| Official Name: | Sampa |
| Other Name: | Sikasoko |
| Native Name: | samgba |
| Nickname: | The Border City |
| Settlement Type: | Urban |
| Motto: | Yeyiri Nafana |
| Pushpin Map: | Ghana |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Ghana |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Ghana |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Bono Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Jaman North Municipal |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Population As Of: | 2005 |
| Coordinates: | 7.95°N -44°W |
Sampa is a town in the Bono Region of Ghana, on the border with Côte d'Ivoire. It is the capital of Jaman North District, and was formerly the site of a slave market.[1] It was also the capital of the Akan State of Gyaaman in the late 15th century. It is the largest border town in Ghana with a population of over 36,000.[2] It is the principal town of the Nafana ethnic group. It is the leading producer of cashews in Ghana.
Sampa is derived from two Nafaanra words: Se (Go) and Pa (Come). When the two words are combined as 'Sempa', it means, "When you go, come back". Sempa has now assumed the orthographic form 'Sampa'. Sampa was previously known as Sikasoko, meaning "gold powder", referring to the abundant gold in the area in the past. In the 1890s, when the British and French colonialists established a boundary between their territories, Sikasoko was the headquarters of the Northwestern Ashanti. Before Sunyani became the capital of the Northwestern Ashanti in 1906, Sampa had served as capital of the district, which comprised Jaman, Wenchi, Techiman, Berekum, Wam (Dormaa), Ahafo, Odumasi and Sunyani.[3]
The ancestors of Sampa are said to have migrated from Kakala, a village in Côte d'Ivoire. The migration was necessitated by the trans-Saharan trade that was bringing civilization from the south to the north as well as tribal wars in the area at that time. They were led by Tolee Sie Nyonogboo and Tolee Kra Longo. When they arrived at the Tambi area, the chief of Jamera invited them to help fight the Klolosa tribe in the neighbourhood. Sie Nyonogboo asked Kra Longo and his team to pass through the Banda hills while he and his team took the west direction. It took Sie Nyonogboo and his men a relatively short time to conquer the Klolosa army around the present-day Debibi and Namasa area. After the war, a parcel of land being occupied by the chiefs and people of Sampa today was offered as reward for their role in the war and to further prevent the Klolosa people from attacking Jamera.
The elders of Sampa explain that during the Trans-Saharan trade period, merchants from the south used to ply the main route that passed through Sampa to northern Africa. When they arrived at Sampa, they met the indigenes that wore cloth, a practice which was not common at the time. The merchants preferred to say they were travelling to the land of the cloth-wearing people (Firantoma fo), instead of the specific name of their destination. The word 'Firantoma fo' has been corrupted to 'Fantra fo' by their Bono neighbours, though the people of Sampa find the name 'Fantra fo' as pejorative.[3]
Sampa served also as an important centre during the slave trade era. Bones of the countless slaves that were dumped in a mass grave are still visible at a spot in the nearby town of Jenini. Other items of historical interest in Sampa include the bungalows of the expatriate administrators, a ruined chapel of the Presbyterian Church and a cemetery of the colonial administrators with tombs dating back to the 19th century.[3]
The Sumgbɛɛ and Dwobofie are the royal stool of Sampa's two biggest annual festivals. The former is commemorated in late June or early July to honor the lives and works of the forefathers and mothers. The youth wrestling competition is a highlight of the festival. In September, Dwobofie is held to celebrate the beginning of the new yam season. Eating yam before the celebration is forbidden for the Omanhene (Paramount chief).[4]
Within Sampa and its environs, there are a number of senior high and technical schools. This includes Nafana Presby Senior High, which is considered one of Ghana's best institutions. St. Ann's Senior High School, Our Lady of Fatima Technical Institute, Maranatha Business Senior High School, Diamono Senior High, and Duadaso No. 1 Senior High/Technical School are among the others. The Sampa Nurses' Training College is also located in Sampa.[5]
Sampa has a district hospital, the Sampa Government Hospital, which supports nursing education at the Sampa Nurses' Training College. Sampa also has a number of private hospitals and clinics. The Pieta Hospital, on the Sampa-Kabile road, and Fountain Care Hospital, beside Yankee Radio, are both recommended private medical facilities.[5]
Agriculture, commerce, industrialisation, and service are Sampa's main economic activities. Sampa was a slave market place in Africa during the Atlantic slave trade, and it is now a cashew market center in Ghana. In Sampa, cashew buyers and purchasers from India and Vietnam have warehouses. Cashew nuts are transported to Sampa before being shipped to Tema for export by these enterprises' merchants in Bole, Wenchi, Dormaa, Techiman, Banda, and neighboring Côte d'Ivoire. Mondays are considered market days in Sampa. The Sampa Market is one of the largest in the Bono Region, with foreigners from Côte d'Ivoire and other parts of the country buying and selling goods.[5]