| Group: | Upper Egyptians (Sa'idis) صعايدة Coptic: ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲣⲏⲥ |
| Population: | ca. 40 million (2020 estimate) |
| Langs: | Sa'idi Arabic Egyptian Arabic (auxiliary) |
| Rels: | Predominantly Sunni Islam; Coptic Orthodox Christian, Sufi and Baháʼí Faith minorities[1] |
| Native Name: | Saa’yda |
A Ṣa‘īdī (Coptic: ⲣⲉⲙⲣⲏⲥ Remris) is a person from Upper Egypt (Coptic: ⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ Maris).[2]
The word literally means "from Ṣa‘īd" (i.e. Upper Egypt), and can also refer to a form of music originating there,[3] or to the dialect spoken by Sa‘idis. The Arabic word Ṣa‘īd, as a geographical term, means "highland, upland, plateau".[4] The suffix -i forms an adjective. The word Ṣa‘īdi is pronounced in the dialect itself as pronounced as /[sˤɑˈʕiːdi]/ or pronounced as /[sˤɑˈʕiːdej]/ and the plural is pronounced as /[sˤɑˈʕɑːjda]/ or pronounced as /[sˤɑˈʕɑːjde]/, while pronounced in Egyptian Arabic (Northern Egyptian) as pronounced as /sˤeˈʕiːdi/ and the plural is pronounced as /sˤɑˈʕɑjdɑ/.
In the Sahidic (Upper Egyptian) dialect of Coptic, the name for a person from Upper Egypt is (pronounced rem/rīs) meaning "person of the South" or (pronounced rem/pma/rīs or rem/ma/rīs) "person of (the) place of the south (i.e. Upper Egypt)".[5]
Approximately 40% of Egyptians live in Upper Egypt, and 80% of Egypt's severe poverty is concentrated in Upper Egypt.[6] The settling of family disputes and blood feuds by firearms (often antiquated, such as Mauser rifle) since at least the 1940s is a long cultural trend in the community, especially in the Hamradoum and Nag Hammadi areas. Weapons smuggling from Libya and Sudan is also notable in the area.[7]
Ṣa‘īdis and their dialect are the subject of numerous Egyptian stereotypes and ethnic jokes, mainly from the upper-class Egyptians who own businesses in Egypt's major cities and used to hire Upper Egyptian workers in construction fields. They are popularly assumed to be rural simpletons by other Egyptians. An example of such stereotyping is the popular 1998 film Ṣa‘īdi fil-Gama‘a al-Amrikiya ("A Ṣa‘īdi in the American University") starring Mohamed Henedi, whose main character is portrayed as less fashionable than the other Egyptian students of the American University in Cairo.
The Upper Egyptians follow Islam and Christianity as Upper Egypt has a significant Christian population and a rich Coptic Christian history. For instance, Sahidic was the leading Coptic dialect in the pre-Islamic period. In the last few decades the high proportion of Coptic Christians in Upper Egypt has enabled some Christians to hold prominent political posts there. For instance, Qena Governorate had a Coptic Christian governor in 2011. Sahidic dialect of Coptic is used as a liturgical language by the clergy and among Sa'idi Coptic Christians.