| Birth Date: | 3 September 1858 |
| Birth Place: | near Waterloo, Alabama, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Marshfield, Missouri, U.S. |
| State: | Missouri |
| Predecessor: | Thomas L. Rubey |
| Successor: | Thomas L. Rubey |
| Termstart: | March 4, 1921 |
| Termend: | March 3, 1923 |
| Party: | Republican |
Samuel Azariah Shelton (September 3, 1858 – September 13, 1948) was a United States Representative from Missouri's 16th congressional district.
Born near Waterloo, Alabama, Shelton moved with his widowed mother to Webster County, Missouri in 1869.
Shelton was elected as a Republican to the 67th Congress (March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1923). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1922 to the 68th Congress.