Samarinda Explained

Samarinda
Settlement Type:City
Official Name:
Motto:Samarinda Kota Tepian
Anthem:"March of Kota Tepian"
Pushpin Map:Borneo
Pushpin Label Position:right
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Borneo
Coordinates:-0.5°N 117.1378°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Region
Subdivision Type2:Province
Subdivision Name1:Kalimantan
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1668
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Andi Harun
Leader Title2:Vice Mayor
Leader Title3:Legislative President
Leader Name3:Sugiyono
Leader Title4:Chief Justice
Leader Name4:Darius Naftali[1]
Area Total Km2:718
Area Land Km2:692
Area Water Km2:26
Area Water Percent:3.65
Area Rank:7th (Indonesia)[2]
Elevation Max Footnotes:[3] [4] [5]
Elevation Max M:260
Elevation Max Point:Puncak Samarinda
Elevation Min Footnotes:[6]
Elevation Min M:0
Elevation Min Point:Mahakam River
Population Total: 861878
Population As Of:mid 2023 estimate
Population Footnotes:[7]
Population Density Km2:1163
Population Rank:1st (Borneo)[8]
Population Metro:1,050,000
Population Demonym:Samarindan[9]
Demographics Type1:Demographics
Demographics1 Title1:Religion[10]
Timezone1:WITA
Utc Offset1:+08:00
Postal Code:75000
Area Code:+62541
Blank Name Sec1:Administrative centre
Blank Info Sec1:Bugis[11]
Blank1 Name Sec1:Largest district by population
Blank1 Info Sec1:Sungai Kunjang[12]
Blank Name Sec2:Date format
Blank2 Name Sec2:HDI (2022)
Blank2 Info Sec2: 0.814
Blank1 Name Sec2:Drives on the
Blank1 Info Sec2:left
Demographics1 Info1:Islam 90.93%
Protestantism 5.25%
Catholic 2.12%
Buddhism 0.86%
Hinduism 0.12%
Confucianism 0.08%
Others 0.01%

Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of . Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten Most Liveable Cities in 2022,[13] [14] ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index[15] and it is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with a population of 727,500 at the 2010 Census[16] and 827,994 at the 2020 Census;[17] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 861,878.[18] Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest exporter[19] and fifth-largest importer.[20] The city has the highest number of bank headquarters in East Kalimantan.[21]

In 2021, Samarinda Harbour became the busiest passenger port in East Kalimantan.[22] The container port in Samarinda is also the busiest in East Kalimantan, handled more than in 2019.[23] [24]

Samarinda is known for its traditional food amplang, as well as the cloth sarung samarinda.[25] As of 2021, the city has 3 bridges connecting its river banks: Mahakam Bridge,, and . The city center is on one side and the other side is named Samarinda Seberang.

Etymology

The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.[26]

History

At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.[27]

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics. Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.[28]

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.

Administrative districts

At the time of the 2010 Census, Samarinda City was divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), but four additional districts were subsequently created by splitting of existing ones. The ten districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[29] and the 2020 Census,[30] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[31] The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes.

Kode
Wilayah
Name of
District
(kecamatan)
Area
in
km2
Pop'n
Census
2010
Pop'n
Census
2020
Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2023
No.
of
kelurahan
Post
codes
64.72.01 Palaran 221.2949,07963,18966,912575241 - 75253
64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir
(Lower Samarinda)
17.18120,93669,14269,766575114 - 75117
64.72.09 Samarinda Kota
(Samarinda town)
11.12(a)31,71932,37957511 - 75113,
75117, 75121
64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95(a)57,94162,429575114, 75115
64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49114,18364,05065,796675131 - 75133
64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13(b)65,89269,396575131
64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang
(Kunjang River)
43.04114,044133,543139,320775125 - 75127
64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu
(Upper Samarinda)
22.12126,651129,806133,331875122 - 75128
64.72.05 Samarinda Utara
(North Samarinda)
229.52202,607106,743112,076875117 - 75119
64.72.08 Sungai Pinang
(Pinang River)
34.16(c)105,970110,473576117 - 76119
Totals 718.00727,500827,994861,87859

Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.

Climate

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019.[32] [33] The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is 18°C in October 1982,[34] while the highest recorded is 40.2°C on 8 February 2008.[35]

Demographics

The territory's population in mid 2023 was 861,876, with an annual growth rate of 1.43% in 2022–2023.[36] The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent. There are also Americans, Canadians, Japanese and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda was 73.6 years as of 2014.

Nationality / Origin2019 (pre-pandemic)2019%2020
1Asia47347.2%315
2Europe17217.1%5
3ASEAN16816.7%126
4Oceania16316.3%15
5America232.3%19
6Africa40.4%12
Total1,003100.0%
  • As of 31 December 2020
  • Source: Samarinda Statistics Department

Religion

Samarinda's main religions are Islam and Christianity. The Muslim community forms the majority of the population numbering around 91%. The Christian community numbers at nearly 66,000 individuals or slightly over 7% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also small Buddhist, Hindu and other religious communities.[37]

Economy

Since 2004, trade has been the engine of Samarinda's economic growth.[38] It is also driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda. There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery.

Tourism sector also plays an important role in Samarinda's economy; it attracted over 2,000 international tourists and 1.2 million domestic tourists in 2019,[39] making Samarinda the 2nd most popular tourists destination in East Kalimantan.[40] In 2020, agriculture constituted only 2 per cent of GDP, and consists of growing flower varieties (rose, jasmine, orchid) and fruits (pomelo citrus fruit).[15]

Transport

See also: Public minibus.

The main transport infrastructure of Samarinda is different than every other cities in Kalimantan, characterised by less national government involvement: Samarinda International Airport (East Kalimantan government),[41] [42] SkyTrain rapid transit project (public-private partnership),[43] [44] Sejuk Hill (Manggah Hill) Tunnel project (Samarinda Government)[45] [46] and Port of Palaran (private).[47]

There are about 850,000 vehicles registered in Samarinda, the highest number of vehicles of any city in East Kalimantan.[48] Samarinda has 3 bus terminals: Sungai Kunjang Bus Terminus, Lempake Bus Terminus and Seberang Bus Terminus.[49]

Samarinda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route from Balikpapan to Samarinda; the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[50]

APT Pranoto (Samarinda Sungai Siring, AAP) International Airport is the primary airport for the city and has been at Sungai Siring since 2018. With over 1 million passengers annually, it is one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. AAP is an important Australian passenger gateway for East Kalimantan's wildlife. AAP was built to replace Temindung Airport in Bandara, Sungai Pinang.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.[51]

Notable people

See main article: category.

References

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Sejarah Pengadilan .
  2. Web site: 7 Kota Terbesar di Indonesia, Mana yang Paling Luas?. MSN. 26 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230126082345/https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/7-kota-terbesar-di-indonesia-mana-yang-paling-luas/ar-AA14knHX. 26 January 2023. live.
  3. Web site: Puncak Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur Cocok Dijadikan Tempat Camping. Tribun Kaltim Travel. 26 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210926051850/https://tribunkaltimtravel.tribunnews.com/2020/07/10/puncak-samarinda-kalimantan-timur-cocok-dijadikan-tempat-camping?page=all. 26 September 2021. live.
  4. Web site: Indahnya Pesona Alam dari Puncak Samarinda. Klik Samarinda. 14 March 2021 . 26 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210926052239/https://kliksamarinda.com/indahnya-pesona-alam-dari-puncak-samarinda/. 26 September 2021. live.
  5. Web site: Puncak Samarinda, Berkemah di Atas Awan. Traveling Yuk. 16 October 2019 . 26 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210120044232/https://travelingyuk.com/puncak-samarinda-kalimantan/236516. 20 January 2021. live.
  6. Web site: Monografi Kalimantan Timur 1968. Government of East Kalimantan. 1969 . 26 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230126031028/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v8U8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA81&dq=Monografi+kalimantan+timur+mahakam+surut&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuzYS1oOT8AhVjWHwKHe87D20Q6AF6BAgEEAM#v=onepage&q=Monografi%20kalimantan%20timur%20mahakam%20surut&f=false. 26 January 2023. live.
  7. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  8. Web site: Borneo. WorldAtlas. 20 August 2021 . 26 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20210929014059/https://www.worldatlas.com/islands/borneo.html. 29 September 2021. live.
  9. Web site: Masyarakat Indonesia 30-31. LIPI. 2004 . 26 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230126025738/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wcgCtqVmJz0C&q=Masyarakat+indonesia+feel+samarindan&dq=Masyarakat+indonesia+feel+samarindan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi558efnuT8AhVjSmwGHQmCAzEQ6AF6BAgFEAM. 26 January 2023. live.
  10. Data Sensus Penduduk 2010 - Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia
  11. News: Pemindahan Pusat Pemerintahan kota Samarinda Tinggal Tunggu Walikota. 31 May 2022. Nomor Satu Kaltim. 13 April 2021. 31 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531162930/https://nomorsatukaltim.com/index-berita/metropolis/samarinda/ns-20210413/pemindahan-pusat-pemerintahan-kota-samarinda-tinggak-tunggu-wali-kota. dead.
  12. Web site: Samarinda in Figures, 2022. BPS Samarinda. en. 31 May 2022.
  13. News: Tinggalkan Balikpapan, Samarinda Masuk dalam Jajaran Kota Layak Huni di Indonesia. 13 June 2023. Presisi. 12 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230613062012/https://presisi.co/read/2023/06/12/8707/tinggalkan-balikpapan-samarinda-masuk-dalam-jajaran-kota-layak-huni-di-indonesia. 13 June 2023. live.
  14. News: Samarinda Raih Top Tier City Indonesia. 13 June 2023. Natmed. 12 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230613062343/https://natmed.id/samarinda-raih-top-tier-city-indonesia/?noamp=mobile. 13 June 2023. live.
  15. Web site: Samarinda in Figures 2021. BPS Samarinda. 25 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210925153513/https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/fcfcfc591d2a8840ca6cacbb/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2021.html. 25 September 2021. live.
  16. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  17. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  18. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  19. Web site: Ekspor Kalimantan Timur 2020. BPS East Borneo. 25 September 2021. https://archive.today/20210925141513/https://kaltim.bps.go.id/publication/2021/08/18/a8cf7e8e3769047a09a23ba7/statistik-ekspor-provinsi-kalimantan-timur-2020.html. 25 September 2021. live.
  20. Web site: Impor Kalimantan Timur 2020. BPS East Borneo. 25 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210925142940/https://kaltim.bps.go.id/publication/2021/08/18/9be28cef3fc58b2f0b41f6c0/statistik-impor-provinsi-kalimantan-timur-2020.html. 25 September 2021. live.
  21. Web site: East Kalimantan in Figures 2021. BPS East Borneo. 25 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210927025528/https://kaltim.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/be2498bbcd1727ce780e4814/provinsi-kalimantan-timur-dalam-angka-2021.html. 27 September 2021. live.
  22. Web site: BRS Kaltim December 2021. BPS East Borneo. 2 February 2022. https://archive.today/20220202123051/https://kaltim.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2022/02/02/892/desember-2021--tpk-hotel-berbintang-mencapai-62-62-persen.html. 2 February 2022. live.
  23. News: Patimban Bakal Jadi Pelumas Samudera Indonesia (SMDR) & Temas (TMAS). 25 September 2021. Bisnis. 16 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20210925135349/https://market.bisnis.com/read/20201016/192/1306166/patimban-bakal-jadi-pelumas-samudera-indonesia-smdr-temas-tmas. 25 September 2021 . live .
  24. Web site: Kaltim Kariangau Terminal – Handal, Tepat Waktu dan Efisien. 2021-12-25. en-US.
  25. News: Perhatikan 4 Hal Ini Saat Berburu Oleh-oleh Khas Samarinda. JalanTikus.
  26. Book: Dahlan, Oemar. Asal-Usul Nama Samarinda Sejak Zaman sebelum Kemerdekaan, Nama Ini Sudah Terkenal di Seluruh Indonesia. Ministry of Education and Culture. 1978. Jakarta.
  27. Book: Ars, Moh. Sejarah Kota Samarinda. Ministry of Education and Culture. 1986. Jakarta.
  28. Web site: Klemen . L . The conquest of Borneo Island, 1941-1942 . 1999–2000 . Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942.
  29. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  30. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  31. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  32. News: Hujan Es di Samarinda Seberang, Biasanya Terjadi di Awal Musim Hujan. 28 September 2021. Tribun News. 21 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20210928082558/https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2019/11/21/hujan-es-di-samarinda-seberang-biasanya-terjadi-di-awal-musim-hujan. 28 September 2021 . live .
  33. News: Viral, Hujan Es Bikin Heboh Warga Samarinda. 28 September 2021. IDN Times. 21 November 2019. https://archive.today/20210928085805/https://kaltim.idntimes.com/news/kaltim/yuda-almerio-pratama-lebang/viral-hujan-es-bikin-heboh-warga-samarinda/3. 28 September 2021. live.
  34. News: Samarinda Alami Fenomena Aphelion, Apa Itu?. 28 September 2021. Samarinda Post. 7 July 2021. https://archive.today/20210928090541/https://sapos.co.id/2021/07/07/samarinda-alami-fenomena-aphelion-apa-itu/. 28 September 2021. live.
  35. Web site: BMKG Catat Suhu Terpanas di Indonesia, Wilayah di Kalimantan Catatkan Rekor Maksimum. kaltim.tribunnews.com. 2024-02-27.
  36. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  37. Web site: Badan Pusat Statistik . 2024-06-06 . samarindakota.bps.go.id.
  38. Web site: Samarinda in Figures 2005. BPS Samarinda. 28 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210928092515/https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2006/07/31/71d59f68c71045b7da96d872/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2005.html. 28 September 2021. live.
  39. Web site: Samarinda in Figures 2020. BPS Samarinda. 26 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210628191146/https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/4f263d1ab55ba7b650c25f14/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2020.html. 28 June 2021. live.
  40. Web site: Orang Samarinda dan Bontang paling gemar berwisata, Derawan paling favorite. Niaga Asia. 20 November 2021 . 20 November 2021. https://archive.today/20211120144530/https://www.niaga.asia/orang-samarinda-dan-bontang-paling-gemar-berwisata-derawan-paling-favorit/. 20 November 2021. live.
  41. News: APT Pranoto, Perjuangan Kaltim Wujudkan Mimpi . 9 October 2021. Government of East Borneo. 2 December 2018.
  42. News: Jokowi Pamerkan Bandara APT Pranoto, Dibangun Pakai APBD Pemprov Kaltim . 9 October 2021. Merdeka. 25 October 2018.
  43. News: 5 Proyek Infrastruktur Samarinda Melalui Sistem KPBU . 9 October 2021. G Priority. 7 October 2021.
  44. News: Jadi Penyangga Ibu Kota Negara, Samarinda Diharapkan Bangun Infrastruktur Melalui KPBU . 9 October 2021. Headline Kaltim. 8 October 2021.
  45. News: Groundbreaking Terowongan di Gunung Manggah, Walikota: Pertama di Indonesia yang Diinisiasi Pemerintah Daerah. 20 January 2023. Headline Kaltim. 20 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230120151702/https://headlinekaltim.co/ground-breaking-terowongan-di-gunung-manggah-wali-kota-pertama-di-indonesia-yang-diinisiasi-pemerintah-daerah/. 20 January 2023. live.
  46. News: Upaya Pemkot Samarinda Bangun Terowongan Pemecah Kemacetan. 24 January 2023. Liputan 6, SCTV. 24 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230124005404/https://www.liputan6.com/amp/5185598/upaya-pemkot-samarinda-bangun-terowongan-pemecah-kemacetan. 24 January 2023. live.
  47. Web site: About Us. Samudera Ports. en. 9 October 2021.
  48. Web site: East Kalimantan in Figures, 2022. BPS East Kalimantan. en. 31 May 2022.
  49. Web site: Terminal Bus, Samarinda. Government of East Kalimantan. id. 31 May 2022.
  50. http://preservasi-pupera.info/prv/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/PETA-PROVINSI-KALIMANTAN-UTARA.pdf North Kalimantan Province Road Map
  51. Book: Admiralty sailing directions - Indonesia. 15 July 2015. UK Hydrographic office. Taunton. 10th.