SSX1 explained

Protein SSX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma, X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 genes have been involved in the t(X;18) chromosomal translocation characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. The encoded hybrid proteins are probably responsible for transforming activity.

Further reading

• Crew AJ, Clark J, Fisher C, etal . Fusion of SYT to two genes, SSX1 and SSX2, encoding proteins with homology to the Kruppel-associated box in human synovial sarcoma . EMBO J. . 14 . 10 . 2333–40 . 1995 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07228.x . 7539744 . 398342 .
• Clark J, Rocques PJ, Crew AJ, etal . Identification of novel genes, SYT and SSX, involved in the t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation found in human synovial sarcoma . Nat. Genet. . 7 . 4 . 502–8 . 1994 . 7951320 . 10.1038/ng0894-502 . 20503729 .
• Sinke RJ, de Leeuw B, Janssen HA, etal . Localization of X chromosome short arm markers relative to synovial sarcoma- and renal adenocarcinoma-associated translocation breakpoints . Hum. Genet. . 92 . 3 . 305–8 . 1993 . 8406438 . 10.1007/BF00244478 . 12442743 .
• Chand A, Clark J, Cooper CS, Craig IW . Long-range organization of reiterated sequences, including the SSX1 cDNA at the OATL1 cluster in Xp11.23 . Genomics . 30 . 3 . 545–52 . 1997 . 8825641 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1275 .
• Thaete C, Brett D, Monaghan P, etal . Functional domains of the SYT and SYT-SSX synovial sarcoma translocation proteins and co-localization with the SNF protein BRM in the nucleus . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 8 . 4 . 585–91 . 1999 . 10072425 . 10.1093/hmg/8.4.585 .
• Kato H, Tjernberg A, Zhang W, etal . SYT associates with human SNF/SWI complexes and the C-terminal region of its fusion partner SSX1 targets histones . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 7 . 5498–505 . 2002 . 11734557 . 10.1074/jbc.M108702200 . free . 2066/170683 . free .
• de Bruijn DR, dos Santos NR, Kater-Baats E, etal . The cancer-related protein SSX2 interacts with the human homologue of a Ras-like GTPase interactor, RAB3IP, and a novel nuclear protein, SSX2IP . Genes Chromosomes Cancer . 34 . 3 . 285–98 . 2002 . 12007189 . 10.1002/gcc.10073 . 11734893 .
• Yang K, Lui WO, Xie Y, etal . Co-existence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusions in synovial sarcomas . Oncogene . 21 . 26 . 4181–90 . 2002 . 12037676 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205569 . 33515965 .
• Güre AO, Wei IJ, Old LJ, Chen YT . The SSX gene family: characterization of 9 complete genes . Int. J. Cancer . 101 . 5 . 448–53 . 2002 . 12216073 . 10.1002/ijc.10634 . 21174312 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Storlazzi CT, Mertens F, Mandahl N, etal . A novel fusion gene, SS18L1/SSX1, in synovial sarcoma . Genes Chromosomes Cancer . 37 . 2 . 195–200 . 2003 . 12696068 . 10.1002/gcc.10210 . 40041616 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Tvrdík D, Povýsil C, Svatosová J, Dundr P . Molecular diagnosis of synovial sarcoma: RT-PCR detection of SYT-SSX1/2 fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tissue . Med. Sci. Monit. . 11 . 3 . MT1–7 . 2005 . 15735574 .
• Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, etal . The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome . Nature . 434 . 7031 . 325–37 . 2005 . 15772651 . 10.1038/nature03440 . 2665286 . 2005Natur.434..325R .
• Fernebro J, Francis P, Edén P, etal . Gene expression profiles relate to SS18/SSX fusion type in synovial sarcoma . Int. J. Cancer . 118 . 5 . 1165–72 . 2006 . 16152617 . 10.1002/ijc.21475 . free .
• Sun Y, Gao D, Liu Y, etal . IGF2 is critical for tumorigenesis by synovial sarcoma oncoprotein SYT-SSX1 . Oncogene . 25 . 7 . 1042–52 . 2006 . 16247461 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1209143 . free .

Notes and References

1. de Leeuw B, Balemans M, Olde Weghuis D, Geurts van Kessel A . Identification of two alternative fusion genes, SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2, in t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2)-positive synovial sarcomas . Hum Mol Genet . 4 . 6 . 1097–9 . Oct 1995 . 7655467 . 10.1093/hmg/4.6.1097 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SSX1 synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint 1.