SMARCD3 explained

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCD3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins, whose members display helicase and ATPase activities and which are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI and has sequence similarity to the yeast Swp73 protein.

Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Mutually exclusive incorporation of the variants into the larger SWI/SNF complex are thought to direct the complex to remodel particular sites in chromatin, leading to alterations in gene activity that dictate cell behavior or differentiation during development and disease.^[4]

SMARCD3 together with TBX15 triggers development glycolytic fast-twitch muscles by the activation of the Akt/PKB signaling pathway.^[5]

Further reading

• Wang W, Côté J, Xue Y, Zhou S, Khavari PA, Biggar SR, Muchardt C, Kalpana GV, Goff SP, Yaniv M, Workman JL, Crabtree GR . Purification and biochemical heterogeneity of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex . The EMBO Journal . 15 . 19 . 5370–82 . October 1996 . 8895581 . 452280 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00921.x.
• Shanahan F, Seghezzi W, Parry D, Mahony D, Lees E . Cyclin E associates with BAF155 and BRG1, components of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex, and alters the ability of BRG1 to induce growth arrest . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 19 . 2 . 1460–9 . February 1999 . 9891079 . 116074 . 10.1128/mcb.19.2.1460 .
• Barker N, Hurlstone A, Musisi H, Miles A, Bienz M, Clevers H . The chromatin remodelling factor Brg-1 interacts with beta-catenin to promote target gene activation . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 17 . 4935–43 . September 2001 . 11532957 . 125268 . 10.1093/emboj/20.17.4935 .
• Otsuki T, Furukawa Y, Ikeda K, Endo H, Yamashita T, Shinohara A, Iwamatsu A, Ozawa K, Liu JM . Fanconi anemia protein, FANCA, associates with BRG1, a component of the human SWI/SNF complex . Human Molecular Genetics . 10 . 23 . 2651–60 . November 2001 . 11726552 . 10.1093/hmg/10.23.2651 . free .
• Nagaraja GM, Kandpal RP . Chromosome 13q12 encoded Rho GTPase activating protein suppresses growth of breast carcinoma cells, and yeast two-hybrid screen shows its interaction with several proteins . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 313 . 3 . 654–65 . January 2004 . 14697242 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.001 .
• Debril MB, Gelman L, Fayard E, Annicotte JS, Rocchi S, Auwerx J . Transcription factors and nuclear receptors interact with the SWI/SNF complex through the BAF60c subunit . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 279 . 16 . 16677–86 . April 2004 . 14701856 . 10.1074/jbc.M312288200 . free .
• Mahmoudi T, Parra M, Vries RG, Kauder SE, Verrijzer CP, Ott M, Verdin E . The SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex is a cofactor for Tat transactivation of the HIV promoter . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 281 . 29 . 19960–8 . July 2006 . 16687403 . 10.1074/jbc.M603336200 . free .
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . November 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . free .

Notes and References

1. Wang W, Xue Y, Zhou S, Kuo A, Cairns BR, Crabtree GR . Diversity and specialization of mammalian SWI/SNF complexes . Genes & Development . 10 . 17 . 2117–30 . September 1996 . 8804307 . 10.1101/gad.10.17.2117 . free .
2. Ring HZ, Vameghi-Meyers V, Wang W, Crabtree GR, Francke U . Five SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin (SMARC) genes are dispersed in the human genome . Genomics . 51 . 1 . 140–3 . July 1998 . 9693044 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5343 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: SMARCD3 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3.
4. Puri PL, Mercola M . BAF60 A, B, and Cs of muscle determination and renewal . Genes & Development . 26 . 24 . 2673–83 . December 2012 . 23222103 . 3533072 . 10.1101/gad.207415.112 .
5. Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres | eLife . eLife . 5 August 2016 . 5 . e16940 . 10.7554/eLife.16940 . Omairi . Saleh . Matsakas . Antonios . Degens . Hans . Kretz . Oliver . Hansson . Kenth-Arne . Solbrå . Andreas Våvang . Bruusgaard . Jo C. . Joch . Barbara . Sartori . Roberta . Giallourou . Natasa . Mitchell . Robert . Collins-Hooper . Henry . Foster . Keith . Pasternack . Arja . Ritvos . Olli . Sandri . Marco . Narkar . Vihang . Swann . Jonathan R. . Huber . Tobias B. . Patel . Ketan . 27494364 . 4975572 . Cossu, Giulio . free .