STX4 explained

Syntaxin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX4 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Interactions

STX4 has been shown to interact with:

• Gelsolin,^[4]
• NAPA,^[5]
• RAB4A,^[6]
• SNAP-25,^{[7] [8] [9] [10]}
• SNAP23,^{[8] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}
• STXBP1,^{[7] [17]}
• STXBP5,^[18]
• Syntaxin binding protein 3,^{[17] [18]}
• TXLNB,^[19]
• VAMP2,^{[9] [14] [20] [21]}
• VAMP3,^{[5] [11] [14]} and
• Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8.^{[14] [22]}

Further reading

• Bennett MK, García-Arrarás JE, Elferink LA, Peterson K, Fleming AM, Hazuka CD, Scheller RH . The syntaxin family of vesicular transport receptors . Cell . 74 . 5 . 863–73 . Sep 1993 . 7690687 . 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90466-4 . 37698687 .
• Li C, Ullrich B, Zhang JZ, Anderson RG, Brose N, Südhof TC . Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent activities of neural and non-neural synaptotagmins . Nature . 375 . 6532 . 594–9 . Jun 1995 . 7791877 . 10.1038/375594a0 . 1995Natur.375..594L . 4265549 .
• Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, Grusovin J, Verkuylen A, Cosgrove L, Alafaci A, Frenkel MJ, Ward CW . Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in addition to syntaxin 4 and synaptobrevins 1 and 2 . The Biochemical Journal . 317 . Pt 3 . 945–54 . Aug 1996 . 8760387 . 1217577 . 10.1042/bj3170945.
• Mandon B, Chou CL, Nielsen S, Knepper MA . Syntaxin-4 is localized to the apical plasma membrane of rat renal collecting duct cells: possible role in aquaporin-2 trafficking . The Journal of Clinical Investigation . 98 . 4 . 906–13 . Aug 1996 . 8770861 . 507504 . 10.1172/JCI118873 .
• Timmers KI, Clark AE, Omatsu-Kanbe M, Whiteheart SW, Bennett MK, Holman GD, Cushman SW . Identification of SNAP receptors in rat adipose cell membrane fractions and in SNARE complexes co-immunoprecipitated with epitope-tagged N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein . The Biochemical Journal . 320 . Pt 2 . 429–36 . Dec 1996 . 8973549 . 1217948 . 10.1042/bj3200429.
• Tellam JT, Macaulay SL, McIntosh S, Hewish DR, Ward CW, James DE . Characterization of Munc-18c and syntaxin-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Putative role in insulin-dependent movement of GLUT-4 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 10 . 6179–86 . Mar 1997 . 9045631 . 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6179 . free .
• Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M . Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 234 . 1 . 257–62 . May 1997 . 9168999 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560 . 20.500.14094/D2002245 . free .
• Inoue T, Nielsen S, Mandon B, Terris J, Kishore BK, Knepper MA . SNAP-23 in rat kidney: colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles . The American Journal of Physiology . 275 . 5 Pt 2 . F752-60 . Nov 1998 . 9815132 . 10.1152/ajprenal.1998.275.5.F752.
• Reed GL, Houng AK, Fitzgerald ML . Human platelets contain SNARE proteins and a Sec1p homologue that interacts with syntaxin 4 and is phosphorylated after thrombin activation: implications for platelet secretion . Blood . 93 . 8 . 2617–26 . Apr 1999 . 10194441 . 10.1182/blood.V93.8.2617.
• Min J, Okada S, Kanzaki M, Elmendorf JS, Coker KJ, Ceresa BP, Syu LJ, Noda Y, Saltiel AR, Pessin JE . Synip: a novel insulin-regulated syntaxin 4-binding protein mediating GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes . Molecular Cell . 3 . 6 . 751–60 . Jun 1999 . 10394363 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)80007-1 . free .
• Thomas DM, Ferguson GD, Herschman HR, Elferink LA . Functional and biochemical analysis of the C2 domains of synaptotagmin IV . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 10 . 7 . 2285–95 . Jul 1999 . 10397765 . 25443 . 10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285 .
• Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jäger D, Jäger E, Knuth A, Chen YT, Old LJ . Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma . International Journal of Cancer . 83 . 4 . 456–64 . Nov 1999 . 10508479 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19991112)83:4<456::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-5 . free .
• Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M . Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in RBL-2H3 mast cells: functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-containing secretory compartment . Journal of Immunology . 164 . 11 . 5850–7 . Jun 2000 . 10820264 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5850 . free .
• Li L, Omata W, Kojima I, Shibata H . Direct interaction of Rab4 with syntaxin 4 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 7 . 5265–73 . Feb 2001 . 11063739 . 10.1074/jbc.M003883200 . free .
• Logan MR, Lacy P, Bablitz B, Moqbel R . Expression of eosinophil target SNAREs as potential cognate receptors for vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 in exocytosis . The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology . 109 . 2 . 299–306 . Feb 2002 . 11842301 . 10.1067/mai.2002.121453 . free .
• Dent J, Kato K, Peng XR, Martinez C, Cattaneo M, Poujol C, Nurden P, Nurden A, Trimble WS, Ware J . A prototypic platelet septin and its participation in secretion . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 5 . 3064–9 . Mar 2002 . 11880646 . 122473 . 10.1073/pnas.052715199 . free .
• Perskvist N, Roberg K, Kulyté A, Stendahl O . Rab5a GTPase regulates fusion between pathogen-containing phagosomes and cytoplasmic organelles in human neutrophils . Journal of Cell Science . 115 . Pt 6 . 1321–30 . Mar 2002 . 10.1242/jcs.115.6.1321 . 11884531 . free .
• Polgár J, Chung SH, Reed GL . Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP-3) and VAMP-8 are present in human platelets and are required for granule secretion . Blood . 100 . 3 . 1081–3 . Aug 2002 . 12130530 . 10.1182/blood.V100.3.1081 . free .
• Scales SJ, Hesser BA, Masuda ES, Scheller RH . Amisyn, a novel syntaxin-binding protein that may regulate SNARE complex assembly . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 31 . 28271–9 . Aug 2002 . 12145319 . 10.1074/jbc.M204929200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Li H, Hodge DR, Pei GK, Seth A . Isolation and sequence analysis of the human syntaxin-encoding gene . Gene . 143 . 2 . 303–4 . Jun 1994 . 8206394 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90117-1 .
2. Low SH, Vasanji A, Nanduri J, He M, Sharma N, Koo M, Drazba J, Weimbs T . Syntaxins 3 and 4 are concentrated in separate clusters on the plasma membrane before the establishment of cell polarity . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 17 . 2 . 977–89 . Feb 2006 . 16339081 . 1356605 . 10.1091/mbc.E05-05-0462 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: STX4 Syntaxin 4.
4. Kalwat MA, Wiseman DA, Luo W, Wang Z, Thurmond DC . Gelsolin associates with the N terminus of syntaxin 4 to regulate insulin granule exocytosis . Molecular Endocrinology . Baltimore, Md. . 26 . 1 . 128–41 . January 2012 . 22108804 . 3248323 . 10.1210/me.2011-1112 .
5. Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . Oct 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
6. Li L, Omata W, Kojima I, Shibata H . Direct interaction of Rab4 with syntaxin 4 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 7 . 5265–73 . Feb 2001 . 11063739 . 10.1074/jbc.M003883200 . free .
7. Hata Y, Südhof TC . A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 270 . 22 . 13022–8 . Jun 1995 . 7768895 . 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022. free .
8. Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA . Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 271 . 23 . 13300–3 . Jun 1996 . 8663154 . 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300. free .
9. Reed GL, Houng AK, Fitzgerald ML . Human platelets contain SNARE proteins and a Sec1p homologue that interacts with syntaxin 4 and is phosphorylated after thrombin activation: implications for platelet secretion . Blood . 93 . 8 . 2617–26 . Apr 1999 . 10194441 . 10.1182/blood.V93.8.2617.
10. Steegmaier M, Yang B, Yoo JS, Huang B, Shen M, Yu S, Luo Y, Scheller RH . Three novel proteins of the syntaxin/SNAP-25 family . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 51 . 34171–9 . Dec 1998 . 9852078 . 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34171. free .
11. Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H . Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane . Archives of Oral Biology . 48 . 8 . 597–604 . Aug 2003 . 12828989 . 10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00116-x.
12. Li G, Alexander EA, Schwartz JH . Syntaxin isoform specificity in the regulation of renal H+-ATPase exocytosis . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 22 . 19791–7 . May 2003 . 12651853 . 10.1074/jbc.M212250200 . free .
13. Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M . Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 234 . 1 . 257–62 . May 1997 . 9168999 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560 . 20.500.14094/D2002245 . free .
14. Paumet F, Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M . Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in RBL-2H3 mast cells: functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-containing secretory compartment . Journal of Immunology . 164 . 11 . 5850–7 . Jun 2000 . 10820264 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5850. free .
15. Kawanishi M, Tamori Y, Okazawa H, Araki S, Shinoda H, Kasuga M . Role of SNAP23 in insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediation of complex formation between syntaxin4 and VAMP2 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 11 . 8240–7 . Mar 2000 . 10713150 . 10.1074/jbc.275.11.8240. free .
16. Freedman SJ, Song HK, Xu Y, Sun ZY, Eck MJ . Homotetrameric structure of the SNAP-23 N-terminal coiled-coil domain . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 15 . 13462–7 . Apr 2003 . 12556468 . 10.1074/jbc.M210483200 . free .
17. Schraw TD, Lemons PP, Dean WL, Whiteheart SW . A role for Sec1/Munc18 proteins in platelet exocytosis . The Biochemical Journal . 374 . Pt 1 . 207–17 . Aug 2003 . 12773094 . 1223584 . 10.1042/BJ20030610 .
18. Widberg CH, Bryant NJ, Girotti M, Rea S, James DE . Tomosyn interacts with the t-SNAREs syntaxin4 and SNAP23 and plays a role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 37 . 35093–101 . Sep 2003 . 12832401 . 10.1074/jbc.M304261200 . free .
19. Nogami S, Satoh S, Tanaka-Nakadate S, Yoshida K, Nakano M, Terano A, Shirataki H . Identification and characterization of taxilin isoforms . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 319 . 3 . 936–43 . Jul 2004 . 15184072 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.073 .
20. Mollinedo F, Martín-Martín B, Calafat J, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA . Role of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, through Q-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor/R-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor interaction, in the exocytosis of specific and tertiary granules of human neutrophils . Journal of Immunology . 170 . 2 . 1034–42 . Jan 2003 . 12517971 . 10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.1034. free .
21. Jagadish MN, Fernandez CS, Hewish DR, Macaulay SL, Gough KH, Grusovin J, Verkuylen A, Cosgrove L, Alafaci A, Frenkel MJ, Ward CW . Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in addition to syntaxin 4 and synaptobrevins 1 and 2 . The Biochemical Journal . 317 . 3. 945–54 . Aug 1996 . 8760387 . 1217577 . 10.1042/bj3170945.
22. Polgár J, Chung SH, Reed GL . Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP-3) and VAMP-8 are present in human platelets and are required for granule secretion . Blood . 100 . 3 . 1081–3 . Aug 2002 . 12130530 . 10.1182/blood.v100.3.1081. free .