ST8SIA1 explained

Alpha-N-acetylneuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ST8SIA1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid. Ganglioside GD3 is known to be important for cell adhesion and growth of cultured malignant cells. The protein encoded by ST8SIA1 is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to GM3 to produce gangliosides GD3 and GT3. The encoded protein may be found in the Golgi apparatus and is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29.^[2]

In melanocytic cells, ST8SIA1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.^[3]

Further reading

• Haraguchi M, Yamashiro S, Yamamoto A, etal . Isolation of GD3 synthase gene by expression cloning of GM3 alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase cDNA using anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 22 . 10455–9 . 1994 . 7937974 . 10.1073/pnas.91.22.10455 . 45039 . 1994PNAS...9110455H . free .
• Nara K, Watanabe Y, Maruyama K, etal . Expression cloning of a CMP-NeuAc:NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1'Cer alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase (GD3 synthase) from human melanoma cells. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 17 . 7952–6 . 1994 . 8058740 . 10.1073/pnas.91.17.7952 . 44522 . 1994PNAS...91.7952N . free .
• Sasaki K, Kurata K, Kojima N, etal . Expression cloning of a GM3-specific alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (GD3 synthase). . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 22 . 15950–6 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)40773-3 . 8195250 . free .
• Nakayama J, Fukuda MN, Hirabayashi Y, etal . Expression cloning of a human GT3 synthase. GD3 AND GT3 are synthesized by a single enzyme. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 7 . 3684–91 . 1996 . 8631981 . 10.1074/jbc.271.7.3684. free .
• Matsuda Y, Nara K, Watanabe Y, etal . Chromosome mapping of the GD3 synthase gene (SIAT8) in human and mouse. . Genomics . 32 . 1 . 137–9 . 1996 . 8786103 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0090 .
• De Maria R, Lenti L, Malisan F, etal . Requirement for GD3 ganglioside in CD95- and ceramide-induced apoptosis. . Science . 277 . 5332 . 1652–5 . 1997 . 9287216 . 10.1126/science.277.5332.1652 . 11566/37451 .
• Angata K, Suzuki M, McAuliffe J, etal . Differential biosynthesis of polysialic acid on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and oligosaccharide acceptors by three distinct alpha 2,8-sialyltransferases, ST8Sia IV (PST), ST8Sia II (STX), and ST8Sia III. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 24 . 18594–601 . 2000 . 10766765 . 10.1074/jbc.M910204199 . free .
• Zeng G, Gao L, Suetake K, etal . Variations in gene expression patterns correlated with phenotype of F-11 tumor cells whose expression of GD3-synthase is suppressed. . Cancer Lett. . 178 . 1 . 91–8 . 2002 . 11849746 . 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00817-5 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Furukawa K, Horie M, Okutomi K, etal . Isolation and functional analysis of the melanoma specific promoter region of human GD3 synthase gene. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1627 . 2–3 . 71–8 . 2003 . 12818424 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00076-9.
• Moon SK, Kim HM, Lee YC, Kim CH . Disialoganglioside (GD3) synthase gene expression suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell responses via the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cell cycle progression, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 32 . 33063–70 . 2004 . 15175338 . 10.1074/jbc.M313462200 . free .
• Ha KT, Lee YC, Kim CH . Overexpression of GD3 synthase induces apoptosis of vascular endothelial ECV304 cells through downregulation of Bcl-2. . FEBS Lett. . 568 . 1–3 . 183–7 . 2004 . 15196944 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.020 . 34782656 . free .
• Tomassini B, Malisan F, Franchi L, etal . Calnexin suppresses GD3 synthase-induced apoptosis. . FASEB J. . 18 . 13 . 1553–5 . 2005 . 15319364 . 10.1096/fj.04-1675fje . free . 44936219 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Teintenier-Lelièvre M, Julien S, Juliant S, etal . Molecular cloning and expression of a human hST8Sia VI (alpha2,8-sialyltransferase) responsible for the synthesis of the diSia motif on O-glycosylproteins. . Biochem. J. . 392 . Pt 3 . 665–74 . 2006 . 16120058 . 10.1042/BJ20051120 . 1316308 .
• Kang NY, Kang Y, Kang SK, etal . Transcriptional regulation of the human GD3 synthase gene expression in Fas-induced Jurkat T cells: a critical role of transcription factor NF-kappaB in regulated expression. . Glycobiology . 16 . 5 . 375–89 . 2006 . 16481330 . 10.1093/glycob/cwj087 .
• Ko K, Furukawa K, Takahashi T, etal . Fundamental study of small interfering RNAs for ganglioside GD3 synthase gene as a therapeutic target of lung cancers. . Oncogene . 25 . 52 . 6924–35 . 2006 . 16862187 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1209683 . 30102036 .
• Szabo R, Skropeta D, etal . Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. . Med. Res. Rev. . 37 . 2 . 210–270 . 2017 . 10.1002/med.21407 . 27678392 . 26280291 .

Notes and References

1. Sasaki K, Watanabe E, Kawashima K, Sekine S, Dohi T, Oshima M, Hanai N, Nishi T, Hasegawa M . Expression cloning of a novel Gal beta (1-3/1-4) GlcNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase using lectin resistance selection . J Biol Chem . 268 . 30 . 22782–7 . Dec 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41595-5 . 7901202 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ST8SIA1 ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1.
3. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, etal . Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy . Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. . 21 . 6 . 665–76 . 2008 . 19067971 . 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x . 24698373 . free .