Surfactant protein D explained

Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of lectins called collectin.^[1] In humans, SP-D is encoded by the SFTPD gene^{[2] [3]} and is part of the innate immune system.^{[4] [5]} Each SP-D subunit is composed of an N-terminal domain, a collagenous region, a nucleating neck region, and a C-terminal lectin domain.^[6] Three of these subunits assemble to form a homotrimer, which further assemble into a tetrameric complex.

Interactions

Surfactant protein D has been shown to interact with DMBT1,^{[7] [8]} and hemagglutinin of influenza A virus.^[9] Post-translational modification of SP-D i.e. S-nitrosylation switches its function.^{[10] [11] [12]}

See also

• pulmonary surfactant

Further reading

• Atochina-Vasserman EN, Beers MF, Kadire H, Tomer Y, Inch A, Scott P, Guo CJ, Gow AJ . 6 . Selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase activity in vivo reverses inflammatory abnormalities in surfactant protein D-deficient mice . Journal of Immunology . 179 . 12 . 8090–7 . December 2007 . 18056350 . 4009628 . 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8090 .
• Guo CJ, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Abramova E, Foley JP, Zaman A, Crouch E, Beers MF, Savani RC, Gow AJ . 6 . S-nitrosylation of surfactant protein-D controls inflammatory function . PLOS Biology . 6 . 11 . e266 . November 2008 . 19007302 . 2581630 . 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060266 . free .
• Hansen S, Holmskov U . Structural aspects of collectins and receptors for collectins . Immunobiology . 199 . 2 . 165–89 . August 1998 . 9777404 . 10.1016/s0171-2985(98)80025-9 .
• Lu J, Willis AC, Reid KB . Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of human lung surfactant protein D . The Biochemical Journal . 284 (Pt 3) . 3 . 795–802 . June 1992 . 1339284 . 1132609 . 10.1042/bj2840795 . 284 .
• Persson AV, Gibbons BJ, Shoemaker JD, Moxley MA, Longmore WJ . The major glycolipid recognized by SP-D in surfactant is phosphatidylinositol . Biochemistry . 31 . 48 . 12183–9 . December 1992 . 1457414 . 10.1021/bi00163a030 .
• Ogasawara Y, Kuroki Y, Akino T . Pulmonary surfactant protein D specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 267 . 29 . 21244–9 . October 1992 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36824-3 . 1400434 . free .
• Rust K, Grosso L, Zhang V, Chang D, Persson A, Longmore W, Cai GZ, Crouch E . 6 . Human surfactant protein D: SP-D contains a C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics . 290 . 1 . 116–26 . October 1991 . 1898081 . 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90597-C .
• Kuroki Y, Shiratori M, Ogasawara Y, Tsuzuki A, Akino T . Characterization of pulmonary surfactant protein D: its copurification with lipids . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism . 1086 . 2 . 185–90 . November 1991 . 1932100 . 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90006-4 .
• Crouch E, Persson A, Chang D, Heuser J . Molecular structure of pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 269 . 25 . 17311–9 . June 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32556-5 . 8006040 . free .
• Schaeffer E, Guillou F, Part D, Zakin MM . A different combination of transcription factors modulates the expression of the human transferrin promoter in liver and Sertoli cells . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 268 . 31 . 23399–408 . November 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)49476-3 . 8226864 . free .
• Kölble K, Lu J, Mole SE, Kaluz S, Reid KB . Assignment of the human pulmonary surfactant protein D gene (SFTP4) to 10q22-q23 close to the surfactant protein A gene cluster . Genomics . 17 . 2 . 294–8 . August 1993 . 8406480 . 10.1006/geno.1993.1324 .
• Crouch E, Persson A, Chang D . Accumulation of surfactant protein D in human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis . The American Journal of Pathology . 142 . 1 . 241–8 . January 1993 . 8424457 . 1886847 .
• Crouch . E. . Rust . K. . Veile . R. . Donis-Keller . H. . Helen Donis-Keller. Grosso . L. . Genomic organization of human surfactant protein D (SP-D). SP-D is encoded on chromosome 10q22.2-23.1. . Journal of Biological Chemistry . February 1993 . 268 . 4 . 2976–2983 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53869-2. 8428971 . free .
• Rust K, Bingle L, Mariencheck W, Persson A, Crouch EC . Characterization of the human surfactant protein D promoter: transcriptional regulation of SP-D gene expression by glucocorticoids . American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology . 14 . 2 . 121–30 . February 1996 . 8630261 . 10.1165/ajrcmb.14.2.8630261 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . September 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Holmskov U, Lawson P, Teisner B, Tornoe I, Willis AC, Morgan C, Koch C, Reid KB . 6 . Isolation and characterization of a new member of the scavenger receptor superfamily, glycoprotein-340 (gp-340), as a lung surfactant protein-D binding molecule . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 21 . 13743–9 . May 1997 . 9153228 . 10.1074/jbc.272.21.13743 . free .
• Botas C, Poulain F, Akiyama J, Brown C, Allen L, Goerke J, Clements J, Carlson E, Gillespie AM, Epstein C, Hawgood S . 6 . Altered surfactant homeostasis and alveolar type II cell morphology in mice lacking surfactant protein D . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 95 . 20 . 11869–74 . September 1998 . 9751757 . 21732 . 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11869 . 1998PNAS...9511869B . free .
• Håkansson K, Lim NK, Hoppe HJ, Reid KB . Crystal structure of the trimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil and the three lectin domains of human lung surfactant protein D . Structure . 7 . 3 . 255–64 . March 1999 . 10368295 . 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80036-7 . free .
• Holmskov U, Mollenhauer J, Madsen J, Vitved L, Gronlund J, Tornoe I, Kliem A, Reid KB, Poustka A, Skjodt K . 6 . Cloning of gp-340, a putative opsonin receptor for lung surfactant protein D . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 . 19 . 10794–9 . September 1999 . 10485905 . 17962 . 10.1073/pnas.96.19.10794 . 1999PNAS...9610794H . free .
• Lausen M, Lynch N, Schlosser A, Tornoe I, Saekmose SG, Teisner B, Willis AC, Crouch E, Schwaeble W, Holmskov U . 6 . Microfibril-associated protein 4 is present in lung washings and binds to the collagen region of lung surfactant protein D . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 45 . 32234–40 . November 1999 . 10542261 . 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32234 . free .
• Madsen J, Kliem A, Tornoe I, Skjodt K, Koch C, Holmskov U . Localization of lung surfactant protein D on mucosal surfaces in human tissues . Journal of Immunology . 164 . 11 . 5866–70 . June 2000 . 10820266 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5866 . free .
• Zhang L, Ikegami M, Crouch EC, Korfhagen TR, Whitsett JA . Activity of pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in vivo is dependent on oligomeric structure . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 276 . 22 . 19214–9 . June 2001 . 11278637 . 10.1074/jbc.M010191200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Hoppe HJ, Barlow PN, Reid KB . A parallel three stranded alpha-helical bundle at the nucleation site of collagen triple-helix formation . FEBS Letters . 344 . 2–3 . 191–5 . May 1994 . 8187882 . 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00383-1 . 2920539 . free . 1994FEBSL.344..191H .
2. Rust K, Grosso L, Zhang V, Chang D, Persson A, Longmore W, Cai GZ, Crouch E . 6 . Human surfactant protein D: SP-D contains a C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics . 290 . 1 . 116–26 . October 1991 . 1898081 . 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90597-C .
3. Lu J, Willis AC, Reid KB . Purification, characterization and cDNA cloning of human lung surfactant protein D . The Biochemical Journal . 284 . 3 . 795–802 . June 1992 . 1339284 . 1132609 . 10.1042/bj2840795 . 284 .
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: SFTPD surfactant, pulmonary-associated protein D .
5. Brandt EB, Mingler MK, Stevenson MD, Wang N, Khurana Hershey GK, Whitsett JA, Rothenberg ME . Surfactant protein D alters allergic lung responses in mice and human subjects . The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology . 121 . 5 . 1140–1147.e2 . May 2008 . 18355911 . 4145593 . 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.011 .
6. Crouch E, Persson A, Chang D, Heuser J . Erika Crouch. Molecular structure of pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 269 . 25 . 17311–9 . June 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32556-5 . 8006040 . free .
7. Tino MJ, Wright JR . Glycoprotein-340 binds surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and stimulates alveolar macrophage migration in an SP-A-independent manner . American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology . 20 . 4 . 759–68 . April 1999 . 10101009 . 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.4.3439 . 29437779 .
8. Holmskov U, Lawson P, Teisner B, Tornoe I, Willis AC, Morgan C, Koch C, Reid KB . 6 . Isolation and characterization of a new member of the scavenger receptor superfamily, glycoprotein-340 (gp-340), as a lung surfactant protein-D binding molecule . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 21 . 13743–9 . May 1997 . 9153228 . 10.1074/jbc.272.21.13743 . free .
9. Goh BC, Rynkiewicz MJ, Cafarella TR, White MR, Hartshorn KL, Allen K, Crouch EC, Calin O, Seeberger PH, Schulten K, Seaton BA . 6 . Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of influenza by surfactant protein D revealed by large-scale molecular dynamics simulation . EN . Biochemistry . 52 . 47 . 8527–38 . November 2013 . 24224757 . 3927399 . 10.1021/bi4010683 .
10. Guo CJ, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Abramova E, Foley JP, Zaman A, Crouch E, Beers MF, Savani RC, Gow AJ . 6 . S-nitrosylation of surfactant protein-D controls inflammatory function . PLOS Biology . 6 . 11 . e266 . November 2008 . 19007302 . 2581630 . 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060266 . free .
11. Atochina-Vasserman EN, Guo CJ, Abramova E, Golden TN, Sims M, James ML, Beers MF, Gow AJ, Krymskaya VP . 6 . Surfactant dysfunction and lung inflammation in the female mouse model of lymphangioleiomyomatosis . American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology . 53 . 1 . 96–104 . July 2015 . 25474372 . 4566108 . 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0224OC .
12. Atochina-Vasserman EN, Winkler C, Abramova H, Schaumann F, Krug N, Gow AJ, Beers MF, Hohlfeld JM . 6 . Segmental allergen challenge alters multimeric structure and function of surfactant protein D in humans . American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 183 . 7 . 856–64 . April 2011 . 21131470 . 3086753 . 10.1164/rccm.201004-0654OC .