SYN3 explained

Synapsin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYN3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. The protein encoded by this gene shares the synapsin family domain model, with domains A, C, and E exhibiting the highest degree of conservation. The protein contains a unique domain J, located between domains C and E. Based on this gene's localization to 22q12.3, a possible schizophrenia susceptibility locus, and the established neurobiological roles of the synapsins, this family member may represent a candidate gene for schizophrenia. The TIMP3 gene is located within an intron of this gene and is transcribed in the opposite direction. Alternative splicing of this gene results in six transcript variants; however, only two variants have been fully described.^[3]

Further reading

• Hosaka M, Südhof TC . Homo- and heterodimerization of synapsins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 24 . 16747–53 . 1999 . 10358015 . 10.1074/jbc.274.24.16747 . free .
• Kao HT, Porton B, Hilfiker S, etal . Molecular evolution of the synapsin gene family. . J. Exp. Zool. . 285 . 4 . 360–77 . 2000 . 10578110 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19991215)285:4<360::AID-JEZ4>3.0.CO;2-3 .
• Porton B, Kao HT, Greengard P . Characterization of transcripts from the synapsin III gene locus. . J. Neurochem. . 73 . 6 . 2266–71 . 1999 . 10582583 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732266.x . 35368177 .
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, etal . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . 1999Natur.402..489D . free .
• Tsai MT, Hung CC, Tsai CY, etal . Mutation analysis of synapsin III gene in schizophrenia. . Am. J. Med. Genet. . 114 . 1 . 79–83 . 2002 . 11840510 . 10.1002/ajmg.10116 .
• Jaffrey SR, Benfenati F, Snowman AM, etal . Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase localization mediated by a ternary complex with synapsin and CAPON. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 5 . 3199–204 . 2002 . 11867766 . 10.1073/pnas.261705799 . 122496 . 2002PNAS...99.3199J . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Porton B, Ferreira A, DeLisi LE, Kao HT . A rare polymorphism affects a mitogen-activated protein kinase site in synapsin III: possible relationship to schizophrenia. . Biol. Psychiatry . 55 . 2 . 118–25 . 2004 . 14732590 . 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.002 . 20910529 .
• Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, etal . A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. . Genome Biol. . 5 . 10 . R84 . 2005 . 15461802 . 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 . 545604 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Lachman HM, Stopkova P, Rafael MA, Saito T . Association of schizophrenia in African Americans to polymorphism in synapsin III gene. . Psychiatr. Genet. . 15 . 2 . 127–32 . 2005 . 15900227 . 10.1097/00041444-200506000-00009 . 13481385 .
• Lachman HM, Stopkova P, Papolos DF, etal . Analysis of synapsin III-196 promoter mutation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. . Neuropsychobiology . 53 . 2 . 57–62 . 2006 . 16511335 . 10.1159/000091720 . 19172442 .
• Makkar R, Gomez L, Wigg KG, etal . The gene for synapsin III and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. . Psychiatr. Genet. . 17 . 2 . 109–12 . 2007 . 17413450 . 10.1097/YPG.0b013e328012a0c6 . 28799136 .

Notes and References

1. Kao HT, Porton B, Czernik AJ, Feng J, Yiu G, Haring M, Benfenati F, Greengard P . A third member of the synapsin gene family . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 95 . 8 . 4667–72 . May 1998 . 9539796 . 22548 . 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4667 . 1998PNAS...95.4667K . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SYN3 synapsin III.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: SYN3 synapsin III.