Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 explained

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRPD1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

This gene encodes a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein that belongs to the SNRNP core protein family. The protein may act as a charged protein scaffold to promote SNRNP assembly or strengthen SNRNP-SNRNP interactions through nonspecific electrostatic contacts with RNA.^[3]

Interactions

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 has been shown to interact with:

• CDC5L,^[4]
• CLNS1A,^[5]
• DDX20,^[6]
• SMN1,^{[7] [8] [9]} and
• Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2^{[10] [11]}

Further reading

• Renz M, Heim C, Bräunling O, Czichos A, Wieland C, Seelig HP . Expression of the major human ribonucleoprotein (RNP) autoantigens in Escherichia coli and their use in an EIA for screening sera from patients with autoimmune diseases . Clinical Chemistry . 35 . 9 . 1861–3 . Sep 1989 . 2528429 . 10.1093/clinchem/35.9.1861. free .
• Rokeach LA, Haselby JA, Hoch SO . Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the human Sm-D autoantigen . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 85 . 13 . 4832–6 . Jul 1988 . 3260384 . 280530 . 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4832 . 1988PNAS...85.4832R . free .
• Sun D, Ou YC, Hoch SO . Analysis of genes for human snRNP Sm-D1 protein and identification of the promoter sequence which shows segmental homology to the promoters of Sm-E and U1 snRNA genes . Gene . 189 . 2 . 245–54 . Apr 1997 . 9168134 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00858-X .
• Liu Q, Fischer U, Wang F, Dreyfuss G . The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN, and its associated protein SIP1 are in a complex with spliceosomal snRNP proteins . Cell . 90 . 6 . 1013–21 . Sep 1997 . 9323129 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80367-0 . 10855404 . free .
• Fury MG, Zhang W, Christodoulopoulos I, Zieve GW . Multiple protein: protein interactions between the snRNP common core proteins . Experimental Cell Research . 237 . 1 . 63–9 . Nov 1997 . 9417867 . 10.1006/excr.1997.3750 .
• Kambach C, Walke S, Young R, Avis JM, de la Fortelle E, Raker VA, Lührmann R, Li J, Nagai K . Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs . Cell . 96 . 3 . 375–87 . Feb 1999 . 10025403 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80550-4 . 17379935 . free .
• Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . Gemin3: A novel DEAD box protein that interacts with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and is a component of gems . The Journal of Cell Biology . 147 . 6 . 1181–94 . Dec 1999 . 10601333 . 2168095 . 10.1083/jcb.147.6.1181 .
• Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Yong J, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . Gemin4. A novel component of the SMN complex that is found in both gems and nucleoli . The Journal of Cell Biology . 148 . 6 . 1177–86 . Mar 2000 . 10725331 . 2174312 . 10.1083/jcb.148.6.1177 .
• Mammoto A, Sasaki T, Kim Y, Takai Y . Physical and functional interaction of rabphilin-11 with mammalian Sec13 protein. Implication in vesicle trafficking . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 18 . 13167–70 . May 2000 . 10747849 . 10.1074/jbc.C000096200 . free .
• Brahms H, Raymackers J, Union A, de Keyser F, Meheus L, Lührmann R . The C-terminal RG dipeptide repeats of the spliceosomal Sm proteins D1 and D3 contain symmetrical dimethylarginines, which form a major B-cell epitope for anti-Sm autoantibodies . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 22 . 17122–9 . Jun 2000 . 10747894 . 10.1074/jbc.M000300200 . free . 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F7F0-E . free .
• Meister G, Bühler D, Laggerbauer B, Zobawa M, Lottspeich F, Fischer U . Characterization of a nuclear 20S complex containing the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein and a specific subset of spliceosomal Sm proteins . Human Molecular Genetics . 9 . 13 . 1977–86 . Aug 2000 . 10942426 . 10.1093/hmg/9.13.1977 . free .
• Ajuh P, Kuster B, Panov K, Zomerdijk JC, Mann M, Lamond AI . Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry . The EMBO Journal . 19 . 23 . 6569–81 . Dec 2000 . 11101529 . 305846 . 10.1093/emboj/19.23.6569 .
• Selenko P, Sprangers R, Stier G, Bühler D, Fischer U, Sattler M . SMN tudor domain structure and its interaction with the Sm proteins . Nature Structural Biology . 8 . 1 . 27–31 . Jan 2001 . 11135666 . 10.1038/83014 . 27071310 .
• Urlaub H, Raker VA, Kostka S, Lührmann R . Sm protein-Sm site RNA interactions within the inner ring of the spliceosomal snRNP core structure . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 1–2 . 187–96 . Jan 2001 . 11226169 . 140196 . 10.1093/emboj/20.1.187 .
• Friesen WJ, Massenet S, Paushkin S, Wyce A, Dreyfuss G . SMN, the product of the spinal muscular atrophy gene, binds preferentially to dimethylarginine-containing protein targets . Molecular Cell . 7 . 5 . 1111–7 . May 2001 . 11389857 . 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00244-1 . free .
• Park JW, Voss PG, Grabski S, Wang JL, Patterson RJ . Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in complexes containing the SMN protein . Nucleic Acids Research . 29 . 17 . 3595–602 . Sep 2001 . 11522829 . 55878 . 10.1093/nar/29.17.3595 .
• Friesen WJ, Paushkin S, Wyce A, Massenet S, Pesiridis GS, Van Duyne G, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . The methylosome, a 20S complex containing JBP1 and pICln, produces dimethylarginine-modified Sm proteins . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 21 . 24 . 8289–300 . Dec 2001 . 11713266 . 99994 . 10.1128/MCB.21.24.8289-8300.2001 .
• Gubitz AK, Mourelatos Z, Abel L, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . Gemin5, a novel WD repeat protein component of the SMN complex that binds Sm proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 7 . 5631–6 . Feb 2002 . 11714716 . 10.1074/jbc.M109448200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Lehmeier T, Raker V, Hermann H, Lührmann R . cDNA cloning of the Sm proteins D2 and D3 from human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: evidence for a direct D1-D2 interaction . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 91 . 25 . 12317–21 . Dec 1994 . 7527560 . 45428 . 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12317 . 1994PNAS...9112317L . free .
2. Lehmeier T, Foulaki K, Lührmann R . Evidence for three distinct D proteins, which react differentially with anti-Sm autoantibodies, in the cores of the major snRNPs U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 . Nucleic Acids Research . 18 . 22 . 6475–84 . Nov 1990 . 1701240 . 332598 . 10.1093/nar/18.22.6475 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: SNRPD1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide 16kDa.
4. Ajuh P, Kuster B, Panov K, Zomerdijk JC, Mann M, Lamond AI . Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry . The EMBO Journal . 19 . 23 . 6569–81 . Dec 2000 . 11101529 . 305846 . 10.1093/emboj/19.23.6569 .
5. Friesen WJ, Paushkin S, Wyce A, Massenet S, Pesiridis GS, Van Duyne G, Rappsilber J, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . The methylosome, a 20S complex containing JBP1 and pICln, produces dimethylarginine-modified Sm proteins . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 21 . 24 . 8289–300 . Dec 2001 . 11713266 . 99994 . 10.1128/MCB.21.24.8289-8300.2001 .
6. Charroux B, Pellizzoni L, Perkinson RA, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Dreyfuss G . Gemin3: A novel DEAD box protein that interacts with SMN, the spinal muscular atrophy gene product, and is a component of gems . The Journal of Cell Biology . 147 . 6 . 1181–94 . Dec 1999 . 10601333 . 2168095 . 10.1083/jcb.147.6.1181.
7. Meister G, Bühler D, Laggerbauer B, Zobawa M, Lottspeich F, Fischer U . Characterization of a nuclear 20S complex containing the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein and a specific subset of spliceosomal Sm proteins . Human Molecular Genetics . 9 . 13 . 1977–86 . Aug 2000 . 10942426 . 10.1093/hmg/9.13.1977. free .
8. Liu Q, Fischer U, Wang F, Dreyfuss G . The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN, and its associated protein SIP1 are in a complex with spliceosomal snRNP proteins . Cell . 90 . 6 . 1013–21 . Sep 1997 . 9323129 . 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80367-0. 10855404 . free .
9. Friesen WJ, Dreyfuss G . Specific sequences of the Sm and Sm-like (Lsm) proteins mediate their interaction with the spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product (SMN) . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 . 34 . 26370–5 . Aug 2000 . 10851237 . 10.1074/jbc.M003299200 . free .
10. Fury MG, Zhang W, Christodoulopoulos I, Zieve GW . Multiple protein: protein interactions between the snRNP common core proteins . Experimental Cell Research . 237 . 1 . 63–9 . Nov 1997 . 9417867 . 10.1006/excr.1997.3750 .
11. Kambach C, Walke S, Young R, Avis JM, de la Fortelle E, Raker VA, Lührmann R, Li J, Nagai K . Crystal structures of two Sm protein complexes and their implications for the assembly of the spliceosomal snRNPs . Cell . 96 . 3 . 375–87 . Feb 1999 . 10025403 . 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80550-4. 17379935 . free .