SOAT2 explained

Sterol O-acyltransferase 2, also known as SOAT2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT2 gene.^[1]

Function

See also: Fatty acyl-CoA esters. This gene is a member of a small family of s. The gene encodes a membrane-bound enzyme localized in the endoplasmic reticulum that produces intracellular cholesterol esters from long-chain fatty acyl CoA and cholesterol. The cholesterol esters are then stored as cytoplasmic lipid droplets inside the cell. The enzyme is implicated in cholesterol absorption in the intestine and in the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins such as very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known.^[1]

Further reading

• Chang TY, Chang CC, Cheng D . Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase . Annu. Rev. Biochem. . 66 . 613–38 . 1997 . 9242919 . 10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.613 . Chang . 10.1.1.319.6184 .
• Yang H, Bard M, Bruner DA, etal . Sterol esterification in yeast: a two-gene process . Science . 272 . 5266 . 1353–6 . 1996 . 8650549 . 10.1126/science.272.5266.1353 . 1996Sci...272.1353Y . 45308699 .
• Cases S, Novak S, Zheng YW, etal . ACAT-2, a second mammalian acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. Its cloning, expression, and characterization . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 41 . 26755–64 . 1998 . 9756919 . 10.1074/jbc.273.41.26755 . 11543738 . free .
• Oelkers P, Behari A, Cromley D, etal . Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 41 . 26765–71 . 1998 . 9756920 . 10.1074/jbc.273.41.26765 . 36046291 . free .
• Chang CC, Sakashita N, Ornvold K, etal . Immunological quantitation and localization of ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 in human liver and small intestine . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 36 . 28083–92 . 2000 . 10846185 . 10.1074/jbc.M003927200 . free .
• Lee H, Choi E, Seomun Y, etal . High-Resolution Transcript Map of the Region Spanning D12S1629 and D12S312 at Chromosome 12q13: Triple A Syndrome-Linked Region . Genome Res. . 10 . 10 . 1561–7 . 2001 . 11042153 . 10.1101/gr.142100 . 310951 .
• Joyce CW, Shelness GS, Davis MA, etal . ACAT1 and ACAT2 Membrane Topology Segregates a Serine Residue Essential for Activity to Opposite Sides of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane . Mol. Biol. Cell . 11 . 11 . 3675–87 . 2001 . 11071899 . 10.1091/mbc.11.11.3675. 15029 .
• Seo T, Oelkers PM, Giattina MR, etal . Differential modulation of ACAT1 and ACAT2 transcription and activity by long chain free fatty acids in cultured cells . Biochemistry . 40 . 15 . 4756–62 . 2001 . 11294643 . 10.1021/bi0022947 .
• Katsuren K, Tamura T, Arashiro R, etal . Structure of the human acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT-2) gene and its relation to dyslipidemia . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1531 . 3 . 230–40 . 2001 . 11325614 . 10.1016/S1388-1981(01)00106-8.
• Song BL, Qi W, Yang XY, etal . Organization of human ACAT-2 gene and its cell-type-specific promoter activity . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 282 . 2 . 580–8 . 2001 . 11401500 . 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4612 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Katsuren K . Fukuyama S . Takata K . Ohta T . Effects of a new single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 gene on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with hyperlipidemia . J. Atheroscler. Thromb. . 10 . 1 . 32–6 . 2003 . 12621162 . 10.5551/jat.10.32 . free .
• Lin S . Lu X . Chang CC . Chang TY . Human Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: Membrane Topology and Active Site Location . Mol. Biol. Cell . 14 . 6 . 2447–60 . 2004 . 12808042 . 10.1091/mbc.E02-11-0725 . 194892 .
• Sakashita N, Miyazaki A, Chang CC, etal . Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is induced in monocyte-derived macrophages: in vivo and in vitro studies . Lab. Invest. . 83 . 11 . 1569–81 . 2003 . 14615411 . 10.1097/01.LAB.0000095687.17383.39 . 23331466 . free .
• Smith JL, Rangaraj K, Simpson R, etal . Quantitative analysis of the expression of ACAT genes in human tissues by real-time PCR . J. Lipid Res. . 45 . 4 . 686–96 . 2004 . 14729857 . 10.1194/jlr.M300365-JLR200 . free .
• Liang JJ, Oelkers P, Guo C, etal . Overexpression of human diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase 1, or acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 stimulates secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in McA-RH7777 cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 43 . 44938–44 . 2004 . 15308631 . 10.1074/jbc.M408507200 . 35044397 . free .
• Parini P, Davis M, Lada AT, etal . ACAT2 is localized to hepatocytes and is the major cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in human liver . Circulation . 110 . 14 . 2017–23 . 2005 . 15451793 . 10.1161/01.CIR.0000143163.76212.0B . 6338679 . free .
• Kim J . Bhinge AA . Morgan XC . Iyer VR . Mapping DNA-protein interactions in large genomes by sequence tag analysis of genomic enrichment . Nat. Methods . 2 . 1 . 47–53 . 2005 . 15782160 . 10.1038/nmeth726 . 6135437 .
• Pramfalk C, Davis MA, Eriksson M, etal . Control of ACAT2 liver expression by HNF1 . J. Lipid Res. . 46 . 9 . 1868–76 . 2005 . 15961790 . 10.1194/jlr.M400450-JLR200 . 21852000 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: SOAT2 sterol O-acyltransferase 2.