Sallaans dialect explained
Sallaans (Dutch; Flemish: Sallands; Low Saxon: Sallaands) is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe.[1] In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.
A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen. Sallands is more influenced by the Hollandic dialects than Twents or Achterhoeks. This influence is known as the Hollandse expansie. For example, the word 'house' (Standard Dutch Dutch; Flemish: huis pronounced as /[ɦœys]/) is hoes pronounced as /[ɦuːs]/ in Twents but huus pronounced as /[ɦyːs]/ in Sallaans. The Hollandic dialects of the 17th century still had not diphthongized pronounced as /link/ to pronounced as /[œy]/, and due to their prestigious status they triggered the shift from pronounced as /link/ to pronounced as /link/.[2] [3] [4]
Phonology
Consonants
!Labial!Alveolar!Dorsal!Glottal| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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| Stop | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) | |
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| Fricative | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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| Trill | | pronounced as /link/ | | |
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| Approximant | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | |
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- pronounced as /[ɡ]/ appears only as an allophone of pronounced as //k// before voiced consonants.
- /pronounced as /ʋ// occurring before and after back-rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant [{{IPA|w}}].
- After long close and close-mid vowels, pronounced as //r// surfaces as a diphthongization of the vowel, as in zoer pronounced as /[ˈzuːə̯]/. This also happens in compounds: veurkämer pronounced as /[vøːə̯kæːmər]/. It is also often dropped preconsonantally after pronounced as //ə//.
Vowels
! colspan="4" | Front | Central | Back |
|---|
| unrounded | rounded |
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| short | long | short | long | short | long |
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| Close | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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| Close-mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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| Open-mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ |
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| Open | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | | | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
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- Unlike in Standard Dutch, the long close-mid monophthongs pronounced as //eː, øː, oː// are actual monophthongs and not narrow closing diphthongs pronounced as /[ei, øy, ou]/. They do not appear before pronounced as //r// whenever that consonant occurs before a vowel or at the end of a word, where the open-mid series pronounced as //ɛː, œː, ɔː// occurs instead.
- The schwa pronounced as //ə// is often dropped before pronounced as //n//, resulting in a syllabic nasal homorganic with the preceding consonant. This occurs after most consonants, including nasals themselves: piepen pronounced as /[ˈpipm̩]/, slóffen pronounced as /[ˈslʊfɱ̍]/, gieten pronounced as /[ˈχiːtn̩]/, kieken pronounced as /[ˈkikŋ̍]/, esprungen pronounced as /[əˈsprœŋŋ̍]/, lachen pronounced as /[ˈlɑχɴ̩]/. The sequences pronounced as //əl// and pronounced as //ər// are treated the same, except for the fact that they do not assimilate to the place of articulation of the preceding consonant.
Front! colspan="2" | Back |
| Close | pronounced as /ij, iu/ | pronounced as /yi, yu/ | pronounced as /uw/ |
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| Open | pronounced as /ɛi ɪu/ | pronounced as /œy/ | pronounced as /ɔi ʊi/ | pronounced as /ɑu/ | |
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- pronounced as //œy// is realized as pronounced as /[œi]/ before vowels and in the word-final position.
Some examples
Present tense
| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
|---|
| Ik loop(e) | Ik loop | I walk |
| Ie loopt / lopen | Jij loopt | You walk |
| Hee/hi'j / Zie/zi'j lup(t) | Hij / Zij loopt | He / she walks |
| Wie loopt / lopen | Wij lopen | We walk |
| Jullie / Juulu / ieluu loopt / lopen | Jullie lopen | You walk (plural) |
| Zie loopt / lopen | Zij lopen | They walk | |
Past tense
| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
|---|
| Ik liepe | Ik liep | I walked |
| Ie liep'n | Jij liep | You walked |
| Hee / Zee liep | Hij / Zij liep | He / She walked |
| Wuu-lu liep'n | Wij liepen | We walked |
| Jullie / Juu-lu liep'n | Jullie liepen | You walked (plural) |
| Zie liep'n | Zij liepen | They walked | |
Plurals and diminutives
| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
|---|
| een komme | een kom | One bowl |
| twee komm'n | twee kommen | Two bowls | |
| Sallaans | Dutch | English |
|---|
| een kömmegie | een kommetje | one little bowl |
| twee kömmegies | twee kommetjes | two little bowls | |
Bibliography
- Book: Spa
, J.J.
. De dialecten van centraal-Salland: Raalte, Heino en Lemelerveld. 2011.
External links
Notes and References
- A. A. Weijnen, Nederlandse dialectkunde, 1958, p. 461, Kaart 36a - De noordoostelijke dialecten (online)
- Henk Bloemhoff, Jurjen van der Kooi, Hermann Niebaum en Siemon Reker (red.), Handboek Nedersaksische Taal- en Letterkunde, Assen: Van Gorcum
- H. Scholtmeijer (2006), Mörn! Taalgids Overijssel, Assen: In Boekvorm Uitgevers bv. (p.64-65)
- G.G. Kloeke (1927) De Hollandsche expansie in de zestiende en zeventiende eeuw en haar weerspiegeling in de hedendaagsche Nederlandsche dialecten: Proeve eener historisch-dialectgeographische synthese
