SPINT1 explained

Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPINT1 gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Kunitz family of serine protease inhibitors. The protein is a potent inhibitor specific for HGF activator and is thought to be involved in the regulation of the proteolytic activation of HGF in injured tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding different isoforms.

Further reading

• Dahl M, Hersh CP, Ly NP, etal . The protease inhibitor PI*S allele and COPD: a meta-analysis. . Eur. Respir. J. . 26 . 1 . 67–76 . 2005 . 15994391 . 10.1183/09031936.05.00135704 . free .
• Shimomura T, Denda K, Kitamura A, etal . Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor, a novel Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 10 . 6370–6 . 1997 . 9045658 . 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6370 . free .
• Yamada T, Tsujioka Y, Taguchi J, etal . White matter astrocytes produce hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor in human brain tissues. . Exp. Neurol. . 153 . 1 . 60–4 . 1998 . 9743567 . 10.1006/exnr.1998.6874 . 46233422 .
• Kataoka H, Suganuma T, Shimomura T, etal . Distribution of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) in human tissues. Cellular surface localization of HAI-1 in simple columnar epithelium and its modulated expression in injured and regenerative tissues. . J. Histochem. Cytochem. . 47 . 5 . 673–82 . 1999 . 10219059 . 10.1177/002215549904700509. 34649980 .
• Lin CY, Anders J, Johnson M, Dickson RB . Purification and characterization of a complex containing matriptase and a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from human milk. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 26 . 18237–42 . 1999 . 10373425 . 10.1074/jbc.274.26.18237 . free .
• Shimomura T, Denda K, Kawaguchi T, etal . Multiple sites of proteolytic cleavage to release soluble forms of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 from a transmembrane form. . J. Biochem. . 126 . 5 . 821–8 . 2000 . 10544273 . 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022522.
• Itoh H, Yamauchi M, Kataoka H, etal . Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 and 2 genes. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 267 . 11 . 3351–9 . 2000 . 10824123 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01368.x .
• Kataoka H, Shimomura T, Kawaguchi T, etal . Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 is a specific cell surface binding protein of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) and regulates HGFA activity in the pericellular microenvironment. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 51 . 40453–62 . 2001 . 11013244 . 10.1074/jbc.M006412200 . free .
• Kataoka H, Meng JY, Itoh H, etal . Localization of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 in Langhans' cells of human placenta. . Histochem. Cell Biol. . 114 . 6 . 469–75 . 2001 . 11201608 . 10.1007/s004180000228. 25947109 .
• Oberst M, Anders J, Xie B, etal . Matriptase and HAI-1 are expressed by normal and malignant epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. . Am. J. Pathol. . 158 . 4 . 1301–11 . 2001 . 11290548 . 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64081-3. 1891898 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Kirchhofer D, Peek M, Li W, etal . Tissue expression, protease specificity, and Kunitz domain functions of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1B (HAI-1B), a new splice variant of HAI-1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 38 . 36341–9 . 2003 . 12815039 . 10.1074/jbc.M304643200 . free .
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, etal . The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 .
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, etal . Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. . Genome Res. . 14 . 7 . 1324–32 . 2004 . 15231748 . 10.1101/gr.2334104 . 442148 .
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ . Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. . Protein Sci. . 13 . 10 . 2819–24 . 2005 . 15340161 . 10.1110/ps.04682504 . 2286551 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Shia S, Stamos J, Kirchhofer D, etal . Conformational lability in serine protease active sites: structures of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) alone and with the inhibitory domain from HGFA inhibitor-1B. . J. Mol. Biol. . 346 . 5 . 1335–49 . 2005 . 15713485 . 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.048 .
• Fan B, Wu TD, Li W, Kirchhofer D . Identification of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1B as a potential physiological inhibitor of prostasin. . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 41 . 34513–20 . 2005 . 16103126 . 10.1074/jbc.M502119200 . free.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: SPINT1 serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1.