Salonica vilayet explained
| Native Name: | Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ولايت سلانيك
Vilâyet-i Selânik |
| Common Name: | Salonica Vilayet |
| Subdivision: | Vilayet |
| Nation: | the Ottoman Empire |
| Year Start: | 1867 |
| Year End: | 1912 |
| Event Start: | Vilayet Law |
| Event End: | First Balkan War |
| P1: | Salonica Eyalet |
| Flag P1: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| P2: | Rumelia Eyalet |
| Flag P2: | Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg |
| S1: | Kingdom of Greece |
| Flag S1: | Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg |
| S2: | Kingdom of Serbia |
| Flag S2: | State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg |
| S3: | Kingdom of Bulgaria |
| Flag S3: | Flag of Bulgaria.svg |
| Image Map Caption: | The Salonica Vilayet in 1867–1912 |
| Capital: | Salonica |
| Today: | Greece
North Macedonia
Bulgaria |
| Stat Year1: | 1911[1] |
| Stat Pop1: | 1,347,915 |
The Vilayet of Salonica[2] (Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928);: ولايت سلانيك|Vilâyet-i Selânik) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1867 to 1912. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of 12950sqmi.[3]
The vilayet was bounded by the Principality (later Kingdom) of Bulgaria on the north; Eastern Rumelia on the northeast (after the Treaty of Berlin); Edirne Vilayet on the east; the Aegean Sea on the south; Monastir Vilayet and the independent sanjak of Serfije on the west (after 1881); the Kosovo Vilayet on the northwest.
The vilayet consisted of present Central and Eastern parts of Greek Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. Present Pirin Macedonia part of it was administered as kazas of Cuma-yı Bala, Petriç, Nevrekop, Menlik, Ropçoz and Razlık. It was dissolved after Balkan Wars and divided among Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia and Tsardom of Bulgaria in 1913.
Administrative divisions
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[4]
- Sanjak of Selanik (Thessaloniki, Kesendire, Karaferye, Vodina, Yenice-i Vardar, Langaza, Kılkış (It was also called Avrathisar), Katrin, Aynaroz, Doyran, Usturumca, Tikveş, Gevgili)
- Sanjak of Siroz (Serez, Zihne, Demirhisar, Razlık, Cuma-yı Bala, Menlik, Nevrekop)
- Sanjak of Drama (Drama, Kavala, Sarışaban, Taşoz (It was later promoted to sanjak), Pravişte, Dövlen)
- Sanjak of Taşoz (It was initially part of Sanjak of Drama, its center was Vulgaro)
Demographics
According to the 1881/82-1893 Ottoman census the vilayet had a total population of 1.009.992 people, ethnically consisting as:[5]
thumb|right|250px|Map of subdivisions of Salonica Vilayet in 1907
According to the 1905/06 Ottoman Census, the vilayet had a total population of 921,359 people, ethnically consisting as:[6]
- Muslims - 419.604
- Orthodox Greeks - 263.881
- Orthodox Bulgarians - 155.710
- Jews - 52.395
- Wallachians (Vlachs) - 20.486
- Gypsies - 4.736
- Catholic Greeks - 2.693
- Oriental Armenians - 637
- Protestants - 329
- Catholic Armenians - 58
- Latins - 31
- Syrians - 4
- Foreign citizens - 795
However, according to the Ottoman Archives, the Vilayet's main ethnoconfessional groups according to the 1905/06 Ottoman Census are:[7] [8]
- Muslims - 510,125
- Orthodox Greeks (Patriarchists) - 326,030
- Orthodox Bulgarians (Exarchists) - 229,422
- Jews - 52,645
By sanjaks, the four main ethnoconfessional groups number, as follows:
| Sanjak |
|---|
| Muslims | % | Greeks | % | Bulgarians | % | Jews | % | Total | % |
|---|
| Sanjak of Selanik | 233,098 | 39.8 | 211,389 | 36.1 | 92,752 | 15.8 | 49,889 | 8.3 | 586,128 | 100.00 |
| Sanjak of Siroz | 150,045 | 41.1 | 82,334 | 22.5 | 131,476 | 39.3 | 1,580 | 0.4 | 365,435 | 100.00 |
| Sanjak of Drama | 126,982 | 76.2 | 32,307 | 19.4 | 5,194 | 3.1 | 2,176 | 1.3 | 166,659 | 100.00 |
| Total | 510,125 | 45.6 | 326,030 | 29.1 | 229,422 | 20.5 | 52,645 | 4.7 | 1,118,222 | 100.0 |
|
According to an estimate by Aram Andonian in 1908 there was the following ethnic distribution in the vilayet:[9]
- Orthodox Bulgarians - 446,050
- Muslim Turks - 333,440
- Orthodox Greeks - 168,500
- Muslim Bulgarians - 98,590
- Jews - 55,320
- Orthodox Vlachs - 24,970
- Muslim Gypsies - 22,200
- Mixed - 16,320
Governors
- Mehmet Akif Pasha (June 1867 - February 1869)
- Mehmed Sabri Pasha (February 1869 - September 1871)
- Kekimbashi Ismail Pasha (September 1871 - May 1872)
- Hurshid Pasha (May 1872 - August 1872)
- Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1st time) (August 1872 - May 1873)
- Mehmet Akif Pasha (3rd time) (May 1873 - September 1873)
- Ahmed Midhat Sefik Pasha (October 1873 - February 1874)
- Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (2nd time) (February 1874 - September 1875)
- Baytar Mehmed Refet Pasha (December 1875 - June 1876)
- Mustafa Esref Pasha (June 1876 - April 1877)
- Cerkez Nusret Pasha (June 1877 - December 1877)
- Ibrahim Halil Pasha (December 1877 - July 1878)
- Halil Rifat Pasha (July 1878 - March 1880)
- Abidin Pasha (March 1880 - June 1880)
- Lofçali Ibrahim Dervish Pasha (August 1880 - January 1882)
- Ismail Hakki Pasha (March 1882 - September 1885)
- Hasan Hakki Pasha (September 1885 - August 1886)
- Abdullah Galib Pasha (August 1886 - August 1891)
- Mustafa Zihni Pasha (October 1891 - November 1895)
- Hasan Fehmi Pasha (1st time) (1895)
- Ramazanoglu Hüseyin Riza Pasha (January 1896 - January 1899)
- Haci Hasan Refik Pasha (January 1899 - May 1901)
- Biren Mahmud Tevfik Beg (May 1901 - May 1902)
- Hasan Fehmi Pasha (2nd time) (May 1902 - September 1904)
- Mehmed Sherif Ra'uf Pasha (September 1904 - August 1908)
- Ali Danis Beg (August 1908 - September 1909)
- Pirizade Ibrahim Hayrullah Bey (September 1909 - January 1912)
- Kadri Huseyin Kazim Bey (January 1912 - 8 August 1912)
- Ali Ferid Pasha (August 1912 - September 1912)
References
External links
Notes and References
- http://lfh.edu.gr/histoiregeographie/sites/default/files/Ressources%20pedagogiques/conseils_bibliographiques/WorkBook3.pdf Teaching Modern Southeast European History
- Macedonia.
- https://archive.org/stream/earth01recluoft#page/152/mode/1up Europe
- http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2009/10/selanik-vilayeti/ Selanik Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
- [Kemal Karpat]
- [Kemal Karpat]
- Web site: Tilbe, Özgür . Hilmi Pasha's Tenure as Inspector-General in Rumelia (1902-1908) / Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa'nın Rumeli Umumî Müfettişliği (1902-1908) . tr . 2018 . 132 .
- Web site: Rahman Ademi . The Macedonian Muslims in the Era of Abdulhamid II / II. Abdülhamit döneminde Makedonya Müslümanları . tr . 2006 . 97 .
- https://books.google.com/books?id=0kIU3-xnmBkC&dq=%22Defeat+in+Detail%3A+The+Ottoman+Army+in+the+Balkans%22&pg=PA41 Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913; Edward J. Erickson; Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003; p.41
