Syntaxin 3 Explained

Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein^[1] which in humans is encoded by the STX3 gene.^{[2] [3]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the syntaxin family of cellular receptors for transport vesicles which participate in exocytosis in neutrophils.^[2] STX3 has an important role in the growth of neurites and serves as a direct target for omega-6 arachidonic acid.^[4] Mutations in Syntaxin 3 cause Microvillus inclusion disease.^[5]

Interactions

Syntaxin 3 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25,^{[6] [7] [8]} SNAP23^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} and SNAP29.^[8]

Further reading

• Ibaraki K, Horikawa HP, Morita T, Mori H, Sakimura K, Mishina M, Saisu H, Abe T . Identification of four different forms of syntaxin 3 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 211 . 3 . 997–1005 . 1995 . 7598732 . 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1910 .
• Hata Y, Südhof TC . A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 22 . 13022–8 . 1995 . 7768895 . 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022 . free .
• Li C, Ullrich B, Zhang JZ, Anderson RG, Brose N, Südhof TC . Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent activities of neural and non-neural synaptotagmins . Nature . 375 . 6532 . 594–9 . 1995 . 7791877 . 10.1038/375594a0 . 1995Natur.375..594L . 4265549 .
• Morgans CW, Brandstätter JH, Kellerman J, Betz H, Wässle H . A SNARE complex containing syntaxin 3 is present in ribbon synapses of the retina . J. Neurosci. . 16 . 21 . 6713–21 . 1996 . 8824312 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-21-06713.1996. 6579260 . free .
• Tellam JT, Macaulay SL, McIntosh S, Hewish DR, Ward CW, James DE . Characterization of Munc-18c and syntaxin-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Putative role in insulin-dependent movement of GLUT-4 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 10 . 6179–86 . 1997 . 9045631 . 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6179 . free .
• Delgrossi MH, Breuza L, Mirre C, Chavrier P, Le Bivic A . Human syntaxin 3 is localized apically in human intestinal cells . J. Cell Sci. . 110 . 18 . 2207–14 . 1997 . 10.1242/jcs.110.18.2207 . 9378770 . free .
• Galli T, Zahraoui A, Vaidyanathan VV, Raposo G, Tian JM, Karin M, Niemann H, Louvard D . A novel tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein in SNARE complexes of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells . Mol. Biol. Cell . 9 . 6 . 1437–48 . 1998 . 9614185 . 25366 . 10.1091/mbc.9.6.1437 .
• Riento K, Galli T, Jansson S, Ehnholm C, Lehtonen E, Olkkonen VM . Interaction of Munc-18-2 with syntaxin 3 controls the association of apical SNAREs in epithelial cells . J. Cell Sci. . 111 . 17 . 2681–8 . 1998 . 10.1242/jcs.111.17.2681 . 9701566 .
• Steegmaier M, Yang B, Yoo JS, Huang B, Shen M, Yu S, Luo Y, Scheller RH . Three novel proteins of the syntaxin/SNAP-25 family . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 51 . 34171–9 . 1998 . 9852078 . 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34171 . free .
• Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F . Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1 . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 65 . 3 . 397–406 . 1999 . 10080545 . 10.1002/jlb.65.3.397. 10261/59829 . 18988377 . free .
• Fasshauer D, Antonin W, Margittai M, Pabst S, Jahn R . Mixed and non-cognate SNARE complexes. Characterization of assembly and biophysical properties . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 22 . 15440–6 . 1999 . 10336434 . 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15440 . 2555394 . free .
• Thomas DM, Ferguson GD, Herschman HR, Elferink LA . Functional and biochemical analysis of the C2 domains of synaptotagmin IV . Mol. Biol. Cell . 10 . 7 . 2285–95 . 1999 . 10397765 . 25443 . 10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285 .
• Riento K, Kauppi M, Keranen S, Olkkonen VM . Munc18-2, a functional partner of syntaxin 3, controls apical membrane trafficking in epithelial cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 18 . 13476–83 . 2000 . 10788461 . 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13476 . free .
• Kauppi M, Wohlfahrt G, Olkkonen VM . Analysis of the Munc18b-syntaxin binding interface. Use of a mutant Munc18b to dissect the functions of syntaxins 2 and 3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 46 . 43973–9 . 2002 . 12198139 . 10.1074/jbc.M208315200 . free .
• Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H . Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane . Arch. Oral Biol. . 48 . 8 . 597–604 . 2003 . 12828989 . 10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X .
• Bandyopadhyay BC, Swaim WD, Liu X, Redman RS, Patterson RL, Ambudkar IS . Apical localization of a functional TRPC3/TRPC6-Ca2+-signaling complex in polarized epithelial cells. Role in apical Ca2+ influx . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 13 . 12908–16 . 2005 . 15623527 . 10.1074/jbc.M410013200 . free .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Low SH, Vasanji A, Nanduri J, He M, Sharma N, Koo M, Drazba J, Weimbs T . Syntaxins 3 and 4 are concentrated in separate clusters on the plasma membrane before the establishment of cell polarity . Mol. Biol. Cell . 17 . 2 . 977–89 . 2006 . 16339081 . 1356605 . 10.1091/mbc.E05-05-0462 .

Notes and References

1. Ibaraki K, Horikawa HP, Morita T, Mori H, Sakimura K, Mishina M, Saisu H, Abe T . Identification of four different forms of syntaxin 3 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 211 . 3 . 997–1005 . June 1995 . 7598732 . 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1910 .
2. Martín-Martín B, Nabokina SM, Lazo PA, Mollinedo F . Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1 . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 65 . 3 . 397–406 . March 1999 . 10080545 . 10.1002/jlb.65.3.397 . 10261/59829 . 18988377 . free . 2008-08-13 . 2005-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050227080918/http://www.jleukbio.org/cgi/content/abstract/65/3/397 . dead .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: STX3 syntaxin 3.
4. Darios F, Davletov B . Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids stimulate cell membrane expansion by acting on syntaxin 3 . Nature . 440 . 7085 . 813–7 . April 2006 . 16598260 . 10.1038/nature04598 . 2006Natur.440..813D . 4411524 .
5. Wiegerinck CL, Janecke AR, Schneeberger K, Vogel GF, van Haaften-Visser DY, Escher JC, Adam R, Thöni CE, Pfaller K, Jordan AJ, Weis CA, Nijman IJ, Monroe GR, van Hasselt PM, Cutz E, Klumperman J, Clevers H, Nieuwenhuis EE, Houwen RH, van Haaften G, Hess MW, Huber LA, Stapelbroek JM, Müller T, Middendorp S . Loss of syntaxin 3 causes variant microvillus inclusion disease . Gastroenterology . 147 . 1 . 65–68.e10 . 2014 . 24726755 . 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.002 . free .
6. Hata Y, Südhof TC . A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 22 . 13022–8 . Jun 1995 . 7768895 . 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022 . free .
7. Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA . Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 23 . 13300–3 . Jun 1996 . 8663154 . 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300 . free .
8. Steegmaier M, Yang B, Yoo JS, Huang B, Shen M, Yu S, Luo Y, Scheller RH . Three novel proteins of the syntaxin/SNAP-25 family . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 51 . 34171–9 . Dec 1998 . 9852078 . 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34171 . free .
9. Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H . Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane . Arch. Oral Biol. . 48 . 8 . 597–604 . Aug 2003 . 12828989 . 10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X .
10. Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M . Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 234 . 1 . 257–62 . May 1997 . 9168999 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560 . 20.500.14094/D2002245 . free .