdcsgt.co.san-diego.ca.us/screens/AR2010/index.html San Diego County Library: Annual Report FY 2009–2010
  109. Web site: 2020 census - school district reference map: San Diego County, CA. U.S. Census Bureau. July 20, 2022. - Text list
  110. Web site: San Diego Economy . CityData.com .
  111. Book: Estes, Kenneth W. . 1999 . The Marine Officer's Guide – Sixth Edition . Naval Institute Press . Annapolis, Maryland . 1-55750-567-5 . 176.
  112. Web site: Top 25 U.S. Newspapers for March 2013. Alliance for Audited Media. June 1, 2014.
  113. News: U-T Buys North County Times and Californian . September 10, 2012. San Diego Business Journal. July 2, 2013.
  114. News: U-T buys 8 local community newspapers. Horn. Jonathan. November 1, 2013. San Diego Union Tribune. December 27, 2013.
  115. Web site: About CTN. San Diego County . December 27, 2013.
  116. Web site: University of San Diego. Sandiego.edu. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100125022002/http://www.sandiego.edu/nativeamerican/reservations.html. January 25, 2010.
  117. Web site: 2010 U.S. Census website . . July 10, 2016 .
  118. Web site: Explore Census Data . United States Census Bureau . September 18, 2021.
  119. Web site: Explore Census Data. January 17, 2022. data.census.gov.
  120. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Pala Indian Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113554/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=2635 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  121. Web site: Explore Census Data . data.census.gov.
  122. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : San Pasqual Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719115025/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=3460 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  123. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Rincon Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719114544/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=3165 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  124. Web site: Explore Census Data . August 21, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  125. Web site: Explore Census Data. January 17, 2022. data.census.gov.
  126. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Viejas Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719114448/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=4500 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  127. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Campo Indian Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113530/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=0450 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  128. Web site: Explore Census Data. January 17, 2022. data.census.gov.
  129. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Santa Ysabel Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719114133/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=3550 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  130. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Sycuan Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719123719/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=4090 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  131. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Pauma and Yuima Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719121821/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=2715 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  132. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : La Jolla Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719124544/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1850 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  133. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Manzanita Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113653/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=2115 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  134. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Mesa Grande Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113648/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=2190 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  135. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : La Posta Indian Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719113639/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1895 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  136. Web site: 2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Los Coyotes Reservation . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180719124540/https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1995 . July 19, 2018 . November 7, 2017 . Census.gov .
  137. Web site: Explore Census Data . August 21, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  138. Web site: Explore Census Data . August 21, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  139. Web site: Explore Census Data . August 21, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  140. Web site: Explore Census Data . August 21, 2023 . data.census.gov.
  141. Web site: Explore Census Data . data.census.gov.
  142. Web site: 2005 California Government Code Sections 56010-56081 :: :: :: CHAPTER 2. :: DEFINITIONS . Justia Law . en.
  143. Web site: June 9, 1986 . More New Cities Mean Less Money, Growing Problems for County . March 9, 2021 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  144. Web site: Our History . Sweetwater Valley Civic Association . en.
  145. Web site: June 8, 1988 . Fallbrook Rejects Incorporation . March 9, 2021 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  146. Web site: June 3, 1987 . Rancho Santa Fe Rejects Cityhood : Residents of Wealthy North County Enclave Vote Against Incorporation . March 9, 2021 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  147. Web site: The City of Lemon Grove . August 19, 2021 . Lemon Grove Historical Society . en-US.
  148. Web site: About Encinitas . August 19, 2021 . encinitasca.gov.