| Sa Kaeo | |
| Native Name: | สระแก้ว |
| Native Name Lang: | th |
| Settlement Type: | Province |
| Motto: | ชายแดนเบื้องบูรพา ป่างามน้ำตกสวย มากด้วยรอยอารยธรรมโบราณ ย่านการค้าไทย-เขมร ("The Eastern border. Beautiful forests and waterfalls. Rich in ancient history. The Thai-Khmer commercial area.") |
| Mapsize: | frameless |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Thailand |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Sa Kaeo |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Parinya Phothisat (since October 2021) |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 7195 |
| Area Rank: | Ranked 27th |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 564,092 |
| Population As Of: | 2018 |
| Population Rank: | Ranked 45th |
| Population Density Km2: | 78 |
| Population Density Rank: | Ranked 64th |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP |
| Demographics2 Footnotes: | [3] |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Total |
| Demographics2 Info1: | baht 45 billion (US$1.6 billion) (2019) |
| Demographics Type1: | Human Achievement Index |
| Demographics1 Footnotes: | [4] |
| Demographics1 Title1: | HAI (2022) |
| Demographics1 Info1: | 0.6207 "low" Ranked 66th |
| Timezone1: | ICT |
| Utc Offset1: | +7 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 27xxx |
| Area Code Type: | Calling code |
| Area Code: | 037 |
| Iso Code: | TH-27 |
Sa Kaeo (Thai: [[:wikt: สระแก้ว|สระแก้ว]], in Thai pronounced as /sàʔ kɛ̂ːw/) is one of the 76 provinces (changwat) and lies in eastern Thailand about 200 km from Bangkok. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Chanthaburi, Chachoengsao, Prachinburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Buriram. To the east it borders Banteay Meanchey and Battambang of Cambodia.
Sa Kaeo became a province in 1993, when the six districts Sa Kaeo, Khlong Hat, Wang Nam Yen, Aranyaprathet, Ta Phraya, and Watthana Nakhon of Prachinburi province were elevated to provincial status.[5] It is thus one of the four newest provinces of Thailand, together with Amnat Charoen, Nong Bua Lamphu, and most recently, Bueng Kan.
The province is overwhelmingly Theravada Buddhist (99.4 percent).[6]
In 1979 Sa Kaeo Refugee Camp was established northwest of Sa Kaeo town. It closed in 1989, but the legacy of the border clashes of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s is ever present. The largest land mine field in the world was planted along the Thai-Cambodia border according to some experts. Almost 4,000 people have been injured or killed by landmines in Thailand since the border battles—19 persons in 2017 alone. According to a survey conducted in 2001, 27 of Thailand's 76 provinces were plagued with land mines, impacting more than 530 communities and some 500,000 people. Thailand still has approximately 409 km2 of mined area to clear scattered around the country. With an annual clearance rate of about one km2 between 2011 and 2015 the problem will not soon disappear.[7]
left|thumb|250px|Sa Kaeo Sa Khwan
The name Sa Kaeo, literally 'crystal pond', refers to two ponds (Sa Kaeo Sa Khwan) containing water thought to be sacred once used for the coronation ceremony. The name of the province originated with this place, now the ponds lie inside a public park next to Mueang Sa Kaeo Municipality Office.[8]
The north of the province is covered with the forested mountains of the Sankamphaeng Range and the Dangrek Mountains. The total forest area in 2021 is 1506km² or 22 percent of provincial area.[9] To the south are the foothills of the Cardamom Mountains, which are mostly deforested.
There are two national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 1 (Prachinburi) of Thailand's protected areas.
The provincial seal shows the sun rising over archaeological ruins, Prasat Khao Noi Si Chompu, a significant Khmer temple.[11] The rising sun symbolizes the location of the province in the east. In the front is a Buddha image in a pond with lotus flowers.[12]
The provincial tree is Phyllanthus emblica. The provincial flower is the Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata).
The provincial slogan is "Frontier of the east, beautiful forests, splendid waterfalls, ancient civilisations, Thai-Cambodian commerce".
Sa Kaeo is divided into nine districts (amphoe). The districts are further divided into 59 subdistricts (tambons) and 619 villages (mubans).
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As of 26 November 2019 the province had one Provincial Administration Organisation (PAO) (Thai: ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 16 municipalities (thesaban): Sa Kaeo, Aranyaprathet, and Wang Nam Yen had town (thesaban mueang) status, with a further 13 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon).[13] (Non-municipal areas are administered by 49 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations (SAO) (ongkan borihan suan tambon).[2]
| Health | Education | Employment | Income | |
| 44 | 55 | 62 | 62 | |
| Housing | Family | Transport | Participation | |
| 5 | 49 | 75 | 44 | |
| Province Sa Kaeo, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6207 is "low", occupies place 66 in the ranking. | ||||
| Rank | Classification | |
| 1 - 13 | "high" | |
| 14 - 29 | "somewhat high" | |
| 30 - 45 | "average" | |
| 46 - 61 | "somewhat low" | |
| 62 - 77 | "low" |