| Building Name: | Saint Ambrose (Chiesetta di Sant'Ambrogio) |
| Municipality: | Brugherio |
| Religious Affiliation: | Roman Catholic |
| Region: | Lombardy |
| State: | Italy |
| Province: | Monza and Brianza |
| Functional Status: | Church |
| Patron: | Saint Ambrose |
| Architecture Type: | Church |
| Architecture Style: | Neoromanesque, Gothic |
Saint Ambrose (Italian: Chiesetta di Sant'Ambrogio) is a small church which is an annex to the farmhouse that takes its name from it, in Brugherio, Italy.
According to oral[1] and literary sources, in the fourth century, where the church and its farm are now located, there was a villa[2] belonging to the Bishop of Milan, Ambrose. His sister, Marcellina, was consecrated as chaste along with other noble virgins, and Ambrose gave her this land for contemplation and prayer. Ambrose used to retire here to meditate and write. In addition, together with his sister he spread the Christian faith in country villages (pagus in Latin).[3]
Ambrose gave his sister a part of the relics of the three Magi who had been brought to Milan as a gift from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I to Bishop Eustorgio. The relics were preserved for centuries[4] and then "found" by Cardinal Federico Borromeo, who moved them to the parish church.[5] [6]
The religious complex was home to various religious orders: the Benedictines, the Augustinians and the Humiliati.[7] On the site of the present church there was another built during the twelfth century.[8] The Humiliati in 1539 moved to the monastery of Saint Catherine Chiusa of Milano, while maintaining ownership of the monastery.[9] Among the assets of the monastic complex there was a chapel used for prayer mentioned by Cardinal Federico in the report of the pastoral visit of 1596. In it, he describes the precarious architectural state (which prompted a series of restorations undertaken until 1621),[10] and the wealth of the church utensils.[11] The church appears in the maps of the Teresian Cadastre of 1763,[12] [13] including a building located along the road to Carugate.[14]
After the suppression of the monastic orders by Napoleon Bonaparte, the farmhouse and church were sold to various landowners. In 1886 the church was restored and some frescoes of the fourteenth century were found. They depict Saint Ambrose among his brothers Satyr and Marcellina with the holy martyrs Sebastian and Pope Fabian.
On the occasion of the 1600th anniversary of the velatio[15] of Marcellina, in 1953 the owners of the farm, lords Cavajoni-Bologona, decided to renovate the frescoes and build the lunette on the building's facade. On October 31,[16] Monsignor Ennio Bernasconi, mitred abbot of St. Ambrose of Milan, praised not only Marcellina and his brothers but also the owners responsible for the restoration.[17] Minor restorations were also executed in 1959.[18] Since 2009,[19] the church and the homonymous farmhouse were included in the project "Ville Aperte", a Monza and Brianza province project promote the arts.
The current appearance of the facade dates back to an 1886 restructuring commissioned by the owner, Ercole Gnecchi.[20] It was rebuilt in brick[21] in the style of Lombardy,[22] in reference to the Basilica of Saint Ambrose in Milan, and is divided by a cornice. The top has a central lunette depicting the blessing of Saint Ambrose, surrounded by a round arch, and next to it there are two arched windows.[23] This section is surmounted by a pediment, and above it there is a small tower.[24] The bottom presents a splayed portal. The lintel is the original one, and depicts an early Christian greek cross with the symbols of the evangelists, Mark and John.
The church is characterized by a small nave with apse, covered by a gable in turn supported by wooden trusses with decorated warping. The flooring is made of terracotta brick, while the walls are painted in a light colored parchment, itself decorated with polychrome socket boxes. Preceding the altar there are a round arch and a tympanum above it, which depicts two angels in prayer. In the tympanum there is an oval inside which is enclosed a radial cross termed Salus Mundi. The vault of the presbytery is decorated with a blue sky with gold stars. The presbytery contains an altar made of stone, which is separated from the rest of the church by a balustrade in gothic style and in the same material.
During the restoration in 1953, the team led by Professor Franco Milani found some frescoes dating to the fifteenth century. On the left wall there are depictions of Pope Fabian and Saint Sebastian, while on the right side there are depictions of Saint Ambrose, Marcellina and Satyr.[25] These frescoes were damaged by moisture and covered with layers of lime. The damage was also observed to undermine the pilaster. After restoration the frescoes were partly preserved. Classic iconographic representations of Saint Ambrose are of an old man, but in this church's frescoes both the bishop and Saint Sebastian are represented as young people. The frescoes have a gothic style that also characterizes the altarpiece.[26] The author was probably influenced by artistic trends of northern Europe as well as by Giotto.[27]