Samuil Abramovich Samosud (Russian: Самуи́л Абра́мович Самосу́д;, Tiflis - 6 November 1964, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian conductor and pedagogue.
He started his musical career as a cellist, before becoming a conductor at the Mariinsky Theatre, Petrograd in 1917. From 1918 to 1936 he conducted at the Maly Operny, Leningrad. In 1936 he became musical director at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow. He founded what became the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra in 1951. He premiered several important works, including Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk, The Nose and the Seventh Symphony; as well as Prokofiev's War and Peace and On Guard for Peace. Shostakovich "had a high opinion" of Samosud's theatrical performances, and regarded him as "the supreme interpreter" of operatic works including Lady Macbeth.[1] Nonetheless, after hearing Samosud conduct the Seventh Symphony, the composer wrote that he wanted to hear Yevgeny Mravinsky perform the symphony, as he didn't "have great faith in Samosud as a symphonic conductor".[2] [3]