NIST hash function competition explained

The NIST hash function competition was an open competition held by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop a new hash function called SHA-3 to complement the older SHA-1 and SHA-2. The competition was formally announced in the Federal Register on November 2, 2007.[1] "NIST is initiating an effort to develop one or more additional hash algorithms through a public competition, similar to the development process for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)."[2] The competition ended on October 2, 2012, when NIST announced that Keccak would be the new SHA-3 hash algorithm.[3]

The winning hash function has been published as NIST FIPS 202 the "SHA-3 Standard", to complement FIPS 180-4, the Secure Hash Standard.

The NIST competition has inspired other competitions such as the Password Hashing Competition.

Process

Submissions were due October 31, 2008 and the list of candidates accepted for the first round was published on December 9, 2008.[4] NIST held a conference in late February 2009 where submitters presented their algorithms and NIST officials discussed criteria for narrowing down the field of candidates for Round 2.[5] The list of 14 candidates accepted to Round 2 was published on July 24, 2009.[6] Another conference was held on August 23–24, 2010 (after CRYPTO 2010) at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where the second-round candidates were discussed.[7] The announcement of the final round candidates occurred on December 10, 2010.[8] On October 2, 2012, NIST announced its winner, choosing Keccak, created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, and Gilles Van Assche of STMicroelectronics and Michaël Peeters of NXP.[3]

Entrants

This is an incomplete list of known submissions.NIST selected 51 entries for round 1. 14 of them advanced to round 2, from which 5 finalists were selected.

Winner

The winner was announced to be Keccak on October 2, 2012.[9]

Finalists

NIST selected five SHA-3 candidate algorithms to advance to the third (and final) round:[10]

NIST noted some factors that figured into its selection as it announced the finalists:[11]

NIST has released a report explaining its evaluation algorithm-by-algorithm.[12] [13] [14]

Did not pass to final round

The following hash function submissions were accepted for round two, but did not make it to the final round. As noted in the announcement of the finalists, "none of these candidates was clearly broken".

Did not pass to round two

The following hash function submissions were accepted for round one but did not pass to round two. They have neither been conceded by the submitters nor have had substantial cryptographic weaknesses. However, most of them have some weaknesses in the design components, or performance issues.

Entrants with substantial weaknesses

The following non-conceded round one entrants have had substantial cryptographic weaknesses announced:

Conceded entrants

The following round one entrants have been officially retracted from the competition by their submitters; they are considered broken according to the NIST official round one candidates web site.[54] As such, they are withdrawn from the competition.

Rejected entrants

Several submissions received by NIST were not accepted as first-round candidates, following an internal review by NIST. In general, NIST gave no details as to why each was rejected. NIST also has not given a comprehensive list of rejected algorithms; there are known to be 13,[68] but only the following are public.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 212. November 2, 2007. 2008-11-06. Federal Register. Government Printing Office. PDF.
  2. Web site: cryptographic hash project – Background Information. 2008-11-06 . Computer Security Resource Center. National Institute of Standards and Technology. November 2, 2007.
  3. Web site: NIST Selects Winner of Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-3) Competition. NIST. October 2, 2012. October 2, 2012.
  4. Web site: Round 1. 2008-12-09. 2008-12-10.
  5. Web site: The First SHA-3 Candidate Conference. National Institute of Standards and Technology. December 9, 2008. 23 December 2008.
  6. Web site: Second Round Candidates. National Institute for Standards and Technology. July 24, 2009. July 24, 2009.
  7. Web site: The Second SHA-3 Candidate Conference. National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 30, 2010.
  8. Web site: Tentative Timeline of the Development of New Hash Functions. NIST. December 10, 2008. September 15, 2009.
  9. https://www.nist.gov/itl/csd/sha-100212.cfm NIST Selects Winner of Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-3) Competition
  10. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/Round3/submissions_rnd3.html Third (Final) Round Candidates
  11. http://crypto.junod.info/2010/12/10/sha-3-finalists-announced-by-nist/ SHA-3 Finalists Announced by NIST
  12. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/Round1/documents/sha3_NISTIR7620.pdf Status Report on the first round of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition
  13. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/Round2/documents/Round2_Report_NISTIR_7764.pdf Status Report on the second round of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition
  14. http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2012/NIST.IR.7896.pdf Third-Round Report of the SHA-3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition
  15. Web site: blue_midnight_wish. 10 November 2008. Svein Johan Knapskog. Danilo Gligoroski . Vlastimil Klima . Mohamed El-Hadedy . Jørn Amundsen . Stig Frode Mjølsnes . November 4, 2008.
  16. Web site: Pseudo-cryptanalysis of Blue Midnight Wish. PDF. Søren S. Thomsen. 2009. 19 May 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090902193808/http://www2.mat.dtu.dk/people/S.Thomsen/bmw/bmw-pseudo.pdf. 2 September 2009.
  17. Web site: SHA-3 Proposal: ECHO. PDF. Henri Gilbert. Ryad Benadjila . Olivier Billet . Gilles Macario-Rat . Thomas Peyrin . Matt Robshaw . Yannick Seurin . October 29, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  18. Web site: The Hash Function Hamsi. PDF. Özgül Kücük. 31 October 2008. 11 December 2008.
  19. Web site: Hash Function Luffa: Specification. PDF. Dai Watanabe. Christophe De Canniere . Hisayoshi Sato . 31 October 2008. 11 December 2008.
  20. Web site: Shabal, a Submission to NIST's Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition. PDF. Jean-François Misarsky . Emmanuel Bresson . Anne Canteaut. Anne Canteaut . Benoît Chevallier-Mames . Christophe Clavier . Thomas Fuhr . Aline Gouget . Aline Gouget . Thomas Icart . Jean-François Misarsky . Marìa Naya-Plasencia . Pascal Paillier . Thomas Pornin . Jean-René Reinhard . Céline Thuillet . Marion Videau . October 28, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  21. Web site: The SHAvite-3 Hash Function. PDF. Eli Biham. Orr Dunkelman. 11 December 2008.
  22. Web site: ARIRANG. PDF. Jongin Lim . Donghoon Chang . Seokhie Hong . Changheon Kang . Jinkeon Kang . Jongsung Kim . Changhoon Lee . Jesang Lee . Jongtae Lee . Sangjin Lee . Yuseop Lee . Jaechul Sung . October 29, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  23. Web site: Submission to the SHA-3 Competition: The CHI Family of Cryptographic Hash Algorithms. 11 November 2008. Philip Hawkes. Cameron McDonald. October 30, 2008.
  24. Web site: CRUNCH . 14 November 2008 . Jacques Patarin . Louis Goubin . Mickael Ivascot . William Jalby . Olivier Ly . Valerie Nachef . Joana Treger . Emmanuel Volte . https://web.archive.org/web/20090129125541/http://voltee.com/crunch/ . January 29, 2009 . dead .
  25. Web site: SHA-3 Proposal: Lesamnta. PDF. Hirotaka Yoshida. Shoichi Hirose . Hidenori Kuwakado . 30 October 2008. 11 December 2008.
  26. Web site: The Sarmal Hash Function. 12 October 2010. Kerem Varıcı. Onur Özen. Çelebi Kocair. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110611091218/http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~kvarici/sarmal_hash.html. 11 June 2011.
  27. Web site: The TIB3 Hash. Daniel Penazzi. Miguel Montes. 2008-11-29.
  28. Web site: AURORA: A Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Family. PDF. Tetsu Iwata . Kyoji Shibutani . Taizo Shirai . Shiho Moriai . Toru Akishita . October 31, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  29. Web site: Attacks on AURORA-512 and the Double-MIX Merkle–Damgård Transform. PDF . Niels Ferguson . Niels Ferguson . Stefan Lucks . Stefan Lucks . 2009. 10 July 2009.
  30. Web site: BLENDER: A Proposed New Family of Cryptographic Hash Algorithms. PDF. Colin Bradbury. 25 October 2008. 11 December 2008.
  31. Web site: Observations and Attacks On The SHA-3 Candidate Blender. PDF. Craig Newbold. 23 December 2008.
  32. Web site: Preimage Attack on Blender. PDF. Florian Mendel. 23 December 2008.
  33. Web site: The Hash Function Cheetah: Specification and Supporting Documentation. PDF. Dmitry Khovratovich. Alex Biryukov . Ivica Nikolić . October 30, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  34. Web site: Danilo Gligoroski – Cheetah hash function is not resistant against length-extension attack. Danilo Gligoroski. 2008-12-12. 21 December 2008.
  35. Web site: Dynamic SHA. PDF. Zijie Xu. 11 December 2008.
  36. Web site: Dynamic SHA is vulnerable to generic attacks. Vlastimil Klima. 2008-12-14. 21 December 2008.
  37. Web site: Dynamic SHA2. PDF. Zijie Xu. NIST. 11 December 2008.
  38. Web site: Dynamic SHA2 is vulnerable to generic attacks. Vlastimil Klima. 2008-12-14. 21 December 2008.
  39. Web site: edon-r. 10 November 2008. Danilo Gligoroski. Rune Steinsmo Ødegård . Marija Mihova . Svein Johan Knapskog . Ljupco Kocarev . Aleš Drápal . November 4, 2008.
  40. Web site: Cryptanalysis of Edon-R. 10 July 2009 . Dmitry Khovratovich . Ivica Nikolić . Ralf-Philipp Weinmann . 2008.
  41. Web site: EnRUPT – The Simpler The Better. 10 November 2008. Sean O'Neil. Karsten Nohl . Luca Henzen . October 31, 2008.
  42. Web site: Collisions for EnRUPT. 2008-11-07. Sebastiaan Indesteege. November 6, 2008. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090218093632/http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~sindeste/enrupt.html. February 18, 2009.
  43. Web site: ESSENCE: A Candidate Hashing Algorithm for the NIST Competition. https://web.archive.org/web/20100612084041/http://www.math.jmu.edu/~martin/essence/Supporting_Documentation/essence_NIST.pdf. dead. June 12, 2010. 2008-11-08. Jason Worth Martin. October 21, 2008. PDF.
  44. Web site: Cryptanalysis of ESSENCE. PDF.
  45. Web site: Hash family LUX – Algorithm Specifications and Supporting Documentation. PDF. Ivica Nikolić. Alex Biryukov . Dmitry Khovratovich . 11 December 2008.
  46. Web site: MCSSHA-3 hash algorithm. 2008-11-08. Mikhail Maslennikov. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090502224350/http://registercsp.nets.co.kr/hash_competition.htm. 2009-05-02.
  47. Web site: Second preimages on MCSSHA-3. PDF. 14 November 2008. Jean-Philippe Aumasson. María Naya-Plasencia.
  48. Web site: The Sgàil Cryptographic Hash Function. 2008-11-09. September 2008. Peter Maxwell. PDF. https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211946/http://www.allicient.co.uk/files/sgail/Supporting_Documentation/specification.pdf. November 12, 2013. dead.
  49. Web site: Aww, p*sh!. 2008-11-06. Peter Maxwell. November 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081109065226/http://www.allicient.co.uk/2008/11/05/aww-psh/. November 9, 2008. dead.
  50. Web site: The Twister Hash Function Family. PDF. Michael Gorski. Ewan Fleischmann . Christian Forler . October 28, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  51. Web site: Cryptanalysis of Twister. PDF. Florian Mendel . Christian Rechberger . Martin Schläffer . 2008. 19 May 2009.
  52. Web site: Vortex: A New Family of One Way Hash Functions based on Rijndael Rounds and Carry-less Multiplication. 11 November 2008. Michael Kounavis. Shay Gueron. November 3, 2008.
  53. Web site: Cryptanalysis of Vortex. PDF. Jean-Philippe Aumasson . Orr Dunkelman . Florian Mendel . Christian Rechberger . Søren S. Thomsen . 2009. 19 May 2009.
  54. Web site: Information Technology Laboratory. Computer Security Division. 2019-04-26. SHA-3 Project – Hash Functions. 4 January 2017. CSRC: NIST.
  55. Web site: Abacus: A Candidate for SHA-3. PDF. Neil Sholer. October 29, 2008. 11 December 2008.
  56. Web site: Design and Primitive Specification for Boole. 2008-11-08. Gregory G. Rose. PDF.
  57. Web site: Official Comment: Boole. PDF. Gregory G. Rose. 10 Dec 2008. 23 December 2008.
  58. Web site: The DCH Hash Function. PDF. David A. Wilson. October 23, 2008. 23 November 2008.
  59. Web site: A New Hash Algorithm: Khichidi-1. PDF. Natarajan Vijayarangan. 11 December 2008.
  60. Web site: MeshHash. PDF. Björn Fay. 30 November 2008.
  61. Web site: SHAMATA hash function: A candidate algorithm for NIST competition. https://web.archive.org/web/20090201153442/http://www.uekae.tubitak.gov.tr/home.do?ot=1&sid=601&pid=547. dead. 1 February 2009. 10 November 2008. Orhun Kara. Adem Atalay. Ferhat Karakoc. Cevat Manap.
  62. Web site: StreamHash Algorithm Specifications and Supporting Documentation. PDF. Michal Trojnara. October 14, 2008. 15 December 2008.
  63. Web site: The Tangle Hash Function. PDF. Rafael Alvarez . Gary McGuire . Antonio Zamora. 11 December 2008.
  64. Web site: WaMM: A Candidate Algorithm for the SHA-3 Competition. https://web.archive.org/web/20090419085817/http://www.washburnresearch.org/cryptography/archive/WaMM-SHA3.pdf. dead. 2009-04-19. 2008-11-09. John Washburn. PDF.
  65. Web site: Official Comment: WaMM is Withdrawn. PDFauthor=John Washburn. 20 Dec 2008. 23 December 2008.
  66. Web site: Waterfall Hash – Algorithm Specification and Analysis. 2008-11-09. October 15, 2008. Bob Hattersly. PDF.
  67. Web site: Official Comment: Waterfall is broken. PDF. Bob Hattersley. 20 Dec 2008. 23 December 2008.
  68. Web site: Skein and SHA-3 News. Bruce Schneier. November 19, 2008. 23 December 2008.
  69. Web site: Algorithm Specification. Robert J. Jenkins Jr.. 15 December 2008.
  70. Web site: Internal collision attack on Maraca. PDF. Anne Canteaut. María Naya-Plasencia. amp. 15 December 2008.
  71. Web site: Algorithm Specification for MIXIT: a SHA-3 Candidate Cryptographic Hash Algorithm. Michael P. Frank. 12 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051325/https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/3133557/Bitcoin/mixit-spec.pdf. March 4, 2016. dead.
  72. Web site: NKS 2D Cellular Automata Hash. 2008-11-09. Geoffrey Park. PDF.
  73. Web site: Collisions for NKS2D-224. Cristophe De Cannière. 14 November 2008. November 13, 2008.
  74. Web site: Collisions for NKS2D-512. Brandon Enright. 14 November 2008. November 14, 2008.
  75. Web site: Ponic. 2008-11-09. Peter Schmidt-Nielsen. PDF.
  76. Web site: Second preimage attack on Ponic. PDF. María Naya-Plasencia. 30 November 2008.
  77. Web site: ZK-Crypt Homepage. Nicolas T. Courtois. Carmi Gressel. Avi Hecht. Gregory V. Bard. Ran Granot. 1 March 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090209040334/http://fortressgb.com/apage/39649.php. 9 February 2009.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "NIST hash function competition".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.