| Samzhubzê | |
| Other Name: | Sangzhuzi, Samdruptse |
| Settlement Type: | District |
| Pushpin Map: | Tibet#China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Tibet |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Tibet |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture-level city |
| Subdivision Name2: | Xigazê |
| Seat Type: | District seat |
| Seat: | Chengbei Subdistrict |
| Area Total Km2: | 3654.18 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 158290 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Timezone: | CST |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Xigazê government |
| Coordinates: | 29.267°N 88.88°W |
| Elevation M: | 3836 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 857000 |
| Area Code: | 0892 |
| T: | 桑珠孜區 |
| S: | 桑珠孜区 |
| Psp: | Samdruptse |
| P: | Sāngzhūzī Qū |
| Wylie: | bsam-'grub-rtse chus |
| Zwpy: | Samzhubzê Qü |
| Lhasa: | sə́mʈ͡ʂupt͡si tɕʰŷː |
| Showflag: | p |
| Order: | st |
Samzhubzê District (also spelled Sangzhuzi District, Samdruptse District) is a district in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the China, and the administrative center of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse (Tibetan Pinyin: Xigazê). Prior to 2014 it was known as the county-level city of Shigatse. It was the ancient capital of Ü-Tsang province and is the second largest city in Tibet with an estimated population of 117,000 in 2013. Samzhubzê is located at the confluence of the Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Nyang River (Nyang Chu or Nyanchue), about 250km (160miles) southwest of Lhasa and 90km (60miles) northwest of Gyantse, at an altitude of .
In the 17th century, the city and the dzong was called Samdrubtsé (one of the transliterations of the current name). It was the capital of the Tsang.
In the 19th century, the "Tashi" or Panchen Lama had temporal power over Tashilhunpo Monastery and three small districts, though not over the town of Shigatse itself, which was administered by two Dzongpön (Prefects) appointed from Lhasa.[3] The Tibetan territory was divided into 53 prefecture districts called Dzongs.[4]
There were two Dzongpöns for every Dzong—a lama (Tse-dung) and a layman. They were entrusted with both civil and military powers and are equal in all respects, though subordinate to the generals and the Chinese Amban in military matters.[5] However, there were only one or two Ambans representing the Qing (Manchu) Chinese emperor residing in Lhasa, directing a little garrison, and their power installed since 1728, progressively declined to end-up as observer at the eve of their expulsion in 1912 by the 13th Dalai Lama. In 1952, shortly after the peaceful liberation of Tibet, Shigatse had a population of perhaps 12,000 people, making it the second largest town in Tibet.[6]
In 1959, Shigatse was made the administrative center of an eponymous special district (Chinese: 专区) of Tibet. In 1970 the special district was upgraded to a prefecture and the town designated a county. In 1986 the county became a county-level city, and when the prefecture was again upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 2014, the county-level city was redesignated a district and given the new name of Samzhubzê.[7] On 26 June 2014 Rikaze region upgraded to prefecture-level Rikaze city, the original county-level Rikaze city renamed Samzhubzê District.[8]
Samzhubzê lies on flat terrain surrounded by high mountains, and the urban area is located just south of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The city lies at an elevation of around, and within its administrative area there are five peaks higher than .[9] The city's administrative area ranges in latitude from 29° 07' to 29° 09' N and in longitude from 88° 03' to 89° 08' E.
Samzhubzê has a monsoon-influenced, alpine version of a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with frosty, very dry winters and warm, wet summers. Temperatures are relatively moderate for the Tibetan Plateau, as the annual mean temperature is 6.48°C.[1] Barely any precipitation falls from November to March, when the diurnal temperature variation can frequently exceed 20C-change. Nearly two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August alone. Sunshine is abundant year-round, totaling 3248 hours annually.
Samzhubzê is rich in medicinal herbs, with more than 300 varieties of commonly used medicinal plants, such as Cordyceps, Bayberry, Tianma, Snowdrop, Rhodiola Rosea, Rhubarb, etc.
Shigatse administers two subdistricts and ten townships.
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population (2010)[10] | Area (km2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | |||||||
| Chengbei Subdistrict | Chinese: 城北街道 | 13,110 | 70 | ||||
| Chengnan Subdistrict | Chinese: 城南街道 | 50,857 | 90 | ||||
| Townships | |||||||
| Lhain Township | Chinese: 联乡 | 4,823 | 514 | ||||
| Nyamo Township | Chinese: 年木乡 | 3,347 | 330 | ||||
| Jangdam Township | Chinese: 江当乡 | 4,951 | 304 | ||||
| Benxung Township | Chinese: 边雄乡 | 4,106 | 230 | ||||
| Donggar Township | Chinese: 东嘎乡 | 8,625 | 428 | ||||
| Nyarixung Township | Chinese: 聂日雄乡 | 5,119 | 555 | ||||
| Gyacoxung Township | Chinese: 甲措雄乡 | 11,946 | 471 | ||||
| Qugboxung Township | Chinese: 曲布雄乡 | 5,428 | 310 | ||||
| Qumig Township | Chinese: 曲美乡 | 5,998 | 356 | ||||
| Nar Township | Chinese: 纳尔乡 | 2,064 | 207 | ||||
Samzhubzê contains the huge Tashilhunpo Monastery, founded in 1447 by Gendun Drup, the First Dalai Lama.[11] It is the traditional seat of the Panchen Lamas. Until the Chinese arrived in the 1950s, the "Tashi" or Panchen Lama had temporal power over three small districts, though not over Samzhubzê itself, which was administered by a dzongpön (general) appointed from Lhasa.[3] In the 2nd week of the 5th lunar month (around June/July), Tashilhunpo Monastery is the scene of a 3-day festival and a huge thangka is displayed.[12] The imposing castle, Samdrubtse Dzong or "Shigatse Dzong", was probably built in the 15th century. It looked something like a smaller version of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, and had turret-like fortifications at the ends and a central Red Palace. It used to be the seat of the kings of Ü-Tsang and the capital of the province of Ü-Tsang or Tsang.[13]
The castle was totally dismantled, rock by rock, by hundreds of Tibetans at the instigation of the Chinese in 1961.[14] [15] Between 2005 and 2007, the building was reconstructed, financed by donations from Shanghai. Such "Preservation and Reparation Project of Sangzhutse Fortress of Shigatse City" was completed in May 2007 and was designed by the Construction Design Institute of Shanghai Tongji University. Old photographs served as a basis for the reconstruction, which was executed in concrete.[16] Afterwards, the exterior was to be wainscotted with natural stones. The dzong, which in the 17th century served as a model for the construction of the Potala Palace, is set to become a museum for Tibetan culture.[17] [18]
Nearby attractions include:
