Saint-Ouen Abbey, Rouen Explained

Saint-Ouen Abbey
Other Name:Saint Owen Abbey[1] [2] [3]
Native Name:Abbaye Saint-Ouen de Rouen
Native Name Lang:French
Pushpin Map:France
Map Caption:Location of Saint-Ouen
Coordinates:49.4425°N 1.0997°W
Location:City Hall Square, Rouen, Normandy
Country:France
Denomination:Catholic
Founded Date:750[4]
Dedication:Saint-Ouen
Dedicated Date:17 October 1126
Relics:Saint-Ouen
Status:Abbey Church
Functional Status:Defunct
Heritage Designation:Classée Monument Historique
Designated Date:1840
Architectural Type:church
Style:Gothic, Flamboyant
Groundbreaking:1318
Completed Date:1537
Tower Quantity:3
Bells:3 bells : "Saint-Ouen", 4 tons (1701); "Marie", 3 tons (1651); "Julie Marcelle", 2135kg (1887)[5]
Archdiocese:Rouen
Archbishop:Dominique Lebrun
Organistdom:Marie-Andrée Morisset-Balier[6]
Organist:Jean-Baptiste Monnot[7]
Embedded:
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Saint-Ouen Abbey Church
Location:Rouen, Normandy
Antenna Spire:82m

Saint-Ouen Abbey, (French: '''Abbaye Saint-Ouen de Rouen''') is a large Gothic Catholic church and former Benedictine monastic church in Rouen. It is named for Audoin (French: Ouen,), 7th-century bishop of Rouen in modern Normandy, France. The church's name is sometimes anglicized as St Owen's.[8] [9] Built on a similar scale to nearby Rouen Cathedral, the abbey is famous for both its architecture and its large, unaltered Cavaillé-Coll organ, which was described by Charles-Marie Widor as "a Michelangelo of an organ". With the cathedral and the Church of Saint-Maclou, Saint-Ouen is one of the principal French Gothic monuments of the city.

The Abbey

The current church building was originally built as the abbey church of Saint-Ouen for the Benedictine Order, beginning in 1318 and interrupted by the Hundred Years' War and sacked and badly damaged during the Harelle. It was completed in the 15th century in the Flamboyant style.

The foundation of Saint-Ouen Abbey has been variously credited, among others, to Chlothar I and to Clotilde, royal saint and wife of Clovis I, but evidence is scanty. It was dedicated at first to Saint Peter; when the body of Audoin, Archbishop of Rouen (d. 678), was buried there; the name of St Peter and St Ouen became common and finally St Ouen only.

The history of the abbey, on record from the 1000, is unremarkable; a list of abbots is in Gallia Christiana XI, 140.[10] The fourth abbot, Nicolas (r. 1042–1092) was the first cousin of William the Conqueror, and supplied ships and men for the Norman Conquest.

In 1660 the monastery was united to the Congregation of Saint Maur, and when suppressed, in 1794, the community numbered twenty-four. The abbey buildings were confiscated at the time of the French Revolution and were subsequently occupied by the Town Hall of Rouen.[11]

Architecture

The church is 137 m in length under 33 m high vaults. The central crossing is surmounted by an unusual lantern-style tower similar to that at Ely Cathedral in England. The tower was completed in the Flamboyant style.

The well-preserved stained glass of the nave dates to the 15th and 16th centuries, and features jewel tones among panels of clear and frosted white glass. These materials allow more light to filter into the nave, creating a brighter interior than is typical of Gothic churches. Despite the use of Flamboyant tracery in the aisles, triforium, and clerestory, the nave maintains a conservative appearance through the use of compound piers, trumpet bases, and capitals which helps maintain harmony throughout the edifice.

The west façade was never completed during the Middle Ages. The present structure was constructed between 1846 and 1851 in a Neo-Gothic style that bears little resemblance to the original Late Gothic designs.

Organ

The church contains a large four-manual pipe organ built in 1890 by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. This instrument is considered to be one of the most important organs in France, and is notable for its powerful 32' Contre-bombarde. The organ stands unaltered and thus is one of the few of his works to speak with its original voice.

I Positif----
Montre 8'
Bourdon 8'
Gambe 8'
Unda maris 8'
Flûte douce 4'
Dulciane 4'
Doublette 2'
Plein-jeu V 1'
Cor anglais 16'
Trompette 8'
Cromorne 8'
Clairon 4'
II Grand-Orgue----
Montre 16'
Violon-basse 16'
Bourdon 16'
Montre 8'
Diapason 8'
Bourdon 8'
Salicional 8'
Flûte harmonique 8'
Prestant 4'
Trompette en chamade 8'
Clairon en chamade 4'
III Récit expressif----
Quintaton 16'
Corno dolce 16'
Diapason 8'
Flûte traversière 8'
Cor de nuit 8'
Voix éolienne 8'
Viole de gambe 8'
Voix céleste 8'
Flûte octaviante 4'
Viole d'amour 4'
Quinte 2 2/3'
Octavin 2'
Carillon I-III 1'
Cornet V 8'
Tuba magna 16'
Trompette harmonique 8'
Basson-Hautbois 8'
Clarinette 8'
Voix Humaine 8'
Clairon harmonique 4'
Tremolo
IV Bombarde----
Grosse Flûte 8'
Flûte 4'
Doublette 2'
Fourniture V 2 2/3'
Cornet V 16'
Bombarde 16'
Basson 16'
Trompette 8'
Clairon 4'
Pédale----
Soubasse 32'
Contre-basse 16'
Soubasse 16'
Basse 8'
Violoncelle 8'
Bourdon 8'
Flûte 4'
Contre-bombarde 32'
Bombarde 16'
Contre-basson 16'
Trompette 8'
Clairon 4'

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Reference to the name on Oxford Reference website. Ouen (Audoin, Owen), St, bishop of Rouen. January 2010. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-866262-4.
  2. Web site: Example of the use of this spelling. 2016-04-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20160509135437/http://www.stowen.org/about/our-patron-saint/. 2016-05-09. dead.
  3. Web site: Example of the use of this spelling. Walcott. Mackenzie Edward C.. 1860.
  4. Web site: French article about the church and its bells. 31 March 2016.
  5. Web site: French article about the church and its bells. 31 March 2016.
  6. Web site: Article on the nomination of new assistant organist (in French). 2016-04-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160429143624/http://www.orgue-en-france.org/2015/07/21/un-nouveau-co-titulaire-pour-st-ouen-de-rouen/. 2016-04-29. dead.
  7. Web site: Article on the nomination of new assistant organist (in French). 2016-04-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160429143624/http://www.orgue-en-france.org/2015/07/21/un-nouveau-co-titulaire-pour-st-ouen-de-rouen/. 2016-04-29. dead.
  8. Book: Walcott, Mackenzie Edward C.. The Ministers and Abbey Ruins of the United Kingdom: Their History, Architecture, Monuments, and Traditions; with Notices of the Larger Parish Churches and Collegiate Chapels. E. Stanford. 1860. London. 127. en.
  9. Web site: 2016-05-09. Our Patron Saint St. Owen Catholic Church Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. https://web.archive.org/web/20160509135437/http://www.stowen.org/about/our-patron-saint/. dead. 2016-05-09. 2020-06-28.
  10. Web site: Chartes originales antérieures à 1121 conservées en France. 10 June 2010.
  11. Abbey of Saint-Ouen . 13 . Hudleston . Gilbert Roger . 1.