Sagittal abdominal diameter explained

Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is a measure of visceral obesity, the amount of fat in the gut region. SAD is the distance from the small of the back to the upper abdomen. SAD may be measured when standing[1] or supine.[2] SAD may be measured at any point from the narrowest point between the last rib and the iliac crests to the midpoint of the iliac crests.[3]

SAD is a strong predictor of coronary disease, with higher values indicating increased risk independent of BMI.

For persons of normal BMI, SAD should be under 25cm (10inches). When this measure exceeds 30cm (10inches) it correlates to increased cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance. For men in their 40s, a SAD greater than 25 cm also predicts significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease 30 years later.[4] An article in Annals of Neurology links visceral fat to lower brain volume.[5]

Supine abdominal height (SAH)

A related measurement is supine abdominal height (SAH), the abdominal height as measured in the supine position.[6] The SAH method is easier for self-monitoring, but gives slightly lower results due to gravity; the values are not directly comparable.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Carlos . Iribarren . Jeanne A. . Darbinian . Joan C. . Lo . Bruce H. . Fireman . Alan S. . Go . 2006 . Value of the Sagittal Abdominal Diameter in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment: Cohort Study in a Large, Multiethnic Population . American Journal of Epidemiology . 164 . 12 . 1150–9 . 10.1093/aje/kwj341 . 17041127. free .
  2. Helena . Petersson . Achraf . Daryani . Ulf . Risérus . 2007 . Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of inflammation and insulin resistance among immigrant women from the Middle East and native Swedish women: a cross-sectional study . Cardiovascular Diabetology . 6 . 10 . 17391519 . 1847804 . 10.1186/1475-2840-6-10 . free .
  3. HA . de Almeida Paula . R . de Cássia Lanes Ribeiro . LEFP . de Lima Rosado . MV . Abranches . S . do Carmo Castro Franceschini . 31 July 2012 . Relationship between waist circumference and supine abdominal height measured at different anatomical sites and cardiometabolic risk factors in older women . Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 25 . 6 . 563–8 . 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01267.x. 23173640 .
  4. 1057–64 . 10.1212/01.wnl.0000306313.89165.ef . Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later . 2008 . Whitmer . R. A. . Gustafson . D. R. . Barrett-Connor . E. . Haan . M. N. . Gunderson . E. P. . Yaffe . K. . Neurology . 71 . 14 . 18367704. 23690423 .
  5. 136–44 . 10.1002/ana.22062 . Visceral fat is associated with lower brain volume in healthy middle-aged adults . 2010 . Debette . Stéphanie . Beiser . Alexa . Alexa Beiser . Hoffmann . Udo . Decarli . Charles . O'Donnell . Christopher J. . Massaro . Joseph M. . Au . Rhoda . Himali . Jayandra J. . Wolf . Philip A. . Fox . Caroline S. . Seshadri . Sudha . Annals of Neurology . 20695006 . 2933649 . 68. 2 .
  6. 2041–6 . 10.2337/diacare.27.8.2041 . Sagittal Abdominal Diameter Is a Strong Anthropometric Marker of Insulin Resistance and Hyperproinsulinemia in Obese Men . 2004 . Riserus . Ulf . Ärnlöv . Johan . Brismar . Kerstin . Zethelius . Björn . Berglund . Lars . Vessby . Bengt . Diabetes Care . 27 . 8 . 15277437. free .

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