Same-sex marriage in Querétaro explained

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Querétaro since 13 November 2021. On 22 September 2021, the state Congress passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage in Querétaro. The law was published in the state's official gazette on 12 November, and took effect the following day. Previously, same-sex couples could marry in eight of the eighteen municipalities of Querétaro, comprising 60% of the state's population, despite a state law prohibiting same-sex marriage.[1]

Legal history

Background

The Mexican Supreme Court ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual amparos in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory. Specifically, the court ruled that bans on same-sex marriage violate Articles 1 and 4 of the Constitution of Mexico. Article 1 of the Constitution states that "any form of discrimination, based on ethnic or national origin, gender, age, disabilities, social status, medical conditions, religion, opinions, sexual orientation, marital status, or any other form, which violates the human dignity or seeks to annul or diminish the rights and freedoms of the people, is prohibited.",[2] and Article 4 relates to matrimonial equality, stating that "man and woman are equal under the law. The law shall protect the organization and development of the family." (Spanish; Castilian: El varón y la mujer son iguales ante la ley. Esta protegerá la organización y el desarrollo de la familia. in Spanish).

In early 2014, two same-sex couples filed an amparo for the right to marry.[3] A court granted the amparo on 11 August 2014.[4] One of the couples, María Fernanda López Gallegos and Mariana Vega, married in Querétaro City on 4 October 2014,[5] [6] [7] and the second couple, Guillermo and Miguel Ángel, married on 17 January 2015 in the same city.[8] [9] [10] Another amparo was requested in the first week of October 2014.[11] It was successful, and the marriage was performed on 28 January 2015. A fourth same-sex marriage took place on 31 January 2015.[12] An amparo involving 55 people was approved by a federal judge on 23 April 2015. It ensured that if any of the 55 people involved wished to marry their partner, they would be legally permitted to do so.[13] By October 2017, 13 amparos for same-sex marriage rights had been granted in Querétaro.[14]

Legislative action

In September 2014, it was announced that the Congress of Querétaro would be considering a civil union bill drafted by the state's ombudsman, Miguel Nava. Originally conceptualized as a same-sex marriage bill, it was then changed to establish civil unions, offering some of the rights and benefits of marriage.[15] On 28 November 2014, Luis Bernardo Nava Guerrero, president of the Congressional Joint Commission, announced that the legislation would be postponed to 2015,[16] though eventually no vote occurred. On 13 June 2016, Eric Salas González, president of the Congress of Querétaro, said that Congress would wait until same-sex marriage is legislated at the federal level before changing local laws.[17]

On 4 February 2016, the Youth Legislature 2016 approved a motion, in a 38–8 vote, expressing support for same-sex marriage.[18]

A bill legalizing same-sex marriage, same-sex concubinage and adoption by same-sex couples was introduced to Congress by Deputy Laura Patricia Polo Herrera of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) on 19 December 2018.[19] A spokesman for the conservative National Action Party (PAN) expressed support for an analysis and discussion of the draft bill.[20] Progress on the measure stalled over the following three years due to opposition from conservative lawmakers. In November 2020, Deputy Néstor Domínguez Luna urged Congress to discuss and pass the bill,[21] and in March 2021 a federal judge from the Sixth District Court ordered Congress to debate it.[22] On 22 September 2021, Congress approved the bill in a 20–3 vote.[23] [24] [25] The law was published in the state's official gazette on 12 November, and took effect the following day, Saturday 13 November 2021. It was published by Congress rather than Governor Mauricio Kuri, who had refused to sign the bill into law.[26] [27] The first same-sex marriage performed under the law took place in Querétaro City on 3 December 2021 between Osmin Reyes Manzano and Juan Pablo Dorantes.[28]

Article 137 of the Civil Code of Querétaro was amended to read:

Article 273 of the Civil Code relating to concubinage was also amended:

Political partyMembersYesNoAbstain
National Action Party1192
National Regeneration Movement66
Institutional Revolutionary Party431
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico11
Social Encounter Party11
Querétaro Independiente11
Independent11
Total252032

Opponents tried to force a referendum on the legislation. To do this, groups opposed to same-sex marriage had to gather 51,852 valid signatures, representing 3% of the state's voters. In January 2022, the State Electoral Institute (IEEQ) announced that the proposed referendum would not proceed as the groups had only collected 8,186 signatures by the deadline.[29]

Municipalities issuing marriage licenses

Prior to the statewide legalization of same-sex marriage in November 2021, same-sex couples could legally marry without the need to file an amparo in eight municipalities of Querétaro, comprising 60% of the state's population. The civil registrar of Querétaro City announced on 21 July 2015 that the municipality would begin accepting marriage applications from same-sex couples.[30] [31] 7 more municipalities had followed suit by 4 January 2017;[32] they were Amealco de Bonfil, Cadereyta de Montes, Ezequiel Montes, Huimilpan, Pedro Escobedo, San Joaquín, and Tolimán. The municipalities of Colón, Corregidora and Pinal de Amoles reiterated in January 2017 that they explicitly required same-sex couples to receive an amparo in order to get married.[32]

In 2019, in an attempt to stop the issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples in Querétaro City, state authorities launched criminal proceedings against Municipal President Luis Bernardo Nava. The municipality stopped issuing licenses in 2019, but decided to begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples again in May 2021.[33]

Marriage statistics

The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in Querétaro as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.[34] The number of same-sex marriages dropped in 2019 after Querétaro City stopped issuing marriage licenses. Figures for 2020 are also lower than previous years because of the restrictions in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Year ! colspan=3
Same-sexOpposite-sexTotal% same-sex
Female Male Total
20153259,4709,4750.05%
2016146209,0859,1050.22%
20171418329,5559,5870.33%
20182717448,6428,6860.51%
20192578,8488,8550.08%
20204595,6225,6310.16%

Public opinion

A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 54% of Querétaro's residents supported same-sex marriage, while 43% were opposed.[35]

According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 32% of the Querétaro public opposed same-sex marriage.[36]

A 2020 survey by the Autonomous University of Querétaro showed that 63% of Querétaro residents supported same-sex marriage, with support rising to 67% in Querétaro City.[37]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Mexican Supreme Court rules for marriage equality. 6 December 2012. Salon. 20 March 2019. 30 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233237/https://www.salon.com/2012/12/06/mexican_supreme_court_rules_for_marriage_equality/. live.
  2. Web site: Mexico's Constitution of 1917 with Amendments through 2015. www.constituteproject.org. 2022-03-13. 2022-03-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306031605/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_2015.pdf?lang=en. live.
  3. Web site: Amparo a parejas gay. eluniversalqueretaro.mx. 2019-03-20. 2019-04-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20190425054023/http://www.eluniversalqueretaro.mx/metropoli/07-04-2014/amparo-parejas-gay. live.
  4. Web site: Ordenan segunda boda gay en Querétaro. Quadratin. 31 August 2014 . 2019-03-20. 2019-04-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20190425115225/https://queretaro.quadratin.com.mx/Ordenan-segunda-boda-gay-en-Queretaro/. live.
  5. Web site: Primera boda gay será en octubre entre Fernanda y Mariana. oem.com.mx. 2019-03-20. 2016-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080950/http://www.oem.com.mx/diariodequeretaro/notas/n3529981.htm. live.
  6. Web site: Primera boda gay. oem.com.mx. 2019-03-20. 2016-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071138/http://www.oem.com.mx/diariodequeretaro/notas/n3560479.htm. live.
  7. Web site: Realizan primer matrimonio homosexual en Querétaro. Milenio. 4 October 2014. Spanish. 13 November 2020. 7 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220307211924/https://www.milenio.com/estados/realizan-primer-matrimonio-homosexual-en-queretaro. live.
  8. Web site: Primer matrimonio gay en Querétaro. La Silla Rota. 17 January 2015. Spanish. 13 November 2020. 16 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116082055/https://lasillarota.com/primer-matrimonio-gay-en-queretaro/70331. live.
  9. Web site: Celebran primera boda entre dos hombres en Querétaro. ADN Informativo Querétaro @ADNQro. 2019-03-20. 2015-01-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20150118163241/http://adninformativo.mx/celebran-primera-boda-entre-dos-hombres-en-queretaro/. live.
  10. Web site: Pareja de hombres contrae matrimonio en Querétaro. Códice Informativo. 17 January 2015. 20 March 2019. 18 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150118164158/http://codiceinformativo.com/2015/01/pareja-de-hombres-contrae-matrimonio-en-queretaro/. live.
  11. Web site: En trámite, amparo para tercera boda gay. eluniversalqueretaro.mx. 2019-03-20. 2017-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220435/http://www.eluniversalqueretaro.mx/metropoli/10-10-2014/en-tramite-amparo-para-tercera-boda-gay. live.
  12. Web site: Celebran hoy tercera boda gay. Plaza de Armas. 28 January 2015. Plaza de Armas. 28 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150129063141/http://www.plazadearmas.com.mx/noticias/local/2015/01/28/celebran_hoy_tercera_boda_gay_30006_1013.html. 29 January 2015. dead. dmy-all.
  13. Web site: Garantiza juez federal fallo de bodas gay. https://archive.today/20150501002634/http://www.capitalqueretaro.com.mx/?p=420. dead. 2015-05-01. capitalqueretaro.com.mx.
  14. "Hoy anunciamos que obtuvimos 13 sentencias de amparo a favor del #MatrimonioIgualitario en Querétaro."
  15. Web site: Próxima semana se discutirá iniciativa para matrimonios gay - reqrone…. https://archive.today/20140911111144/http://www.reqronexion.com/index.php/proxima-semana-se-discutira-iniciativa-para-matrimonios-gay/. dead. 11 September 2014. 11 September 2014. archive.is.
  16. Web site: Discusión sobre modificaciones legales para permitir matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo no será este año AMQueretaro.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20150101014949/http://amqueretaro.com/2014/11/discusion-sobre-modificaciones-legales-para-permitir-matrimonios-entre-personas-del-mismo-sexo-no-sera-este-ano/.html. dead. 1 January 2015. 1 January 2015.
  17. Web site: » Discusión sobre matrimonio igualitario en Querétaro, solo si se aprueba a nivel federal: Eric Salas. 13 June 2016. 20 March 2019. 8 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164609/https://codiceinformativo.com/2016/06/discusion-sobre-matrimonio-igualitario-en-queretaro-solo-si-se-aprueba-a-nivel-federal-eric-salas/. live.
  18. Web site: » Legislatura Juvenil aprueba matrimonio igualitario en Querétaro. 4 February 2016. 20 March 2019. 8 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180908164545/https://codiceinformativo.com/2016/02/legislatura-juvenil-aprueba-matrimonio-igualitario-en-queretaro/. live.
  19. Web site: Morena pone sobre la mesa iniciativa para bodas gay. por Patricia López. Núñez. Diario de Querétaro. 2019-03-20. 2018-12-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20181220140709/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/morena-pone-sobre-la-mesa-iniciativa-para-bodas-gay-en-queretaro-2820265.html. live.
  20. Web site: Agenda del PAN descarta matrimonios igualitarios. Patricia López. Núñez. Diario de Querétaro. 2019-03-20. 2019-02-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20190221124730/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/agenda-del-pan-descarta-matrimonios-igualitarios-3084539.html. live.
  21. Web site: Reiteran llamado para dictaminar por matrimonio igualitario. Códice Informativo. 10 November 2020. Spanish. 13 November 2020. 11 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111004144/https://codiceinformativo.com/2020/11/reiteran-llamado-para-dictaminar-por-matrimonio-igualitario/. live.
  22. Web site: Ordena juez a diputados legislar sobre el matrimonio igualitario en Querétaro. La Jornada. 24 March 2021. Spanish. 4 April 2021. 16 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210516024359/https://www.jornada.com.mx/notas/2021/03/24/politica/ordena-juez-a-diputados-legislar-sobre-el-matrimonio-igualitario-en-queretaro/. live.
  23. Web site: Congreso de Querétaro dice sí al matrimonio igualitario. Diario de Querétaro. 22 September 2021. es. 23 September 2021. 23 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210923074708/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/queretaro-aprueba-matrimonio-igualitario-bodas-gay-homosexuales-comunidad-lgbt-lesbianas-7246121.html. live.
  24. Web site: Y ya son 23: Querétaro aprueba el matrimonio igualitario. El Financiero. 22 September 2021. es. 23 September 2021. 23 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210923093541/https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/estados/2021/09/22/y-ya-son-23-queretaro-aprueba-el-matrimonio-igualitario/. live.
  25. Web site: Querétaro aprueba el matrimonio igualitario. Forbes. 22 September 2021. es. 2 October 2021. 24 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210924142844/https://www.forbes.com.mx/queretaro-aprueba-el-matrimonio-igualitario/. live.
  26. Web site: Reforman matrimonio. Plaza de Armas. 12 November 2021. es. 14 November 2021. 14 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211114100320/https://plazadearmas.com.mx/reforman-matrimonio/. live.
  27. Web site: Matrimonio igualitario ya es legal en Querétaro. Diario de Querétaro. 12 November 2021. es. 14 November 2021. 12 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112191448/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/matrimonio-igualitario-ya-es-legal-en-queretaro-7468573.html. live.
  28. Web site: Se realiza primer matrimonio igualitario sin amparo en Querétaro. Quadratin Querétaro. 3 December 2021. es. 4 December 2021. 4 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211204111228/https://queretaro.quadratin.com.mx/se-realiza-primer-matrimonio-igualitario-sin-amparo-en-queretaro/. live.
  29. Web site: IEEQ rechaza referéndum contra unión homosexual. Diario de Querétaro. 26 January 2022. es. 28 January 2022. 28 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220128231130/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/ieeq-rechaza-referendum-contra-union-homosexual-7778983.html. live.
  30. Web site: En Querétaro parejas homosexuales ya no necesitan amparo para casarse. Jovana. Espinoza. 21 July 2015. 7 April 2019. 7 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407075630/https://rotativo.com.mx/portada/430808-en-queretaro-parejas-homosexuales-ya-no-necesitan-amparo-para-casarse/. live.
  31. Web site: Matrimonios gay sin amparo en la capital. Diario de Querétaro. 28 February 2020. Spanish. 13 November 2020. 13 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200813192130/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/matrimonios-gay-sin-amparo-en-la-capital-4898838.html. live.
  32. Web site: » Pese a que diputados se niegan a legislar, en 8 municipios de Querétaro permiten matrimonio igualitario sin amparo. 4 January 2017. 20 March 2019. 16 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170116160407/https://codiceinformativo.com/2017/01/pese-a-que-diputados-se-niegan-a-legislar-en-8-municipios-de-queretaro-permiten-matrimonio-igualitario-sin-amparo/. live.
  33. Web site: Aún sin reformas, Registro Civil de Querétaro ya permite el matrimonio Igualitario. adninformativo.mx. 5 July 2021. es. 6 July 2021. 5 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210705153017/https://adninformativo.mx/aun-sin-reformas-registro-civil-de-queretaro-ya-permite-el-matrimonio-igualitario/. live.
  34. Web site: Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo. INEGI. Spanish. 2020-02-04. 2020-10-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017070006/https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/olap/Proyectos/bd/continuas/nupcialidad/Matrimonios.asp?s%20=%20est&c%20=%2012239&proy%20=%20matrim_mat. live.
  35. Encuesta nacional 2017, Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica
  36. Web site: ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay?. El Sol de México. 15 April 2019. es. 1 September 2019. 16 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416181618/https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/sociedad/data-quien-esta-en-contra-del-matrimonio-gay-3324691.html. live.
  37. Web site: Ciudadanos avalan matrimonio igualitario en Querétaro: ONG. Diario de Querétaro. 12 November 2020. Spanish. 13 November 2020. 12 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112235256/https://www.diariodequeretaro.com.mx/local/ciudadanos-avalan-matrimonio-igualitario-en-queretaro-ong-matrimonios-igualitarios-frente-queretano-encuestas-iniciativa-legislatura-noticias-queretaro-6007961.html. live.

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