| Samuel M. Shortridge | |
| Jr/Sr: | United States Senator |
| State: | California |
| Term Start: | March 4, 1921 |
| Term End: | March 4, 1933 |
| Predecessor: | James D. Phelan |
| Successor: | William G. McAdoo |
| Birth Date: | 3 August 1861 |
| Birth Place: | Mount Pleasant, Iowa, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Atherton, California, U.S. |
| Party: | Republican |
| Relatives: | Clara S. Foltz (sister) Charles M. Shortridge (brother) |
Samuel Morgan Shortridge (August 3, 1861January 15, 1952) was a Republican Senator from California.
Shortridge was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa and moved to California as a child with his family, who settled in San Jose in 1875. He practiced law in San Francisco, California for most of his life.
Shortridge acted as Abe Ruef's attorney during the San Francisco graft trials.[1]
Shortridge was a presidential elector in 1888, 1900, and 1908.[2] He lost the 1914 U.S. Senate Republican primary to veteran congressman Joseph R. Knowland, who was defeated in the general election by James D. Phelan. Shortridge was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1920, riding Warren G. Harding's post World War I "Return to Normalcy" campaign. Defeating Phelan and strong candidates from the Prohibition Party and Socialist Party of America, Shortridge won the general election with 49% of the vote. He was reelected in 1926 with 63% of the vote over Democrat John B. Elliott. He served two full terms before being defeated in a primary in 1932.
Shortridge became a prominent voice for racist anti-Japanese forces in California, declaring that a child of Japanese immigrants would regard "himself or herself as a native of Japan. His heart, his affections go out to the native land of the parent.".[3] Shortridge's claims in 1924 were remarkably similar to some of the justifications made for Japanese internment during World War II.[4] Even some senators who wanted to favor northern and western European immigrants found Shortridge's anti-Japanese position unnecessary.[5]
Shortridge served as a special attorney for the Justice Department in Washington, D.C. from 1939 to 1943.
His sister, Clara S. Foltz, became the first female lawyer in California in 1878, and the first female deputy district attorney in the U.S. in 1910. She helped him campaign for the Senate.
His brother Charles M. Shortridge (1858–1918) was the owner of the San Jose newspaper The Daily Mercury and purchased The San Francisco Call in 1895.[6] [7]
He was a member of the Bohemian Club. (Varied Types by Edward F. O'Day)
He died in Atherton, California.