SS18 explained

Protein SSXT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SS18 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

SS18 is a member of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex.^[4]

Clinical significance

SS18 is involved in a chromosomal translocation commonly found in synovial sarcoma.^[5]

Interactions

SS18 has been shown to interact with:

• EP300,^[6]
• MLLT10,^[7]
• SMARCA2,^[8] and
• SMARCB1.^[9]

Further reading

• Fligman I, Lonardo F, Jhanwar SC, Gerald WL, Woodruff J, Ladanyi M . Molecular diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and characterization of a variant SYT-SSX2 fusion transcript . The American Journal of Pathology . 147 . 6 . 1592–9 . Dec 1995 . 7495284 . 1869933 .
• Brett D, Whitehouse S, Antonson P, Shipley J, Cooper C, Goodwin G . The SYT protein involved in the t(X;18) synovial sarcoma translocation is a transcriptional activator localised in nuclear bodies . Human Molecular Genetics . 6 . 9 . 1559–64 . Sep 1997 . 9285794 . 10.1093/hmg/6.9.1559 . free .
• Thaete C, Brett D, Monaghan P, Whitehouse S, Rennie G, Rayner E, Cooper CS, Goodwin G . Functional domains of the SYT and SYT-SSX synovial sarcoma translocation proteins and co-localization with the SNF protein BRM in the nucleus . Human Molecular Genetics . 8 . 4 . 585–91 . Apr 1999 . 10072425 . 10.1093/hmg/8.4.585 . free .
• Eid JE, Kung AL, Scully R, Livingston DM . p300 interacts with the nuclear proto-oncoprotein SYT as part of the active control of cell adhesion . Cell . 102 . 6 . 839–48 . Sep 2000 . 11030627 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00072-6 . 17342132 . free .
• Tamborini E, Agus V, Mezzelani A, Riva C, Sozzi G, Azzarelli A, Pierotti MA, Pilotti S . Identification of a novel spliced variant of the SYT gene expressed in normal tissues and in synovial sarcoma . British Journal of Cancer . 84 . 8 . 1087–94 . Apr 2001 . 11308259 . 2363857 . 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1710 .
• Brodin B, Haslam K, Yang K, Bartolazzi A, Xie Y, Starborg M, Lundeberg J, Larsson O . Cloning and characterization of spliced fusion transcript variants of synovial sarcoma: SYT/SSX4, SYT/SSX4v, and SYT/SSX2v. Possible regulatory role of the fusion gene product in wild type SYT expression . Gene . 268 . 1–2 . 173–82 . May 2001 . 11368913 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00412-7 .
• de Bruijn DR, dos Santos NR, Thijssen J, Balemans M, Debernardi S, Linder B, Young BD, Geurts van Kessel A . The synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT interacts with the acute leukemia associated protein AF10 . Oncogene . 20 . 25 . 3281–9 . May 2001 . 11423977 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1204419 . free .
• Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I, Saito R, Oda H, Endo T, Kondo S, Bono H, Okazaki Y, Hayashizaki Y . Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs . Genome Research . 11 . 10 . 1758–65 . Oct 2001 . 11591653 . 311163 . 10.1101/gr.180101 .
• Kato H, Tjernberg A, Zhang W, Krutchinsky AN, An W, Takeuchi T, Ohtsuki Y, Sugano S, de Bruijn DR, Chait BT, Roeder RG . SYT associates with human SNF/SWI complexes and the C-terminal region of its fusion partner SSX1 targets histones . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 7 . 5498–505 . Feb 2002 . 11734557 . 10.1074/jbc.M108702200 . free . 2066/170683 . free .
• Yang K, Lui WO, Xie Y, Zhang A, Skytting B, Mandahl N, Larsson C, Larsson O . Co-existence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusions in synovial sarcomas . Oncogene . 21 . 26 . 4181–90 . Jun 2002 . 12037676 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205569 . free .
• Imabayashi H, Mori T, Gojo S, Kiyono T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Isogai T, Hata J, Toyama Y, Umezawa A . Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes and chondrogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells via chondrosphere formation with expression profiling by large-scale cDNA analysis . Experimental Cell Research . 288 . 1 . 35–50 . Aug 2003 . 12878157 . 10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00130-7 .
• Perani M, Ingram CJ, Cooper CS, Garrett MD, Goodwin GH . Conserved SNH domain of the proto-oncoprotein SYT interacts with components of the human chromatin remodelling complexes, while the QPGY repeat domain forms homo-oligomers . Oncogene . 22 . 50 . 8156–67 . Nov 2003 . 14603256 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1207031 . free .
• Iwasaki T, Koibuchi N, Chin WW . Synovial sarcoma translocation (SYT) encodes a nuclear receptor coactivator . Endocrinology . 146 . 9 . 3892–9 . Sep 2005 . 15919756 . 10.1210/en.2004-1513 . free .
• Fernebro J, Francis P, Edén P, Borg A, Panagopoulos I, Mertens F, Vallon-Christersson J, Akerman M, Rydholm A, Bauer HC, Mandahl N, Nilbert M . Gene expression profiles relate to SS18/SSX fusion type in synovial sarcoma . International Journal of Cancer . 118 . 5 . 1165–72 . Mar 2006 . 16152617 . 10.1002/ijc.21475 . 12084422 . free .
• Perani M, Antonson P, Hamoudi R, Ingram CJ, Cooper CS, Garrett MD, Goodwin GH . The proto-oncoprotein SYT interacts with SYT-interacting protein/co-activator activator (SIP/CoAA), a human nuclear receptor co-activator with similarity to EWS and TLS/FUS family of proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 280 . 52 . 42863–76 . Dec 2005 . 16227627 . 10.1074/jbc.M502963200 . free .
• Sun Y, Gao D, Liu Y, Huang J, Lessnick S, Tanaka S . IGF2 is critical for tumorigenesis by synovial sarcoma oncoprotein SYT-SSX1 . Oncogene . 25 . 7 . 1042–52 . Feb 2006 . 16247461 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1209143 . free .

Notes and References

1. Shipley JM, Clark J, Crew AJ, Birdsall S, Rocques PJ, Gill S, Chelly J, Monaco AP, Abe S, Gusterson BA . The t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation found in human synovial sarcomas involves two distinct loci on the X chromosome . Oncogene . 9 . 5 . 1447–53 . May 1994 . 8152806 .
2. Clark J, Rocques PJ, Crew AJ, Gill S, Shipley J, Chan AM, Gusterson BA, Cooper CS . Identification of novel genes, SYT and SSX, involved in the t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation found in human synovial sarcoma . Nature Genetics . 7 . 4 . 502–8 . Aug 1994 . 7951320 . 10.1038/ng0894-502 . 20503729 .
3. de Bruijn DR, Geurts van Kessel A . Common origin of the human synovial sarcoma associated SS18 and SS18L1 gene loci . Cytogenetic and Genome Research . 112 . 3–4 . 222–6 . 2006 . 16484776 . 10.1159/000089874 .
4. Middeljans E, Wan X, Jansen PW, Sharma V, Stunnenberg HG, Logie C . SS18 together with animal-specific factors defines human BAF-type SWI/SNF complexes . PLOS ONE . 7 . 3 . e33834 . 2012 . 22442726 . 3307773 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0033834 . 2012PLoSO...733834M . free .
5. Yang K, Lui WO, Xie Y, Zhang A, Skytting B, Mandahl N, Larsson C, Larsson O . Co-existence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusions in synovial sarcomas . Oncogene . 21 . 26 . 4181–90 . Jun 2002 . 12037676 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205569 . free .
6. Eid JE, Kung AL, Scully R, Livingston DM . p300 interacts with the nuclear proto-oncoprotein SYT as part of the active control of cell adhesion . Cell . 102 . 6 . 839–48 . Sep 2000 . 11030627 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00072-6 . 17342132 . free .
7. de Bruijn DR, dos Santos NR, Thijssen J, Balemans M, Debernardi S, Linder B, Young BD, Geurts van Kessel A . The synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT interacts with the acute leukemia associated protein AF10 . Oncogene . 20 . 25 . 3281–9 . May 2001 . 11423977 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1204419 . free .
8. Perani M, Ingram CJ, Cooper CS, Garrett MD, Goodwin GH . Conserved SNH domain of the proto-oncoprotein SYT interacts with components of the human chromatin remodelling complexes, while the QPGY repeat domain forms homo-oligomers . Oncogene . 22 . 50 . 8156–67 . Nov 2003 . 14603256 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1207031 . free .
9. Kato H, Tjernberg A, Zhang W, Krutchinsky AN, An W, Takeuchi T, Ohtsuki Y, Sugano S, de Bruijn DR, Chait BT, Roeder RG . SYT associates with human SNF/SWI complexes and the C-terminal region of its fusion partner SSX1 targets histones . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 7 . 5498–505 . Feb 2002 . 11734557 . 10.1074/jbc.M108702200 . free . 2066/170683 . free .