| Saharsa | |
| Pushpin Map: | India Bihar |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Bihar, India |
| Coordinates: | 25.88°N 86.6°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Bihar |
| Subdivision Type2: | Region |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mithila |
| Subdivision Type3: | District |
| Subdivision Name3: | Saharsa |
| Established Date: | 1954 |
| Government Type: | Municipal corporation |
| Governing Body: | Saharsa Municipal Corporation |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Rank: | 2nd in Bihar |
| Area Total Km2: | 243.8 |
| Elevation M: | 41 |
| Population Total: | 1,56,540[1] |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Rank: | 15th in Bihar |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Hindi |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Additional official |
| Demographics1 Info2: | Urdu[2] |
| Demographics1 Title3: | Regional |
| Demographics1 Info3: | Maithili |
| Education Type: | Education |
| Education: | 77.66 (commented out as template does not contain this parameter) --> |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 852201-852154-852221-852127 (Saharsa)[3] |
| Area Code Type: | Telephone code |
| Area Code: | 916478 |
| Registration Plate: | BR-19 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Sex ratio |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 933 females per 1000 males ♂/♀ |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Lok Sabha constituency |
| Blank3 Name Sec1: | Vidhan Sabha constituency |
| Blank3 Info Sec1: | Saharsa |
| Iso Code: | IN-BR |
| Leader Party: | BJP |
| Leader Name: | Alok Ranjan Jha |
| Leader Title: | Member of the Legislative Assembly |
| Leader Title1: | Mayor |
| Leader Name1: | Bain Priya Sanjiv Jha |
Saharsa is a city and municipal corporation in the Saharsa District in the eastern part of the state of Bihar, India. It is situated near the eastern banks of the Kosi River. It serves as the administrative headquarters for the Saharsa District and is also the Divisional headquarters of the Kosi Division.
The name Saharsa originates from the Sanskrit word Sahasra Dhara meaning 'land of thousand river tributaries'. The regional language of the city is Maithili. Alongside Maithili, Hindi is widely understood and spoken.[4]
Important temple as Diwari Asthan(maa vishhara/maa Mansa devi)about 1 km parminiya halt railway station, Mateswar dham (kantho), Maa Katyani mandir (near dhamhra ghat railway station), Tara sthan (mahishi), Kali mandir (matsyagandha)etc.
Saharsa is part of the Mithila region,[5] which first gained prominence after settlement by Indo-Aryan tribes that established the Mithila Kingdom (also known as the Kingdom of the Videhas).[6] During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videhas developed as one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videhas Kingdom were referred to as Janakas.[7]
The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajjika League, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also located in Mithila.[8]
It is a major producer of the best quality Corn and Makhana in India. From Saharsa, corn and Makhana are exported to America, Australia, France, Japan, and England. Every year, 2 lakh metric tons of corn are exported to different countries, and similarly, to Makhana. The following crops are grown in the region: Makhana,[9] rice, mangoes, litchi, bamboo, mustard, corn, wheat, and sugarcane. Apple Ber, Sagwan, or Teak Tectona Grandis trees are grown on a large scale.
Darbhanga Airport is the nearest operational airport roughly 97 km away via road. Spicejet and Indigo operate flights to cities including Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad.One can reach Saharsa by rail and by road from New Delhi, Patna, and Mumbai.
Saharsa is located at .[10] It has an average elevation of 41 metres (134 feet). Saharsa and its surrounding areas occupy a flat alluvial plain forming part of the Kosi river basin. The city lies in the Kosi alluvial megafan, one of the largest alluvial fans in the world. The land is very fertile but frequent changes in the course of the Kosi, one of the largest tributaries of the Ganges,[11] [12] have led to the problems associated with soil erosion. Flooding is a major reason for the poor connectivity of the area; bridges are often washed away. Major flooding occurs almost annually, causing a significant loss of life and property.[13]
The Koshi River and its tributaries flood annually, affecting about 21,000 km2 (8,100 sq mi) of fertile agricultural lands and affecting the rural economy. This is the most devastating river in Bihar, earning it the epithet "Sorrow of Bihar".[14]
The Bagmati River regularly breaches its embankments and frequently changes its meandering courses. The annual rate of deposition of alluvium is very high.. The Gandak River also flows through the southern part of Saharsa.
In 2011, Saharsa had a population of 1,897,102, of which 995,502 and 901,600 were male and female, respectively. There was a change of 25.79 percent in the population compared to the population as of 2001. In the previous census of India in 2001, Saharsa District recorded an increase of 33.03 percent in its population compared to 1991.
The initial provisional data suggest a density of 1,125 in 2011 compared to 895 in 2001. The total area under the Saharsa district is about 1,686 square kilometres (651 sq mi).
The average literacy rate of Saharsa in 2011 was 54.57, compared to 39.08 of 2001. Male and female literacy were 65.22 and 42.73, respectively. For the 2001 census, the same figures stood at 51.66 and 25.27 in Saharsa District. The total number of literates in Saharsa District was 829,206, with 521,560 males and 307,646 females. In 2001, Saharsa District had 465,577 in its total region.
The sex ratio in Saharsa stood at 906 females per 1000 males compared to the 2001 census figure of 910. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per the latest reports of the Census 2011 Directorate.[15]
See also: List of National Highways in India.
is a railway station under the East Central Railway. Saharsa Junction covers up to, Forbesganj Station, and . It is an A-category railway station under the Samastipur railway division. This railway junction has been certified as ISO 14001:2015 for environmental management. Saharsa Junction is one of the top 50 rail ticket booking stations in India and one of the top 3 rail ticket booking stations in ECR. In early 2005, a much-awaited broad gauge line connected it to Khagaria on the New Delhi-Guwahati main line. Earlier, there was only a meter-gauge line on the Khagaria – Mansi – Forbesganj section of the East Central Railway. Saharsa is directly connected to New Delhi, Sealdah, Kolkata, Amritsar, Bandra the Ranchi via Train.
Saharsa is well connected to the other parts of Bihar. The central government of India has selected Saharsa as the highway hub of the state.
Saharsa – Purnia 4-lane Highway (NH107)
Saharsa – Supaul 4-lane Highway (NH327E)
Saharsa – Madhubani Highway (NH527E)
NH527E has the longest River bridge in Indilength, the Length of the bridge is 10 km, The Highway also connects Saharsa to Paradip Sea Port via Darbhanga, Samastipur, Barh, Hazarand Ibagh, Keonjhar to Paradip seaport.
Saharsa does not have an air transport service, though there is an airstrip reserved for government use. Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 88 km away by road. The city is also served by India Post. Its Postal Code is 852201.