ST3GAL3 explained

ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3, also known as ST3GAL3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ST3GAL3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates. The encoded protein is normally found in the Golgi apparatus but can be proteolytically processed to a soluble form. This protein is a member of glycosyltransferase family 29. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[2]

Mutations in the ST3GAL3 gene was recently shown to be the cause of autosomal recessive mental retardation 12. Since the mutations disrupt a glycosylation pathway, this disorder may be considered a congenital disorder of glycosylation.

See also

• Sialyltransferase

Further reading

• Kalyanaraman VS, Rodriguez V, Veronese F, Rahman R, Lusso P, DeVico AL, Copeland T, Oroszlan S, Gallo RC, Sarngadharan MG . Characterization of the secreted, native gp120 and gp160 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 6 . 3 . 371–80 . Mar 1990 . 2187500 . 10.1089/aid.1990.6.371 .
• Pal R, Hoke GM, Sarngadharan MG . Role of oligosaccharides in the processing and maturation of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 86 . 9 . 3384–8 . May 1989 . 2541446 . 287137 . 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3384 . 1989PNAS...86.3384P . free .
• Dewar RL, Vasudevachari MB, Natarajan V, Salzman NP . Biosynthesis and processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: effects of monensin on glycosylation and transport . Journal of Virology . 63 . 6 . 2452–6 . Jun 1989 . 2542563 . 250699 . 10.1128/JVI.63.6.2452-2456.1989.
• Kozarsky K, Penman M, Basiripour L, Haseltine W, Sodroski J, Krieger M . Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes . 2 . 2 . 163–9 . 1989 . 2649653 .
• Robinson WE, Montefiori DC, Mitchell WM . Evidence that mannosyl residues are involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 3 . 3 . 265–82 . 1988 . 2829950 . 10.1089/aid.1987.3.265 .
• Kitagawa H, Paulson JC . Differential expression of five sialyltransferase genes in human tissues . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 269 . 27 . 17872–8 . Jul 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32390-6 . 8027041 . free .
• Kitagawa H, Paulson JC . Cloning and expression of human Gal beta 1,3(4)GlcNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 194 . 1 . 375–82 . Jul 1993 . 8333853 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1830 .
• Burger PC, Lötscher M, Streiff M, Kleene R, Kaissling B, Berger EG . Immunocytochemical localization of alpha2,3(N)-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal III) in cell lines and rat kidney tissue sections: evidence for golgi and post-golgi localization . Glycobiology . 8 . 3 . 245–57 . Mar 1998 . 9451034 . 10.1093/glycob/8.3.245 . free .
• Taniguchi A, Morishima T, Tsujita Y, Matsumoto Y, Matsumoto K . Genomic structure, expression, and transcriptional regulation of human Gal beta 1,3 GalNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase gene . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 300 . 2 . 570–6 . Jan 2003 . 12504121 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02899-1 .
• Taniguchi A, Saito K, Kubota T, Matsumoto K . Characterization of the promoter region of the human Galbeta1,3(4)GlcNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase III (hST3Gal III) gene . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1626 . 1–3 . 92–6 . Apr 2003 . 12697334 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00021-6 .
• Saito S, Aoki H, Ito A, Ueno S, Wada T, Mitsuzuka K, Satoh M, Arai Y, Miyagi T . Human alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal II) is a stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 synthase . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 29 . 26474–9 . Jul 2003 . 12716912 . 10.1074/jbc.M213223200 . free .
• Grahn A, Barkhordar GS, Larson G . Cloning and sequencing of nineteen transcript isoforms of the human alpha2,3-sialyltransferase gene, ST3Gal III; its genomic organisation and expression in human tissues . Glycoconjugate Journal . 19 . 3 . 197–210 . Mar 2002 . 12815231 . 10.1023/A:1024253808424 . 23897339 .
• Gretschel S, Haensch W, Schlag PM, Kemmner W . Clinical relevance of sialyltransferases ST6GAL-I and ST3GAL-III in gastric cancer . Oncology . 65 . 2 . 139–45 . 2003 . 12931020 . 10.1159/000072339 . 6438454 .
• Jeanneau C, Chazalet V, Augé C, Soumpasis DM, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Imberty A, Breton C . Structure-function analysis of the human sialyltransferase ST3Gal I: role of n-glycosylation and a novel conserved sialylmotif . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 14 . 13461–8 . Apr 2004 . 14722111 . 10.1074/jbc.M311764200 . free .
• Grahn A, Barkhordar GS, Larson G . Identification of seven new alpha2,3-sialyltransferase III, ST3Gal III, transcripts from human foetal brain . Glycoconjugate Journal . 20 . 7–8 . 493–500 . 2005 . 15316282 . 10.1023/B:GLYC.0000038295.87747.0b . 1544031 .
• Van Dyken SJ, Green RS, Marth JD . Structural and mechanistic features of protein O glycosylation linked to CD8+ T-cell apoptosis . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 27 . 3 . 1096–111 . Feb 2007 . 17101770 . 1800694 . 10.1128/MCB.01750-06 .
• Hu H, Eggers K, Chen W, Garshasbi M, Motazacker MM, Wrogemann K, Kahrizi K, Tzschach A, Hosseini M, Bahman I, Hucho T, Mühlenhoff M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH, Kuss AW . ST3GAL3 mutations impair the development of higher cognitive functions . American Journal of Human Genetics . 89 . 3 . 407–14 . Sep 2011 . 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.008 . 21907012 . 3169827.
• Szabo R, Skropeta D, etal . Advancement of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. . Med. Res. Rev. . 37 . 2 . 210–270 . 2017 . 10.1002/med.21407 . 27678392. 26280291 .

Notes and References

1. Kitagawa H, Paulson JC . Cloning and expression of human Gal beta 1,3(4)GlcNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 194 . 1 . 375–82 . Jul 1993 . 8333853 . 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1830 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: ST3GAL3 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3.