Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire explained

Same-sex marriage has been legal in New Hampshire since January 1, 2010, based on legislation signed into law by Governor John Lynch on June 3, 2009. The law provided that civil unions, which the state had established on January 1, 2008, would be converted to marriages on January 1, 2011, unless dissolved, annulled, or converted to marriage before that date.

New Hampshire was the fourth state in New England and the fifth in the country, after Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa and Vermont, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Civil unions

Following the first same-sex marriages in Massachusetts in May 2004, New Hampshire established a 14-member commission to consider the question of civil recognition of same-sex relationships. The group, composed of legislators, politicians, and activists, reported its findings in November 2005. By a 7–4 vote, it recommended modifying the Constitution of New Hampshire to restrict marriage to heterosexual unions, reinforcing the state's statutory definition of marriage to prevent the judiciary from finding a constitutional requirement that same-sex couples be allowed to wed. Their report opposed as well the idea of civil unions like those recognized in Vermont in July 2000. The commission proposed instead certificates that would guarantee certain rights like hospital visitation, but no financial benefits. The certificates would be available to siblings, parents, and children as well. The commission members who dissented said it spent too much time hearing attacks on the morality of homosexuality. The chairman, Tony Soltani, a Republican member of the state House of Representatives, said; "If we redefined marriage, we'd be tarred and feathered, but if we give them some rights, it will be accepted." He said homosexuality could not be compared to race, because it is an "acquired behavior" or a "combination of both nature and nurture." He added: "I know it's not a long-term solution, but it is something a child can point to and say, my representatives say I'm OK, and I'm not a freak."[1] [2]

Democrats became the majority party in the New Hampshire General Court in the 2006 general election. Both Democratic and Republican legislators proposed legislation to grant same-sex couples greater civil rights. The proposals ranged from allowing a couple to enter into a "contractual cohabitation", a "civil union", a "spousal union", or a same-sex marriage. Governor John Lynch opposed same-sex marriage, but indicated that he was receptive to discussing civil unions as a means of granting certain rights to same-sex couples.[3]

In early 2007, the General Court briefly considered a bill authorizing same-sex marriage until Democratic leaders assigned it to a study committee.[4] On April 4, 2007, by a vote of 243 to 129, the New Hampshire House passed a civil union bill that gave partners in same-sex civil unions the same "rights, responsibilities and obligations" as heterosexual married couples.[5] [6] [7] Lynch took no public position until April 19, when he said that he would sign legislation establishing civil unions for same-sex couples because he believed "it is a matter of conscience, fairness and preventing discrimination."[4] [8] On April 26, 2007, the New Hampshire Senate approved the civil union bill 14–10 on a party line vote.[9] [10] [11] On May 31, 2007, Governor Lynch signed the civil union bill into law,[12] [13] making New Hampshire "the first state to embrace same-sex unions without a court order or the threat of one."[11] The law took effect on January 1, 2008.[14] Licenses for civil unions became available on December 10, 2007,[15] [16] allowing civil unions to be formalized in the very early hours of January 1, 2008. Deputy Secretary of State David Scanlan said, "As far as we're concerned, everything is on schedule."[15]

The first civil unions were formed throughout New Hampshire just after midnight on January 1, 2008. The largest gathering occurred on the steps of the State House in Concord. An estimated 40 couples participated as 200-300 friends, family and onlookers observed. The event drew one protester who "quietly handed out a statement calling all sex outside of heterosexual marriage a sin."[17]

Under the New Hampshire civil union law, same-sex civil unions or marriages conducted in other jurisdictions were recognized as civil unions in New Hampshire.[18] Representative Maureen Mooney introduced legislation to repeal that portion of the civil union law, but her proposal was deemed inexpedient to legislate, a legislative procedure equivalent to not passing the bill out of committee.[19] [20]

Rights and limitations

Though the civil union law intended to provide "all the rights and ... obligations and responsibilities provided for in state law that apply to parties who are joined together,"[21] they actually entailed a more limited set of benefits and limitations.[22] [23] [24] The benefits included:[23]

The limitations associated with civil unions included:[23]

Same-sex marriage

In 1987, New Hampshire modified its statutes to make same-sex marriages invalid.[25]

On March 18, 2009, the House Judiciary Committee sent a same-sex marriage bill, HB 436, to the floor of the House of Representatives without a recommendation following a tied 10–10 vote.[26] On March 26, the House voted 182–183, but after a motion to reconsider the first vote, the measure passed 186–179.[27] On April 23, the Senate Judiciary Committee by a vote of 3–2 recommended that the Senate defeat the bill, but a week later the Senate approved an amended version of the bill 13–11.[28] The amended bill passed the House on May 6, 2009. Governor John Lynch had yet to take a position on the legislation,[29] [30] and had five days to exercise his veto.[31] The bill recognized out-of-state civil unions as marriages. Couples who had entered into civil unions would be able to apply for a marriage license; however, if they did not apply for a marriage certificate their civil unions would automatically be converted to marriages on January 1, 2011.[32]

On May 14, Lynch, though personally opposed to same-sex marriages, said he would sign the bill provided it contained increased protections for churches against lawsuits if they refuse to marry same-sex couples.[33] [34] Legislative leaders indicated on the same day that they would allow the changes.[35] On May 20, 2009, the Senate passed the changes 14–10 along party lines, but the House unexpectedly failed to agree later in the day by a vote of 188–186.[36] Opponents in that body tried to kill the bill, but failed 173 to 202.[37] The House then voted 207–168 to ask the Senate to negotiate a compromise.[37] On May 29, the two chambers reached a compromise with some minor changes that Lynch approved.[38] The revised legislation was approved 14–10 by the Senate and 198–176 by the House on June 3 and signed by Governor Lynch shortly thereafter.[39] [40] [41] Lynch was the second governor in the United States to sign a bill to legalize same-sex marriage, the first being John Baldacci of Maine. The definition of marriage in New Hampshire became:[42]

Transition from civil unions to marriage

From January 1, 2010, no new civil unions are established in the state.[43] Parties to a valid civil union established before that date were able to have their marriages solemnized, provided they met the legal requirements of the state marriage laws. Additionally, such persons in civil unions established before January 1, 2010 were able to record their civil unions with the town or city clerk who recorded the civil union and receive a marriage license, with no additional fee or solemnization required. A civil union entered into before January 1, 2010, that had not been dissolved, annulled, or transformed into a marriage, was automatically converted to a marriage on January 1, 2011.[32]

Repeal efforts

In 2010, the General Court considered two repeal proposals, a bill to repeal both the same-sex marriage law and the state's 2007 civil union law and a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage.[44] [45] [46] The House defeated both of them on February 17, 2010.[47] [48] [49]

On October 25, 2011, the House Judiciary Committee voted 11–6 for a bill repealing same-sex marriage and establishing civil unions far more limited than the state's earlier civil unions. The new civil unions would not be covered by the state's anti-discrimination law and no one would be required to recognize them as the equivalent of opposite-sex marriages. The bill's effect on same-sex marriages already performed in the state was disputed.[50] In January 2012, Representative David Bates, the principal sponsor of the legislation,[51] said the bill would be the first legislative repeal of same-sex marriage in the U.S.,[52] but Governor John Lynch announced he would veto any repeal of the state's same-sex marriage statute.[53] New Hampshire Republicans were generally identified with the repeal effort and they controlled the 400-member House by a 3–1 margin. The Nashua Telegraph termed the failure of the repeal effort in March 2012 "a shocking setback". The House defeated a series of attempts to modify the bill to attract moderate support by providing same-sex couples with an alternative to marriage. Bates' own amendment to delay the bill's effective date until March 31 so a non-binding referendum on the issue of same-sex marriage could be held in November failed on a vote of 188–162,[54] with 96 of the chamber's 293 Republicans voting against the referendum.[55] Opposing the referendum, Representative Shawn Jasper, then the House Deputy Majority Leader, said: "We are the most representative body in the country, if not the world. If we feel the need to go to our constituents and ask them a question, we are clearly in trouble."[54] On March 21, 2012, the House defeated the bill on a vote of 211 to 116.[56] Democrat Maggie Hassan, a supporter of same-sex marriage, ran against the General Court's record and won election as governor in November 2012,[57] and Democrats took control of the House.[58]

Later legislation

For several years following the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Hampshire, the state statutes invalidated any marriage contracted in New Hampshire by non-residents if their intended state of residence would not recognize the validity of the marriage if contracted within its own jurisdiction.[59] On July 10, 2014, Governor Hassan signed legislation designed to clarify the status of same-sex marriages. It established that same-sex marriages from other jurisdictions are recognized by New Hampshire as valid from the date they were contracted, even if they pre-dated New Hampshire's recognition of same-sex marriage; that New Hampshire recognizes the same-sex marriages of non-residents whether or not their home jurisdiction recognizes the marriage; and allows those in civil unions in other jurisdictions to marry in New Hampshire without first dissolving their civil union.[60] [61] [62]

In May 2018, the General Court passed legislation establishing a uniform, minimum marriageable age at 16. The bill allows same-sex partners to marry from the age of 16; previously same-sex couples could only marry from the age of 18, while heterosexual partners could marry at 13 for women and 14 for men.[63] [64] On June 18, 2018, Governor Chris Sununu signed the bill into law,[65] and it went into effect on January 1, 2019.

Economic impact

A University of California, Los Angeles study from March 2009 estimated the impact of allowing same-sex couples to marry on New Hampshire's state budget. The study concluded that allowing same-sex couples to marry, as opposed to the old civil union scheme, would result in a net gain of approximately $500,000 each year for the state.[66] This net impact would be the result of savings in expenditures on state means-tested public benefits programs and an increase in meals and room tax revenues from increased wedding-related tourism.

Demographics and marriage statistics

Data from the 2000 U.S. census showed that 2,703 same-sex couples were living in New Hampshire. By 2005, this had increased to 5,578 couples, likely attributed to same-sex couples' growing willingness to disclose their partnerships on government surveys. Same-sex couples lived in all counties of the state, and constituted 0.9% of coupled households and 0.6% of all households in the state. Most couples lived in Hillsborough, Rockingham and Merrimack counties, but the counties with the highest percentage of same-sex couples were Cheshire (0.63% of all county households) and Belknap (0.61%). Same-sex partners in New Hampshire were on average younger than opposite-sex partners, and more likely to be employed. However, the average and median household incomes of same-sex couples were lower than different-sex couples, and same-sex couples were also far less likely to own a home than opposite-sex partners. 19% of same-sex couples in New Hampshire were raising children under the age of 18, with an estimated 1,614 children living in households headed by same-sex couples in 2005.[67]

At the end of 2008, after the civil union law had been in effect for one year, approximately 600 civil union licenses had been issued by the state, while approximately 8,700 marriage licenses were issued by the state during the same period.[68] [69]

By spring 2012, 1,900 same-sex couples had married in New Hampshire. This had increased to 2,329 couples by June 2013.[70] The 2020 U.S. census showed that there were 3,508 married same-sex couple households (1,277 male couples and 2,231 female couples) and 1,987 unmarried same-sex couple households in New Hampshire.[71]

Public opinion

Public opinion for same-sex marriage in New Hampshire
Poll sourceDates administeredSample sizeMargin of errorSupportOppositionDo not know / refused
Public Religion Research InstituteMarch 9 – December 7, 2023170 adults± 0.82%23%2%
Public Religion Research InstituteMarch 11 – December 14, 2022??17%1%
Public Religion Research InstituteMarch 8 – November 9, 2021??23%1%
Public Religion Research InstituteJanuary 7 – December 20, 2020238 adults?18%<0.5%
Public Religion Research InstituteApril 5 – December 23, 2017311 adults?22%5%
Public Religion Research InstituteMay 18, 2016 – January 10, 2017432 adults?19%11%
Public Religion Research InstituteApril 29, 2015 – January 7, 2016369 adults?19%8%
Bloomberg Politics/Saint Anselm New Hampshire PollMay 2–6, 2015952 likely voters?24%9%
Public Religion Research InstituteApril 2, 2014 – January 4, 2015219 adults?19%6%
New York Times/CBS News/YouGovSeptember 20 – October 1, 20141260 likely voters± 3.0%24%13%
Public Policy PollingJanuary 9–12, 20141,354 voters± 2.7%29%11%
Public Policy PollingSeptember 13–16, 20131,038 voters± 3.0%32%13%
Nelson A. Rockefeller CenterApril 22–25, 2013433 registered voters ± 4.7%30%15%
Public Policy PollingMay 10–13, 20121,163 voters± 2.9%35%8%
Nelson A. Rockefeller CenterApril 2–5, 2012403 registered voters ± 4.9%31%14%
Public Policy PollingJune 30 – July 5, 2011622 voters± 3.8%38%11%
Nelson A. Rockefeller CenterApril 11–14, 2011426 registered voters ± 4.8%42%42%16%
Greenberg Quinlan Rosner ResearchJanuary 30 – February 3, 2011622 voters± 3.9%34%7%
University of New Hampshire Survey Center/New Hampshire Freedom to MarryApril 13–22, 2009491 voters?39%6%
University of New Hampshire Survey CenterFebruary 2004????
University of New Hampshire Survey CenterMay 2003????

Notes:

A University of New Hampshire Survey Center poll conducted in February 2004 found that 64% of New Hampshire residents opposed a federal constitutional amendment that would ban same-sex marriage.[72] However, a later survey in February 2005 by Research 2000 for the Concord Monitor showed that 51% of likely voters in the state supported such a federal constitutional amendment.[72]

A University of New Hampshire Survey Center poll taken between January 27 and February 6, 2011 found that 62% of New Hampshire residents opposed the new Republican-dominated General Court's efforts to repeal the 2009 law legalizing same-sex marriage, with only 29% in favor of repeal. In addition, 51% voiced strong opposition to repeal.[73] [74] A poll conducted between January 30 and February 3, 2011 by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research showed that 63% of residents opposed the bill repealing same-sex marriage, while 29% supported it.[75] [76] Another University of New Hampshire Survey Center poll, conducted between September 26 and October 2, 2011, showed that 62% of state residents were against repealing same-sex marriage, while 27% were in favor.[77] [78]

A Voter Consumer Research poll conducted on December 11–15, 2011 found that 64% of New Hampshire voters opposed repealing same-sex marriage, while 31% supported it.[79] A University of New Hampshire Survey Center poll conducted between January 25 and February 2, 2012 found that 59% of New Hampshire voters were against repealing same-sex marriage, while 32% were in favor.[80] A further University of New Hampshire Survey Center poll, conducted between August 1 and 12, 2012, found that 61% of New Hampshire voters were against repealing same-sex marriage, while 28% supported it.[81]

A July 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 80% of respondents supported legal recognition for same-sex couples, with 45% supporting same-sex marriage and 35% supporting civil unions, while only 19% thought that there should be no legal recognition and 1% were not sure.[82] A May 2012 survey by the same polling organization found that 85% of respondents supported legal recognition for same-sex couples, with 54% supporting same-sex marriage and 31% supporting civil unions, while only 13% thought that there should be no legal recognition and 2% were not sure.[83]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Russell . Jenna . N.H. Panel Would Bar Gays from Marrying . August 13, 2013 . Boston Globe . November 24, 2005 . July 15, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140715033025/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2005/11/24/nh_panel_would_bar_gays_from_marrying/ . live .
  2. News: Wang. Beverly. N.H. gay marriage commission faces obstacles to finish report. August 13, 2013. Bangor Daily News. May 9, 2005. July 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233504/http://archive.bangordailynews.com/2005/05/09/n-h-gay-marriage-commission-faces-obstacles-to-finish-report/. live.
  3. Liebowitz, Sarah. (March 5, 2007) Gay unions could gain support Concord Monitor. Accessed April 11, 2007.
  4. News: Wangsness. Lisa. Civil unions advance in N.H.. August 13, 2013. Boston Globe. April 20, 2007. July 15, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140715033517/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/04/20/civil_unions_advance_in_nh/. live.
  5. http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2007/04/05/nh_house_approves_civil_union_measure/ N.H. House approves civil union measure
  6. Web site: New Hampshire House passes civil union bill . April 5, 2007 . January 11, 2016 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110355/http://jurist.org/paperchase/2007/04/new-hampshire-house-passes-civil-union.php . live .
  7. Moskowitz, Eric. (April 5, 2007) N.H. House passes civil unions Concord Monitor. Accessed April 11, 2007.
  8. Web site: New Hampshire governor says he'll sign civil union bill . April 20, 2007 . January 11, 2016 . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160817144448/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/New-Hampshire-governor-says-he-ll-sign-civil-2600631.php . live .
  9. News: Belluck. Pam. New Hampshire Senate Votes to Allow Same-Sex Civil Unions. July 14, 2014. New York Times. April 27, 2007. June 5, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150605103814/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/27/us/27civil.html. live.
  10. News: New Hampshire lawmakers approve gay civil unions . Reuters . April 27, 2007 . July 1, 2017 . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160817172006/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-gays-newhampshire-idUSN2648255520070427 . live .
  11. Wang, Beverley. (April 26, 2007) State Senate approves civil unions for same-sex couples Concord Monitor. Accessed April 26, 2007.
  12. Web site: N.H. governor signs civil unions bill . January 11, 2016 . October 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161002005747/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-05-31-civil-unions_N.htm . live .
  13. Web site: New Hampshire law makes same-sex civil unions legal . January 11, 2016 . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305081032/http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2007/06/01/new_hampshire_law_makes_same_sex_civil_unions_legal/ . live .
  14. http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=333&sy=2007&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2007&txtbillnumber=HB437&q=1 Docket of HB437
  15. Fahey, Tom. (November 25, 2007) State House Dome: Date set for civil union licenses New Hampshire Union Leader. Accessed November 25, 2007.
  16. AP. (November 25, 2007) Civil unions license available by Dec. 10 Concord Monitor. Accessed November 25, 2007.
  17. Timmins, Annmarie. (January 1, 2008) Same-sex couples say 'I Do' just after midnight Concord Monitor. Accessed January 3, 2008.
  18. (4 April 2007) House Bill: 437-FN-LOCAL New Hampshire General Court (State Legislature). Accessed 29 August 2007.
  19. http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2008/HB1415.html HB 1415 Text
  20. http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/index/indexstatus.asp?expbillno=hb1415&txtsessionyear=2008 HB 1415 Legislative History
  21. http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2007/hb0437.html HB 437-FN-L Text
  22. (December 31, 2007) N.H. Civil Unions Have Protections, Pitfalls WMUR-TV. Accessed January 3, 2008.
  23. AP. (January 2, 2008) Benefits and pitfalls for gay couples Concord Monitor. Accessed January 3, 2008.
  24. AP. (January 2, 2008) N.H. same-sex unions: promise and reality Chicago Tribune. Accessed January 3, 2008.
  25. http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XLIII/457/457-1.htm 457:1 Marriages Prohibited; Men
  26. Web site: HB436 Docket report . May 12, 2009 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021415/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=8&sy=2009&sortoption=billnumber&txtsessionyear=2009&txtbillnumber=hb436 . live .
  27. http://www.wmur.com/news/19019103/detail.html House Approves Same-Sex Marriage After Bill Initially Fails
  28. News: Goodnough. Abby. New Hampshire Senate Passes Gay Marriage Bill. February 28, 2014. New York Times. April 29, 2009. September 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220903220133/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/us/30marriage.html. live.
  29. News: Adams. Glenn. Maine legalizes gay marriage; N.H. Legislature votes in favor. February 28, 2014. Seacoast Online. May 6, 2009.
  30. News: Love. Norma. NH House approves gay marriage. February 28, 2014. Boston Globe. March 26, 2009. November 5, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105194226/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2009/03/26/nh_house_to_vote_on_gay_marriage/. live.
  31. (May 10, 2009) Same-sex marriage bill in limbo Nashua Telegraph.
  32. Web site: HB 436-FN-LOCAL – Version Adopted by Both Bodies. May 15, 2009. April 10, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090410081608/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2009/hb0436.html. live.
  33. News: Eric . Moskowitz . N.H. set to OK same-sex marriage . Boston.com . 2009-05-15 . January 11, 2016 . October 29, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151029083553/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2009/05/15/nh_set_to_ok_same_sex_marriage/ . live .
  34. Web site: Governor Lynch Statement Regarding Same-Sex Marriage Legislation. 14 May 2009. Office of the Governor. https://web.archive.org/web/20120306030843/http://www.governor.nh.gov/media/news/2009/051409same.htm. 6 March 2012.
  35. News: New Hampshire Pact Near on Same-Sex Marriage . The New York Times . May 14, 2009 . February 23, 2017 . December 29, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229043025/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/15/us/15marriage.html?hp . live . Goodnough . Abby .
  36. News: New Hampshire lawmakers reject gay-marriage bill . Reuters . May 20, 2009 . July 1, 2017 . October 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201023115029/https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN2050926720090520 . live .
  37. http://www.baywindows.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=glbt&sc2=news&sc3=&id=91443 New Hampshire House balks on marriage equality bill
  38. https://web.archive.org/web/20090602190115/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2009/05/29/compromise_reached_on_nh_gay_marriage_bill/ Compromise reached on NH gay marriage bill
  39. News: New Hampshire Approves Same-Sex Marriage . The New York Times . June 3, 2009 . February 23, 2017 . July 20, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170720045754/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us/04marriage.html . live . Goodnough . Abby .
  40. https://web.archive.org/web/20120306030948/http://www.governor.nh.gov/media/news/2009/060309_marriage.htm Governor Lynch Statement Regarding Same-Sex Marriage Legislation Signed Into Law Today
  41. News: Manuse. Andrew J.. New Hampshire legalizes gay marriage. July 17, 2013. Reuters. June 3, 2009. December 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151223010141/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-gaymarriage-newhampshire-idUSTRE5526NV20090603. live.
  42. Web site: New Hampshire Statutes Marriage Laws . www.gencourt.state.nh.us . March 7, 2016 . February 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220202154646/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XLIII/457/457-1-a.htm . live .
  43. Web site: HOUSE BILL 73 AN ACT affirming religious freedom protections with regard to marriage and prohibiting the establishment of civil unions on or after January 1, 2010. . June 4, 2009 . May 2, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090502184305/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2009/hb0073.html . live .
  44. News: McCord. Michael. Amendment bid aims to stop gay marriage in N.H.. July 17, 2013. Seacoast Online. January 19, 2010. September 19, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120919154752/http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20100119-NEWS-1190398. live.
  45. Web site: CACR28 . January 11, 2016 . September 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903220134/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/scrap/scrape.html . live .
  46. Web site: HB1590 - Bill Status . January 11, 2016 . September 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903220135/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/scrap/scrape.html . live .
  47. Web site: No Repeal to NH Gay Marriage Law, No to a Constitutional Amendment . January 14, 2016 . January 14, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160114122142/http://www.londonderrynh.net/2010/02/no-repeal-to-nh-gay-marriage-law-no-to-a-constitutional-amendment/17680 . live .
  48. https://web.archive.org/web/20100223192117/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2010/02/17/nh_house_voting_on_gay_marriage_repeal_measures/ NH House rejects 2 anti-gay marriage measures
  49. Web site: New Hampshire House rejects bills aimed at repealing gay marriage . February 17, 2010 . January 14, 2016 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034154/http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2010/02/new-hampshire-house-rejects-bills-aimed-at-repealing-gay-marriage/ . live .
  50. News: NH panel votes to recommend gay marriage repeal . Norma . Love . Boston Globe . October 25, 2011 . . October 29, 2011 . October 28, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111028221234/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2011/10/25/nh_panel_to_vote_on_gay_marriage_repeal_bill/ . live .
  51. Web site: HB437 . January 11, 2016 . September 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903220135/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/scrap/scrape.html . live .
  52. News: Berger. Judson. Same-Sex marriage faces test in New Hampshire as lawmakers consider repeal. August 13, 2013. Fox News. January 14, 2012. September 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130904032439/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/14/same-sex-marriage-faces-test-in-new-hampshire-as-lawmakers-consider-repeal/. live.
  53. News: Gay marriage repeal bill no sure bet . January 29, 2012 . Concord Monitor . February 1, 2012 . September 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903220136/https://www.concordmonitor.com/Archive/2012/01/999691922-999691923-1201-CM . live .
  54. News: Landrigan. Kevin. House kills effort to repeal same-sex marriage, law to stay on the books. August 15, 2013. Nashua Telegraph. March 22, 2012. July 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150724114644/http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/newsstatenewengland/954313-227/house-kills-effort-to-repeal-same-sex-marriage.html. live.
  55. News: Love. Norma. Gay marriage will be issue in NH's fall elections. August 13, 2013. Boston Globe. March 22, 2012. March 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120325170923/http://www.boston.com/news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2012/03/22/gay_marriage_will_be_issue_in_nhs_fall_elections/. live.
  56. News: Geiger. Kim. New Hampshire House rejects repeal of gay marriage law. August 13, 2013. Los Angeles Times. March 21, 2012. August 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130811215828/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/21/news/la-pn-new-hampshire-house-kills-repeal-of-gay-marriage-law-20120321. live.
  57. News: Schweitzer. Sarah. Obama wins N.H.; Hassan elected governor. August 15, 2013. Boston Globe. November 6, 2012. June 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150603081743/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2012/11/07/swing-state-new-hampshire-could-set-early-tone/ctRgadIIXSy1wo6LXizvgP/singlepage.html. live.
  58. Web site: Timmins. Annmarie. Democrats take control of N.H. House and make big gains in the Senate. January 11, 2016. Concord Monitor. November 8, 2012. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120235/http://www.concordmonitor.com/news/localstate/2699750-95/democrats-rep-republican-republicans. live.
  59. Web site: New Hampshire Revised Statutes Online, Chapter 457 Marriages, Sections 457:43 and 457:44. October 11, 2013. September 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130909124242/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/xliii/457/457-mrg.htm. live.
  60. News: N.H. governor signs bill to update law on same-sex marriage recognition. January 11, 2016. LGBTQ Nation. Associated Press. July 11, 2014. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025007/http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2014/07/n-h-governor-signs-bill-to-update-law-on-same-sex-marriage-recognition/. live.
  61. Web site: Governor Hassan's Statement on Signing SB 394. July 10, 2014. Governor of New Hampshire. July 14, 2014. July 15, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140715041133/http://www.governor.nh.gov/media/news/2014/pr-2014-07-10-sb-394.htm. live.
  62. Web site: SB 394 – Version Adopted by Both Bodies. New Hampshire General Court. July 14, 2014. September 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040608/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2014/SB0394.html. live.
  63. Web site: HB1587 . October 27, 2018 . August 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200827003750/http://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/Bill_docket.aspx?lsr=2362&sy=2018&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2018&txtbillnumber=HB1587 . live .
  64. Web site: "Barrington teen 'proud' as bill to raise minimum marriage age expected to become law" . May 4, 2018 . October 27, 2018 . June 19, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180619193027/http://www.concordmonitor.com/Child-marriage-passes-in-New-Hampshire-Senate-17276892 . live .
  65. Web site: "Sununu Signs Bill Raising Marriage Age in N.H." . June 18, 2018 . October 27, 2018 . October 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181024083353/http://www.nhpr.org/post/sununu-signs-bill-raising-marriage-age-nh#stream/0 . live .
  66. Web site: The Impact on New Hampshire's Budget of Allowing Same-Sex Couples to Marry . November 2005 . April 21, 2009 . June 15, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090615210714/http://repositories.cdlib.org/uclalaw/williams/badgett_7/ . live . Badgett . M. V. Lee . Sears . Brad . Kukura . Elizabeth .
  67. Web site: Census Snapshot. August 30, 2022. Williams Institute.
  68. AP. (January 9, 2009) 600 civil unions in first year for N.H. Concord Monitor. Accessed January 11, 2009.
  69. Web site: HB 73 Bill Status . June 2, 2009 . January 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220121010325/http://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=317&sy=2009&sortoption=billnumber&txtsessionyear=2009&txtbillnumber=hb73 . live .
  70. Web site: How many same-sex marriages in the U.S.? At least 71,165, probably more . September 14, 2016 . September 5, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905100204/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/06/26/how-many-same-sex-marriages-in-the-u-s-at-least-71165-probably-more/ . live .
  71. Web site: PCT1405 Couple Households, By Type. 11 December 2023. United States Census Bureau.
  72. Web site: Recent State Polls on Same-Sex Marriage & Civil Unions . January 12, 2016 . November 13, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141113031637/http://www.thetaskforce.org/static_html/downloads/reports/reports/May2005StatePolls.pdf . live .
  73. Web site: Social Issues in NH: Little Support for Repeal of Gay Marriage, Support for Parental Notification . January 12, 2016 . January 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160102085339/http://cola.unh.edu/sites/cola.unh.edu/files/research_publications/gsp2011_winter_issues020911.pdf . live .
  74. Web site: Poll Shows Support For Same-Sex Marriage In NH . February 9, 2011 . January 12, 2016 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100938/http://www.wmur.com/Poll-Shows-Support-For-Same-Sex-Marriage-In-NH/11855782 . live .
  75. Web site: New Hampshire Voters Strongly Oppose Repealing Law that Allows Gay and Lesbian Couples to Marry . January 12, 2016 . August 21, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160821235901/http://www.gqrr.com/articles/2011/02/11/new-hampshire-voters-strongly-oppose-repealing-law-that-allows-gay-and-lesbian-couples-to-marry . live .
  76. Web site: New Hampshire Freedom to Marry Frequency Questionnaire . January 12, 2016 . September 19, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160919042729/http://static.squarespace.com/static/53347cbfe4b005ac7b3746ca/53fcdeffe4b0dedf238b5707/53fcdf47e4b0dedf238b64a7/1409081159594/images_Blog_posts_documents_2011_NH_Freedom_to_Marry_Results_2.11.2011.pdf?format=original . live .
  77. Web site: NH Opposed to Repeal of Gay Marriage . January 12, 2016 . January 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160107224955/https://cola.unh.edu/sites/cola.unh.edu/files/research_publications/gsp2011_fall_gaymarriage101311.pdf . live .
  78. Web site: Poll Shows Little Support For Repealing Same-Sex Marriage . April 2, 2012 . January 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120118064946/http://www.wmur.com/r/29476349/detail.html . live .
  79. Web site: Poll: 64% Oppose Repeal of Same Sex Marriage . January 12, 2016 . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121313/http://miscellanyblue.com/post/15257617986 . live .
  80. Web site: NH Legislature Faces Tough Year, Difficult Issues . January 12, 2016 . January 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160107222736/https://cola.unh.edu/sites/cola.unh.edu/files/research_publications/gsp2012_winter_legapp020712.pdf . live .
  81. Web site: NH DIVIDED ON INCOME TAX AMENDMENT, CONTINUE TO OPPOSE REPEAL OF GAY MARRIAGE . January 12, 2016 . January 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160107221810/https://cola.unh.edu/sites/cola.unh.edu/files/research_publications/gsp2012_summer_govapp081612.pdf . live .
  82. Web site: A majority favor legal same-sex marriage in New Hampshire . March 1, 2012 . January 3, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150103021431/http://publicpolicypolling.typepad.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NH_719.pdf . live .
  83. Web site: Tight gubernatorial race in N.H.. Public Policy Polling. May 16, 2012. May 22, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120522145801/http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_NH_051612.pdf. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.