Salomé is a 1908 opera in one act by Antoine Mariotte to a libretto based on the 1891 French play Salome by Oscar Wilde. However, that work was itself inspired by Flaubert's Herodias. Mariotte began to compose his opera before the far more famous treatment of the same source by German composer Richard Strauss (Salome), but his premiered after the Strauss work.[1]
While in the French navy in the Far East, Mariotte had read the Oscar Wilde play Salome, and decided to set it to music. During his return to Europe by sea, he had access to a piano to continue his work, and while on leave, he took a course at the Conservatoire by Charles-Marie Widor, then resigned from the navy in 1897, and entered the Schola Cantorum where he was taught by Vincent d'Indy. After being appointed professor of piano at the Conservatoire in Lyon, he completed the score of his Salomé, believing himself to have permission from Wilde's estate and the publisher Methuen.
In fact, having obtained the agreement to use the play, Richard Strauss had in turn asked his publisher Fürstner to acquire the rights. Wilde's particularly complicated estate led to a court case that favoured the rights of Fürstner. Mariotte learnt that Fürstner would oppose the production of a "Salomé française" and after going to Berlin, he obtained permission to have his piece staged, on condition that 40% royalties went to Richard Strauss and 10% to Fürstner, with all scores to be sent after the run to Fürstner to be destroyed. Romain Rolland, having read an article by Mariotte in the Revue internationale de musique, helped him to obtain a more generous settlement from Strauss.
On 30 October 1908, Mariotte's opera was produced at the Grand-Théâtre de Lyon (three years after Strauss's in Dresden) with success and with De Wailly singing the title role. On the initiative of the Isola brothers the Paris premiere took place on 22 April 1910 (for twelve performances) at the Gaîté-Lyrique with Lucienne Bréval as Salomé and Mathilde Comès as Hérodias, Jean Périer as Hérode, Georges Petit as Iokanaan and André Gilly as the captain of guards, conducted by Auguste Amalou.[2] Strauss's Salomé was presented that season at the Opéra with Mary Garden in the title role. After having been performed at Nancy, Le Havre, Marseille, Geneva, and Prague, Mariotte's Salomé was seen at the Paris Opéra on 1 July 1919 again with Bréval in the title role.
After many years of neglect, the Opéra National de Montpellier presented both the Strauss and Mariotte versions of the opera in November 2005.[3]
In February/March 2014, the Münchner Rundfunkorchester and soloists from the Bayerische Theaterakademie August Everding presented three performances at Munich's Prinzregententheater.[4] Bayerischer Rundfunk Klassik live streamed the performance of 6 March on its website, and recorded the final performance of 8 March for later radio broadcast, on 26 April 2014.[5]
The opera was staged in October 2014 as part of the 2014 Wexford Festival Opera in Wexford, Ireland, conducted by David Angus.[6]
Mariotte's selection from the Wilde text was different from that of Strauss, as was the musical style of the opera. In comparison with the more famous Salome opera, Mariotte's rich orchestral colours are sombre, and the drama unfolds in a sequence of tableaux. The characters are less extravagant and certainly less sexually charged; the dense, often contrapuntal sound-world has its roots in 19th century academicism. Mariotte uses an off-stage orchestra for the banquet in the opening scene while the final scene uses a wordless chorus to add an enigmatic glow to Salomé's ode to Iokanaan's head.[7]
A work rich in orchestral invention and emotional intensity, Mariotte's Salomé is in some respects rather more sympathetic to the original Symbolist mood. Wilde wrote the play in French, because he felt its poetic language belonged to fin de siècle sensibility. Mariotte's version owes much to the sound world of Debussy and to the disengaged emotional landscape of Maeterlinck,[3] who had highly praised Wilde's play.[8]
| Role[9] | Voice type | Premiere cast, 30 October 1908 (Conductor: Mariotte) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hérode, Tetrarch of Judaea | baritone | Édouard Cotreuil | |
| Hérodias, his wife (and niece) | contralto | Soïni | |
| Salomé, his stepdaughter (and great-niece) | soprano | De Wailly | |
| Iokanaan (John the Baptist) | baritone | Jean Aubert | |
| Narraboth, Young Syrian, Captain of the Guard | tenor | Henry Grillières | |
| The page of Hérodias | contralto | Gerval | |
| First soldier | tenor | Van Laer | |
| Second soldier | baritone | Verheyden | |
| Royal guests (Egyptians and Romans), and entourage, Nazarenes, Jews, servants, soldiers | |||