| Salem River | |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | New Jersey |
| Subdivision Type5: | City |
| Subdivision Name5: | Salem |
| Length: | 35miles[1] |
| Source1 Location: | Upper Pittsgrove Township |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 39.5997°N -75.2292°W[2] |
| Mouth: | Delaware River |
| Mouth Location: | boundary of Pennsville and Elsinboro townships |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 39.5731°N -75.5122°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 0feet |
| Basin Size: | 110sqmiplus[3] |
The Salem River is a 34.7adj=midNaNadj=mid[1] tributary of the Delaware River in southwestern New Jersey in the United States.
The course and watershed of the Salem River are entirely within Salem County. Tributaries of the Salem include Game Creek, Mannington Creek, and Fenwick Creek. The river rises in Upper Pittsgrove Township and flows initially westwardly, through Pilesgrove Township and the borough of Woodstown and along the boundaries of Carneys Point and Mannington Townships. Near Deepwater it approaches to within 2miles of the Delaware River, a distance breached by the Salem (Deepwater) Canal, which connects the two rivers. From there the Salem River turns to the south, flowing along the boundary of Mannington and Pennsville Townships,[4] where it widens into a meandering shallow estuary, Kates Creek Meadow, and passes the city of Salem, its head of navigability.[5] It flows into the Delaware River from the east near the head of Delaware Bay, on the boundary of Pennsville and Elsinboro townships, approximately 2miles west of Salem and approximately 5miles southeast of Finns Point.
The Delaware and the Salem are tidal. The Delaware River Main Channel is maintained at a depth of 40feet and expected to be 45feet in 2017[6] Reach D, which includes the entrance to Port of Salem, was completed in 2010.[7] The shipping channel of the Salem River is much shallower, making the city a low draft port, which prohibits use by Handymax class ships. The river is entered though Salem Cove about from the entrance of the Delaware Bay. The channel travels along the southeast side of the cove for and continues another upstream of the first vehicular bridge crossing it.[8] The Salem River and Cut-Off was first channelized in 1925 to a depth of 16feet.[9]
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the river has also been known historically as Firkins Creek, Varkens Kill, and Varkins Kill (Hogg Creek). The Board on Geographic Names settled on "Salem River" as the stream's name in 1940.[2] The estuary was inhabited by Lenape at the time of European colonization. In 1641, emigrants from the New Haven Colony settled along the Varkens Kill. Fort Elfsborg, a settlement of the New Sweden colony was constructed along the eastern bank of the Delaware near the mouth of the Salem in 1642–1643. The fort was later abandoned because of the prevalence of mosquitoes and the construction of Fort Casimir by the New Netherland Dutch across the river. In 1675, the village of Salem was founded near the mouth of the Salem river as part of the Fenwick Colony.[10]