SKIL explained

Ski-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SKIL gene.^{[1] [2]}

Interactions

SKIL interacts with SKI protein,^[3] Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3^{[4] [5]} and Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2.^{[4] [5]}

Protein Family

SKIL belongs to the Ski/Sno/Dac family, shared by SKI protein, Dachshund, and SKIDA1.^[6] Members of the Ski/Sno/Dac family share a domain that is roughly 100 amino acids long.

Further reading

• Pearson-White S . SnoI, a novel alternatively spliced isoform of the ski protooncogene homolog, sno . Nucleic Acids Res. . 21 . 19 . 4632–8 . 1993 . 8233802 . 10.1093/nar/21.19.4632 . 311202 .
• Pearson-White S . Crittenden R . Proto-oncogene Sno expression, alternative isoforms and immediate early serum response . Nucleic Acids Res. . 25 . 14 . 2930–7 . 1997 . 9207045 . 10.1093/nar/25.14.2930 . 146803 .
• Cohen SB . Zheng G . Heyman HC . Stavnezer E . Heterodimers of the SnoN and Ski oncoproteins form preferentially over homodimers and are more potent transforming agents . Nucleic Acids Res. . 27 . 4 . 1006–14 . 1999 . 9927733 . 10.1093/nar/27.4.1006 . 148280 .
• Stroschein SL, Wang W, Zhou S, etal . Negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein . Science . 286 . 5440 . 771–4 . 1999 . 10531062 . 10.1126/science.286.5440.771 .
• Bonni S, Wang HR, Causing CG, etal . TGF-beta induces assembly of a Smad2-Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets SnoN for degradation . Nat. Cell Biol. . 3 . 6 . 587–95 . 2001 . 11389444 . 10.1038/35078562 . 23270947 .
• Imoto I, Pimkhaokham A, Fukuda Y, etal . SNO is a probable target for gene amplification at 3q26 in squamous-cell carcinomas of the esophagus . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 286 . 3 . 559–65 . 2001 . 11511096 . 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5428 .
• Stroschein SL . Bonni S . Wrana JL . Luo K . Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN . Genes Dev. . 15 . 21 . 2822–36 . 2001 . 11691834 . 10.1101/gad.912901 . 312804 .
• Mizuide M, Hara T, Furuya T, etal . Two short segments of Smad3 are important for specific interaction of Smad3 with c-Ski and SnoN . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 1 . 531–6 . 2003 . 12426322 . 10.1074/jbc.C200596200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Tomsig JL . Snyder SL . Creutz CE . Identification of targets for calcium signaling through the copine family of proteins. Characterization of a coiled-coil copine-binding motif . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 12 . 10048–54 . 2003 . 12522145 . 10.1074/jbc.M212632200 . free .
• He J, Tegen SB, Krawitz AR, etal . The transforming activity of Ski and SnoN is dependent on their ability to repress the activity of Smad proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 33 . 30540–7 . 2003 . 12764135 . 10.1074/jbc.M304016200 . 31081406 . free .
• Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, etal . Functional Proteomics Mapping of a Human Signaling Pathway . Genome Res. . 14 . 7 . 1324–32 . 2004 . 15231748 . 10.1101/gr.2334104 . 442148 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Sarker KP . Wilson SM . Bonni S . SnoN is a cell type-specific mediator of transforming growth factor-beta responses . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 13 . 13037–46 . 2005 . 15677458 . 10.1074/jbc.M409367200 . free .
• Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, etal . High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells . Science . 307 . 5715 . 1621–5 . 2005 . 15761153 . 10.1126/science.1105776 . 2005Sci...307.1621B . 39457788 .
• Poser I, Rothhammer T, Dooley S, etal . Characterization of Sno expression in malignant melanoma . Int. J. Oncol. . 26 . 5 . 1411–7 . 2005 . 15809735 . 10.3892/ijo.26.5.1411.
• Krakowski AR, Laboureau J, Mauviel A, etal . Cytoplasmic SnoN in normal tissues and nonmalignant cells antagonizes TGF-β signaling by sequestration of the Smad proteins . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 102 . 35 . 12437–42 . 2005 . 16109768 . 10.1073/pnas.0504107102 . 1194926 . 2005PNAS..10212437K . free .
• Zhu Q . Pearson-White S . Luo K . Requirement for the SnoN Oncoprotein in Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Oncogenic Transformation of Fibroblast Cells . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 25 . 24 . 10731–44 . 2006 . 16314499 . 10.1128/MCB.25.24.10731-10744.2005 . 1316959 .
• Briones-Orta MA, Sosa-Garrocho M, Moreno-Alvarez P, etal . SnoN co-repressor binds and represses smad7 gene promoter . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 341 . 3 . 889–94 . 2006 . 16442497 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.041 .

Notes and References

1. Nomura N . Sasamoto S . Ishii S . Date T . Matsui M . Ishizaki R . Isolation of human cDNA clones of ski and the ski-related gene, sno . Nucleic Acids Res . 17 . 14 . 5489–500 . September 1989 . 2762147 . 318172 . 10.1093/nar/17.14.5489 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SKIL SKI-like oncogene.
3. 10.1093/nar/27.4.1006 . Cohen . S B . Zheng G . Heyman H C . Stavnezer E . February 1999 . Heterodimers of the SnoN and Ski oncoproteins form preferentially over homodimers and are more potent transforming agents . Nucleic Acids Res. . 27 . 4 . 1006–14 . ENGLAND. 0305-1048. 9927733 . 148280 .
4. Stroschein . S L . Bonni S . Wrana J L . Luo K . November 2001 . Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN . Genes Dev. . 15 . 21 . 2822–36 . United States. 0890-9369. 11691834 . 10.1101/gad.912901. 312804 .
5. 10.1126/science.286.5440.771 . Stroschein . S L . Wang W . Zhou S . Zhou Q . Luo K . October 1999 . Negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein . . 286 . 5440 . 771–4 . UNITED STATES. 0036-8075. 10531062 .
6. Web site: Conserved Protein Domain Family Ski_Sno. NCBI. 5 May 2019.