| Sahir Ludhianvi | |
| Birth Name: | Chaudhary Abdul Hayee Gujjar |
| Birth Date: | 1921 3, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Ludhiana, Punjab, British India |
| Death Place: | Mumbai, India |
| Occupation: | Poet, lyricist and writer |
| Education: | S.C.D Government College, Ludhiana |
| Period: | 20th century |
| Genre: | Poetry |
| Subject: | Movie Lyrics |
| Movement: | Progressive Writers' Association |
| Partner: | Sudha Malhotra Amrita Pritam |
| Awards: | Padma Shri (1971) Filmfare Awards (1964 and 1977) |
Chaudhary Abdul Hayee Gujjar (8 March 1921 - 25 October 1980), popularly known by his pen name (takhallus) Sahir Ludhianvi, was an Indian poet who wrote primarily in Urdu in addition to Hindi.[1] He is regarded as one of the greatest film lyricist and poets of 20th century India.[2]
His work influenced Indian cinema, in particular Hindi language films.[3] Sahir won a Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for Taj Mahal (1963). He won a second Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for his work in Kabhie Kabhie (1976). He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1971.[4] [5]
On 8 March 2013, the ninety-second anniversary of Sahir's birth, a commemorative stamp was issued in his honor.[4] [6]
Sahir was born on 8 March 1921, in a red sandstone haveli in Karimpura, Ludhiana, Punjab, British India, into a Punjabi Muslim Gujjar family. This is the reason why he added the suffix Ludhianvi after his name. His mother, Sardar Begum, left her husband thus forfeiting any claim to financial assets from the marriage. In 1934, Sahir's father, Chaudhary Fazal Muhammad Gujjar remarried and sued (acrimoniously and unsuccessfully) for custody of his son. In a recent biography titled Sahir: A Literary Portrait (Oxford University Press) written by US-based author Surinder Deol, the author agrees with the very brief conclusion of Pakistani poet Ahmad Rahi, a friend of Sahir over the years, about Sahir's life story in a nutshell, "In his entire life, Sahir loved once, and he nurtured one hate. He loved his mother, and he hated his father."[5] [7] Sardar Begum required protection from Sahir's father and suffered financial deprivation.[8] Sahir's place of birth is marked with a small plaque on the building's arched entrance.
Sahir was educated at the Khalsa High School in Ludhiana. He then enrolled at the Government College, Ludhiana.[9] The auditorium there is named after him.[10] As a college student, Sahir was popular for his ghazals and nazms (poetry in Urdu) and empassioned speeches.
In 1943, Sahir settled in Lahore. There, he completed Talkhiyaan (Bitterness) (1945), his first published work in Urdu. He was member of All India Students Federation. Sahir edited Urdu magazines such as Adab-e-Lateef, Shahkaar, Prithlari, and Savera[11] and became a member of the Progressive Writers' Association. However, when he made controversial statements promoting Communism, a warrant for his arrest was issued by the Government of Pakistan. In 1949, after partition, Sahir fled from Lahore to Delhi. After eight weeks, Sahir moved to Bombay.[11] He later lived in Andheri, a suburb of Mumbai. There, his neighbours included Gulzar, a poet and lyricist and Krishan Chander, an Urdu litterateur. In the 1970s, Sahir built a bungalow which he called Parchaiyaan (Shadows), after one of his works, and lived there until his death.
On 25 October 1980, at the age of fifty-nine, Sahir died of a sudden cardiac death.[4] He was buried at the Juhu Muslim cemetery. In 2010, his tomb was demolished to make room for new interments.[12]
Sahir's work as a lyricist in the film industry gave him financial stability beyond his earnings as a poet. He made his debut with four songs performed in the film Azadi Ki Raah Par (1949). One of the songs was Badal Rahi Hai Zindagi. Both the film and its songs went unnoticed. However, after Naujawan (1951), with music by S.D. Burman, Sahir gained recognition. Sahir's major success was Baazi (1951). Again, the composer was Burman. Sahir was then considered part of Guru Dutt's team. The last film Sahir made with Burman was Pyaasa (1957).[13] After this film, Sahir and Burman went separate ways due to artistic and contractual differences.[14]
Sahir did work with other composers including Ravi, Roshan, Khayyam and Datta Naik. Datta Naik also credited as N. Datta, a Goan, admired Sahir's poetry and their collaboration produced the score for Milap (1955), Chandrakanta (1956), Sadhna (1958), Dhool Ka Phool (1959), Dharamputra (1961) and Naya Raasta (1970).[15] Sahir also worked with music director Laxmikant–Pyarelal in the films like Man Ki Aankhen (1968), Izzat (1968), Dastaan (1972) and Daag (1973). From about 1950 until his death, Sahir collaborated with Baldev Raj Chopra, a film producer and director. Sahir's last work for Chopra was for Insaaf Ka Tarazu (1980). Yash Chopra, both while directing for B.R.films, and later as an independent director and producer, also engaged Sahir as the lyricist for his films, till Sahir's death.[16]
In 1958, Sahir wrote the lyrics for Ramesh Saigal's film Phir Subah Hogi, which was based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The male lead was played by Raj Kapoor. It was presumed that Shankar–Jaikishan would be the composer but Sahir demanded a composer with a more intimate knowledge of the novel. Khayyam composed the film score. The song Woh Subah Kabhi Toh Aayegi with its minimal background music remains popular. Khayyam collaborated with Sahir in many films including Kabhie Kabhie (1976) and Trishul (1978).[17] [18]
Sahir was a controversial figure in that he was artistically temperamental. He insisted that the film score should be composed for his lyrics and not the other way around. He also insisted on being paid one rupee more than Lata Mangeshkar and this created a rift between them. Sahir promoted his girlfriend, Sudha Malhotra's singing career.[19] He also insisted that All India Radio credit film song lyricists in its broadcasts.
Sahir wrote,
Sahir might be called the "bard for the underdog". Close to his heart were the farmer crushed by debt, the soldier gone to fight someone else's war, the woman forced to sell her body, the youth frustrated by unemployment and the family living on the street for instance. Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India said he was moved by Sahir's lyrics in . Vijay, as he is passing through a red light area sings,
Sahir's poetry was influenced by noted Pakistani poet, Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Like Faiz, Sahir gave Urdu poetry an intellectual element that caught the imagination of the youth of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s and reflected the feelings of the people of that period. He roused people from an independence-induced smugness. He would pick on the self-appointed custodian of religion, the self-serving politician, the exploitative capitalist, and the war-mongering super-powers. Sahir wrote with verve about the arrest of progressive writers in Pakistan; the launch of the satellite Sputnik and the discovery of Ghalib by a government lusting after minority votes. He wrote Kahat-e-Bangal (The Famine of Bengal) at 25 years of age. Subah-e-Navroz (Dawn of a New Day), mocks the way people celebrate while the poor exist in squalor. Of the Taj Mahal, he wrote,
Sahir Ludhianvi asks his lover to meet him anywhere else but at the Taj Mahal: although the tomb has been a symbol of luxurious monarchy for years, there is no need for beautiful (but not famous) hearts to travel to meet there.[9]
Sahir Ludhianvi recited this poetry couplet at his college event, when he was barely 19 years old, and created an uproar in the literary circles:
Tomorrow there will be more who will narrate the love poems. May be someone narrating better than me.May be someone listening better than you. Why should anyone remember me? Why should anyone remember me?Why should the busy age waste its time for me?
The Hindi movie, Pyaasa (1957) now considered a cult classic, is said to be inspired by Sahir's unrequited affection for the Hindi novelist and poet, Amrita Pritam and features several famous songs with lyrics written by him.[24]
Sahir's life has been chronicled by Sabir Dutt[25] and by Chander Verma and Dr. Salman Abid in "Main Sahir Hoon"[8]
In 2010, Danish Iqbal wrote a stage play entitled, Sahir, about the poet's life. It was successfully directed by Pramila Le Hunt in its Delhi premier. It used song to narrate Sahir's life.
Sahir Ludhianvi: the People's Poet by Akshay Manwani[26] The book is the product of interviews and writings about Sahir given by his friends such as Yash Chopra, Dev Anand, Javed Akhtar, Khayyam, Sudha Malhotra, Ravi Chopra and Ravi Sharma. The book also analyses Sahir's poetry and lyrics in the context of his personal life. Sahir's contribution to the Progressive Writers’ Movement is also discussed.[27]
Javed Akhtar, in an interview with Rekhta, has talked about how it is a matter of concern that Sahir's Poetry is still as relevant as it was when he wrote it. He, including many other have always considered Sahir more of a poet than a lyricist, though he played both the roles beautifully.
A feature film based on his life is rumored to be produced by Red Chillies and starring Shah Rukh Khan.[28]
There is a biography written by Samad K. P. A. in Malayalam, Sahir: Aksharangalude Abhijhaarakan.
| Year | Film | Song | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist | |||
| 1959 | Sadhna | Aurat Ne Janam Diya | [29] |
| 1960 | Dhool Ka Phool | Tu Hindu Banega | |
| 1964 | Tajmahal | Jo Waada Kiya | |
| Gumrah | Chalo Ek Bar Phir Se | ||
| 1968 | Hamraaz | Neele Gagan Ke Tale | |
| 1969 | Aankhen | Milti Hai Zindagi Mein | |
| 1977 | Kabhi Kabhie | Kabhi Kabhie Mere Dil Mein | |
| Main Pal Do Pal Ka Shayar | |||
| 1980 | Dada | Dil Ke Tukde Tukde Kar Ke | |