Salicaceae Explained

The Salicaceae are the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae sensu stricto) included the willows, poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the tropical Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former Flacourtiaceae.[1] [2] [3]

In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera, Salix, Populus, and Chosenia (now a synonym of Salix). Recognized to be closely related to the Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the APG in the order Malpighiales.

Under the new circumscription, most members of the family are trees or shrubs that have simple leaves with alternate arrangement, and temperate members are usually deciduous. Most members have serrate or dentate leaf margins, and many of those that have such toothed margins exhibit salicoid teeth, a salicoid tooth being one in which a vein enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Sometimes the glands will deflate and appear torus (doughnut) shaped. Some members of the family exhibit violoid or theoid teeth, characters along with presence of an aril and introrse anther dehiscence that are sometimes used to split the family into three families, Salicaceae sensu medio, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae.[4] [5] Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all have ovaries that are superior or half-inferior with parietal placentation.[6]

Genera by subfamily and tribe

Salicaceae are divided into three subfamilies, with Salicoideae further divided into seven tribes.[7] [8] Several of these tribes are not monophyletic and await further revision.[1]

Salicoideae

Abatieae

Bembicieae

Flacourtieae

Homalieae

Prockieae

Saliceae

Scolopieae

Samydoideae

Scyphostegioideae

Incertae sedis

Notes and References

  1. 10.2307/4110825 . Mark W. . Chase . Sue Zmarzty . M. Dolores Lledó . Kenneth J. Wurdack . Susan M. Swensen . Michael F. Fay . 2002 . When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences . 4110825 . Kew Bulletin . 57 . 1 . 141–181. 2002KewBu..57..141C .
  2. Christenhusz, M. J. M. . Byng, J. W. . amp . 2016 . The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase . Phytotaxa . 261 . 201–217 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 . 3 . Magnolia Press . free .
  3. Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 (and more or less continuously updated since).
  4. Samarakoon, T., and M.H. Alford. 2019. New Names and Combinations in Neotropical Samydaceae Novon 27: 65-71.
  5. Wurdack, K.J., and C.C. Davis. 2009. Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life American Journal of Botany 96: 1551-1570.
  6. Book: Judd, Walter S.. Plant systematics : a phylogenetic approach. January 2015. 978-1-60535-389-0. Fourth. Sunderland, MA. 920680553.
  7. Lemke . David . A synopsis of Flacourtiaceae . Aliso . 1988 . 12 . 1 . 29–43 . 11 July 2018 . 10.5642/aliso.19881201.05. free .
  8. Web site: Family Salicaceae . Taxonomy . UniProt . 2010-02-04.
  9. Alford . Mac . Nomenclatural innovations in neotropical Salicaceae . Novon . 2006 . 16 . 3 . 293–298 . 10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[293:niins]2.0.co;2. 86307245 .
  10. Boucher . L. D. . Manchester . S. . Judd . W. . 2003 . An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado, USA . American Journal of Botany . 90 . 9 . 1389–99 . 21659238 . 10.3732/ajb.90.9.1389 . free.
  11. Alford . Mac . Dement . Angela . Irenodendron, a new genus of Samydaceae from South America . Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas . 2015 . 9 . 2 . 331–334.
  12. Alford, M.H. 2021. A taxonomic revision of Ophiobotrys, Osmelia, and Pseudosmelia (Samydaceae/Salicaceae s.l.) Brittonia 73: 393-409.
  13. Shang . C . Liao . S. . Guo . Y.-J. . Zhang . Z.-X. . Dianyuea gen. nov. (Salicaceae: Scyphostegioideae) from southwestern China . Nordic Journal of Botany . 2017 . 35 . 4 . 499–505 . 10.1111/njb.01363 .

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