60S ribosomal protein L7a explained

60S ribosomal protein L7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL7A gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Cytoplasmic ribosomes, organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L7AE family of ribosomal proteins. It can interact with a subclass of nuclear hormone receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor, and inhibit their ability to transactivate by preventing their binding to their DNA response elements. This gene is included in the surfeit gene cluster, a group of very tightly linked genes that do not share sequence similarity. It is co-transcribed with the U24, U36a, U36b, and U36c small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in its second, fifth, fourth, and sixth introns, respectively. This gene rearranges with the trk proto-oncogene to form the chimeric oncogene trk-2h, which encodes an oncoprotein consisting of the N terminus of ribosomal protein L7a fused to the receptor tyrosine kinase domain of trk. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins. . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Colombo P, Fried M . Functional elements of the ribosomal protein L7a (rpL7a) gene promoter region and their conservation between mammals and birds . Nucleic Acids Res. . 20 . 13 . 3367–73 . 1992 . 1630908 . 10.1093/nar/20.13.3367 . 312491 .
• Ben-Ishai R, Scharf R, Sharon R, Kapten I . A human cellular sequence implicated in trk oncogene activation is DNA damage inducible . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 16 . 6039–43 . 1990 . 1696715 . 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6039 . 54467 . 1990PNAS...87.6039B . free .
• Colombo P, Yon J, Fried M . The organization and expression of the human L7a ribosomal protein gene . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1129 . 1 . 93–5 . 1992 . 1756182 . 10.1016/0167-4781(91)90218-b.
• Ming-Jer Tsai . Burris TP, Nawaz Z, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW . A nuclear hormone receptor-associated protein that inhibits transactivation by the thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 21 . 9525–9 . 1995 . 7568167 . 10.1073/pnas.92.21.9525 . 40834 . 1995PNAS...92.9525B . free .
• Qu LH, Henry Y, Nicoloso M, etal . U24, a novel intron-encoded small nucleolar RNA with two 12 nt long, phylogenetically conserved complementarities to 28S rRNA . Nucleic Acids Res. . 23 . 14 . 2669–76 . 1995 . 7651828 . 10.1093/nar/23.14.2669 . 307091 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Seshadri T, Uzman JA, Oshima J, Campisi J . Identification of a transcript that is down-regulated in senescent human fibroblasts. Cloning, sequence analysis, and regulation of the human L7 ribosomal protein gene . J. Biol. Chem. . 268 . 25 . 18474–80 . 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)46650-6 . 8360149 . free .
• De Falco S, Russo G, Angiolillo A, Pietropaolo C . Human L7a ribosomal protein: sequence, structural organization, and expression of a functional gene . Gene . 126 . 2 . 227–35 . 1993 . 8482538 . 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90371-9 .
• Yon J, Jones T, Garson K, etal . The organization and conservation of the human Surfeit gene cluster and its localization telomeric to the c-abl and can proto-oncogenes at chromosome band 9q34.1 . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 2 . 3 . 237–40 . 1993 . 8499913 . 10.1093/hmg/2.3.237 .
• Nicoloso M, Qu LH, Michot B, Bachellerie JP . Intron-encoded, antisense small nucleolar RNAs: the characterization of nine novel species points to their direct role as guides for the 2'-O-ribose methylation of rRNAs . J. Mol. Biol. . 260 . 2 . 178–95 . 1996 . 8764399 . 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0391 .
• Mor O, Duhig T, Fried M . A high frequency polymorphism in the candidate region for tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) at 9q34 . Ann. Hum. Genet. . 60 . Pt 3 . 259–60 . 1996 . 8800442 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1996.tb00429.x . 31900112 .
• Russo G, Ricciardelli G, Pietropaolo C . Different domains cooperate to target the human ribosomal L7a protein to the nucleus and to the nucleoli . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 8 . 5229–35 . 1997 . 9030593 . 10.1074/jbc.272.8.5229 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, etal . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes . Genome Res. . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509. free .
• Gilley J, Fried M . Evolution of U24 and U36 snoRNAs encoded within introns of vertebrate rpL7a gene homologs: unique features of mammalian U36 variants . DNA Cell Biol. . 17 . 7 . 591–602 . 1998 . 9703018 . 10.1089/dna.1998.17.591 .
• Lalli E, Ohe K, Hindelang C, Sassone-Corsi P . Orphan receptor DAX-1 is a shuttling RNA binding protein associated with polyribosomes via mRNA . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 13 . 4910–21 . 2000 . 10848616 . 10.1128/MCB.20.13.4910-4921.2000 . 85942 .

Notes and References

1. Ziemiecki A, Muller RG, Fu XC, Hynes NE, Kozma S . Oncogenic activation of the human trk proto-oncogene by recombination with the ribosomal large subunit protein L7a . EMBO J . 9 . 1 . 191–6 . Feb 1990 . 2403926 . 551645 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08095.x.
2. Kozma SC, Redmond SM, Fu XC, Saurer SM, Groner B, Hynes NE . Activation of the receptor kinase domain of the trk oncogene by recombination with two different cellular sequences . EMBO J . 7 . 1 . 147–54 . May 1988 . 2966065 . 454232 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02794.x.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPL7A ribosomal protein L7a.