Safia Farkash Explained

Safia Farkash
Office:	First Lady of Libya
Term Label:	In role
Leader:	Muammar Gaddafi
Term Start:	10 September 1970
Term End:	20 October 2011
Predecessor:	Fathia Nuri
Successor:	No Data
Office2:	First Lady of African Union
Term Start2:	2 February 2009
Term End2:	31 January 2010
President2:	Muammar Gaddafi
Predecessor2:	Salma Kikwete
Successor2:	Callista Chimombo
Birth Date:	2 May 1952
Birth Place:	Bayda, Libya
Children:	7
Relatives:	Fatima Farkash (sister) Abdullah Senussi (brother-in-law)
Occupation:	businesswoman, politician

Safia Farkash Gaddafi (Arabic: صفية فركاش القذافي, born 2 May 1952) is a Libyan businesswoman. She is the widow of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, former First Lady of Libya and Representative of Sirte, and mother of seven of Gaddafi's eight biological children, some of whom participated in his regime.

Early life

There are two different stories about her origin. One is that Farkash is from a family from the Eastern Libyan Barasa tribe and that she was born in Bayda and trained as a nurse.^[1]

The other story is that Farkash is from Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where she was born as Zsófia Farkas,^{[2] [3]} and is of Bosnian Croat or Hungarian origin.^{[2] [4]}

Personal life

She met Gaddafi when he was hospitalized and treated for appendicitis in 1970.^[5] She became his second wife when they married in Tripoli the same year.^{[6] [7] [8]}

Farkash has seven biological children with Gaddafi and two adopted children:

• Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (born 25 June 1972), her eldest son, was an architect who was long-rumored to be Gaddafi's successor. He has been a spokesman to the Western world, and he has negotiated treaties with Italy and the United States. He was viewed as politically moderate, and in 2006, after criticizing his father's government, he briefly left Libya. In 2007, Gaddafi exchanged angry letters with his son regarding his son's statements admitting the Bulgarian nurses had been tortured. They later reconciled.^[9]
• Al-Saadi Gaddafi (born 25 May 1973), was a professional football player. On 22 August 2011, he was allegedly arrested by the National Liberation Army.^[10] This turned out to be incorrect. In the late evening of 22 August 2011, he spoke with members of the international press.^[11] On 30 August, a senior National Transitional Council official claimed that Al-Saadi Gaddafi had made contact to discuss the terms of his surrender, indicating also that he would wish to remain in Libya.^[12]
• Mutassim Gaddafi (18 December 1974 – 20 October 2011), Gaddafi's fourth son, was a Lieutenant-colonel in the Libyan Army. He later served as Libya's National Security Advisor. He was seen as a possible successor to his father, after Saif al-Islam. Mutassim was killed along with his father after the battle of Sirte.^[13]
• Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (born 20 September 1976),^{[14] [15]} was an employee of the General National Maritime Transport Company, a company that specialized in oil exports. He is most known for his violent incidents in Europe, attacking police officers in Italy (2001), drunk driving (2004), and for assaulting his girlfriend in Paris (2005).^[16] In 2008, he was charged with assaulting two staff in Switzerland, and was imprisoned by Swiss police. The arrest created a strong standoff between Libya and Switzerland.^[17]
• Ayesha Gaddafi (born 25 December 1977),^[18] Farkash's only biological daughter, is a lawyer who joined the defense teams of executed former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi.^[6] In 2006, she married a cousin of her father's, Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi, with whom she has four children (as of 2011).^[19] Two of her children were killed by NATO airstrikes (one with her brother Saif al-Arab Gaddafi on 30 April 2011 and the other with her husband Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi on 26 July 2011). She gave birth to her fourth child in Algeria on 30 August 2011 in Algeria after the death of her husband and two children.
• Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982 – 30 April 2011) was appointed a military commander in the Libyan Army during the Libyan Civil War. Saif al-Arab and three of Farkash's grandchildren were reported killed by a NATO bombing in April 2011. Like the death of Hanna, this is disputed by the organizations alleged to be responsible.^[20]
• Khamis Gaddafi (27 May 1983 – 29 August 2011), her sixth son, who was serving as the commander of the Libyan Army's elite Khamis Brigade. On 30 August 2011, a spokesman for the National Transitional Council said it was "almost certain" Khamis had been killed in Tarhuna during clashes with units of the National Liberation Army.^[21]

She and Gaddafi are rumored to have adopted two children, Hanna and Milad.^{[22] [23]}

• Hana Muammar Gaddafi^[24] (claimed by Gaddafi to be his adopted daughter, but most facts surrounding this claim are disputed) was apparently killed at the age of four, during the retaliatory US bombing raids in 1986.^{[25] [26]} She may not have died; the adoption may have been posthumous; or he may have adopted a second daughter and given her the same name after the first one died.^[27] Following the taking by rebels of the family residence in the Bab al-Azizia compound in Tripoli, The New York Times both reported evidence (complete with photographs) of Hana's life after her declared death, when she became a doctor and worked in a Tripoli hospital. Her passport was reported as showing a birth date of 11 November 1985, making her six months old at the time of the US raid.^[28] However, a Libyan official told the Daily Telegraph that Gaddafi adopted a second daughter and named her Hana in honor of the first one who was killed.^[29]

The family's main residence was in the Bab al-Azizia military barracks, located in the southern suburbs of Tripoli.

Business and other interests

Farkash kept a low profile during the initial period of her marriage to Gaddafi; however, after the release on license of Lockerbie bomber Abdul Baset Ali al-Megrahi in 2009, she took a more public profile. Farkash owns airline Buraq Air, headquartered at Mittiga International Airport.^[1]

Libyan Civil War

See main article: 2011 Libyan Civil War. Farkash stayed with her husband and family through the Libyan Civil War, at their home in Tripoli. After a first round of United Nations sanctions froze the overseas assets of Libya and those personally held by Gaddafi, the governments of France and the United Kingdom enabled a second round of sanctions, which froze an estimated £18 billions of state and personal assets controlled by Farkash.^[30] In May 2011, she gave her first press interview to CNN reporter Nima Elbagir, via mobile telephone.^[31]

As the Battle for Tripoli reached a climax in mid-August, the family were forced to abandon their fortified compound. On 27 August 2011, it was reported by the Egyptian news agency Mena that Libyan rebel fighters had seen six armored Mercedes-Benz sedans, possibly carrying top Gaddafi regime figures, cross the border at the south-western Libyan town of Ghadames towards Algeria, which at the time was denied by the Algerian authorities. On 29 August, the Algerian government officially announced that Safia together with daughter Ayesha and sons Muhammad and Hannibal, had crossed into Algeria early on 29 August.^{[32] [33]} An Algerian Foreign Ministry official said all the people in the convoy were now in Algiers. The family had arrived at a Sahara Desert entry point, in a Mercedes and a bus at 08:45 AM. The number of people in the party was unconfirmed, but there were "many children" and they did not include Gaddafi. Resultantly the group was allowed in on humanitarian grounds, and the Algerian government had since informed the head of the Libyan National Transitional Council, who had made no official request for their return.^[34]

In October 2012 they left a hideaway in Algeria to go to Oman, where they were granted political asylum.^[35]

Sanctions

The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates ordered in March 2012 all banks and financial institutions in the country to freeze the accounts of Safia Farkash and high-ranking officials of the Gaddafi regime.^[36] This order was declared in accordance with the UN Security Council's Resolution No. 1970 of 2011, addressing fifteen Libyans whose bank accounts had been frozen for their involvement in violence against the people of Libya.^[36] In April 2016, she was allowed to return to Libya by the government as part of their efforts to pacify Gaddafi loyalists.^[37]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Libya's first lady owns 20 tons of gold. Al Arabiya. 6 March 2011. 29 August 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035315/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/03/06/140415.html. 9 March 2011.
2. News: Budapest Report – Gaddafi's wife revealed to be Hungarian. https://web.archive.org/web/20110425073602/http://www.budapestreport.com/2011/04/18/gaddafis-wife-revealed-to-be-hungarian/. dead. 25 April 2011. Budapest Report. 18 April 2011. 20 October 2011.
3. News: Word View from Off the Strip – Gaddafi's wife Safiya. Word View from Off the Strip. 25 February 2011. 20 October 2011. 21 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121221052720/http://www.sandraoffthestrip.com/2011/02/25/gaddafis-wife-safiya/. live.
4. News: Gaddafi Could Seek Refuge in Croatia or Serbia? Not Likely. Isa Intel. 29 August 2011. 22 October 2011. 30 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120330014828/http://www.isaintel.com/2011/08/29/gaddafi-could-seek-refuge-in-croatia-or-serbia-not-likely/. live.
5. Web site: United Nations - SC/10541 . 29 June 2017 . 1 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130801005336/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10541.doc.htm . live .
6. News: Ryab. Charkow. Moammar Gadhafi and his family. CBC News. 22 February 2011. 22 February 2011. 18 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121018005502/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/02/22/f-gadhafi-family.html. live.
7. News: Mandela hails South Africa election results. CNN. 6 June 1999. 28 February 2011. 25 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121025150458/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9906/06/safrica.elex/index.html. live.
8. Web site: OMG: Gaddafi's Wife is Hungarian! - Pestiside.hu . 29 August 2011 . 23 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110423040154/http://www.pestiside.hu/20110414/omg-gaddafis-wife-is-hungarian/ . dead .
9. Web site: Libya's Gaddaffi Angry with His Son for Admitting Torture of Bulgarian Nurses. The Sofia Echo. 13 August 2007. 1 September 2011. 8 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121208185745/http://sofiaecho.com/2007/08/13/655186_libyas-gaddaffi-angry-with-his-son-for-admitting-torture-of-bulgarian-nurses. live.
10. News: Waxman. Sharon. Saadi Gadhafi, Hollywood Investor and Dictator's Son, Arrested. Reuters. 21 August 2011. 1 September 2011. 16 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160816200542/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUS63199146720110821. live.
11. News: Gaddafi son Saif at Tripoli hotel after arrest report. Reuters. 23 August 2011. 1 September 2011. Missy. Ryan. 10 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160310030347/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-saif-idUSTRE77M01S20110823. live.
12. Web site: Gaddafi's son 'ready to surrender'. Al Jazeera English. 30 August 2011. 1 September 2011. 1 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110901050247/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/08/2011830213148793401.html. live.
13. Web site: Libya 20 October 2011Al Jazeera Blogs . 20 October 2011 . 16 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095500/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/liveblog/libya-oct-20-2011-2013 . live .
14. Web site: Gaddafi's son reveals details about his abduction from Syria – Middle East Monitor . 4 February 2022 . 4 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204094348/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190205-gaddafis-son-reveals-details-about-his-abduction-from-syria/amp/ . live .
15. Web site: INTERPOL issues global alert following threat identified in UN sanctions resolution targeting Libya's Colonel Al-Qadhafi and others. Interpol. 1 September 2011. 4 March 2011. 3. 23 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121223011244/http://www.interpol.int/. dead.
16. News: Hannibal gives Gaddafi a bad name. The Times. London. Charles. Bremner. 4 February 2005. 13 May 2010. 29 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629132859/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article510293.ece. live.
17. Tages-Anzeiger, 17 August 2009 ; The Australian, 17 August 2009 .
18. Web site: Archived copy . 13 December 2023 . 30 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210330032608/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/03/28/2011-7225/additional-identifying-information-associated-with-persons-whose-property-and-interests-in-property . live .
19. News: Elizabeth Flock. Aisha Gaddafi gives birth to baby girl hours after fleeing to Algeria. Washington Post blogs. 30 August 2011. 8 April 2015. 11 May 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150511080540/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/post/aisha-gaddafi-gives-birth-to-baby-girl-hours-after-fleeing-to-algeria/2011/08/30/gIQAIDLRpJ_blog.html. live.
20. "Qaddafi Is Said to Survive NATO Airstrike That Kills Son" The New York Times 30 April 2011 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/world/africa/01libya.html
21. News: Gaddafi son Khamis, spy chief believed dead: rebels. Reuters. 30 August 2011. 1 September 2011. 6 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306095030/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-khamis-idUSTRE77S18M20110830. live.
22. Web site: Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi v. The Daily Telegraph. 21 August 2002. 9 August 2008. 18 January 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130118214901/http://www.libya-watanona.com/news/n21aug2a.htm. dead.
23. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12531442 The Gaddafi family tree
24. name spelling per English language class certificate shown in reference
25. Web site: See Accuracy in Media article here . 29 August 2011 . 12 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190812005501/https://www.aim.org/aim-column/nbc%E2%80%99s-mitchell-regurgitates-gaddafi-lies/ . dead .
26. News: Hana Gaddafi, Libyan Leader's Presumed Dead Daughter, May Be Still Alive: Reports. HuffPost. 9 August 2011. 1 September 2011. Curtis. Wong. 30 September 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110930052513/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/09/hana-gaddafi-libyan-leader-daughter-alive-_n_922043.html. live.
27. Web site: Dental records for Hana Gaddafi reopen mystery of Libyan leader's daughter. Feb17.info. 12 August 2011. 11 September 2011. 19 January 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120119101115/http://feb17.info/news/dental-records-for-hana-gaddafi-reopen-mystery-of-libyan-leaders-daughter/. dead.
28. News: 27 August 2011. The New York Times. Enigmatic in Power, Qaddafi Is Elusive at Large. Anthony Shadid.
29. News: Dental Records for Hanna Gaddafi reopen mystery of Muammar Gaddafi's daughter. The Daily Telegraph. 12 August 2011. 30 August 2011. London. 31 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110831161357/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8698804/Dental-records-for-Hana-Gaddafi-reopen-mystery-of-Muammar-Gaddafis-daughter.html. live.
30. Web site: Britain seeks UN help to target Gaddafi wife's £18bn. This Is London. 19 April 2011. 29 August 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111124045617/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23942752-britain-seeks-un-help-to-target-gaddafi-wifes-pound-18bn.do. 24 November 2011.
31. http://feb17.info/media/cnn-first-interview-with-gaddafis-wife-safia/ CNN: First Interview with Gaddafi's Wife Safia |
32. News: Gaddafi's family escape Libya net to cross into Algeria. The Guardian. 29 August 2011. 29 August 2011. London. Luke. Harding. Martin. Chulov. Chris. Stephen. 19 November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121119074738/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/29/gaddafi-family-escape-libya-algeria. live.
33. News: Libya conflict: Gaddafi family 'flee to Algeria'. BBC News. 29 August 2011. 29 August 2011. 30 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110830051517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14709896. live.
34. News: Qaddafi's Wife and 3 of His Children Flee to Algeria. The Washington Post. 29 August 2011. 29 August 2011. Kareem. Fahim. Neil. MacFarquhar. 28 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111028024336/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/world/africa/30libya.html. live.
35. News: Muammar Gaddafi’s Daughter Thrown Out of Algeria After Starting Fires in Safe House . . 3 April 2013 . 4 January 2023 . 4 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230104110909/https://world.time.com/2013/04/03/muammar-gaddafis-daughter-thrown-out-of-algeria-after-starting-fires-in-safe-house/ . live .
36. News: Haider. Haseeb. UAE freezes bank accounts of Gaddafi's wife, aide. 23 July 2012. Khaleej Times. 9 March 2012. 3 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120403063541/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/theuae/2012/March/theuae_March258.xml&section=theuae. live.
37. News: Freeman. Colin. Gaddafi's widow allowed back to Libya as part of 'reconciliation' drive. 9 May 2016. The Telegraph. 13 October 2016. 11 May 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160511173315/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/09/gaddafis-ex-widow-allowed-to-return-to-libya-after-five-years-in/. live.