SFRP2 explained

Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFRP2 gene.^{[1] [2]} This gene encodes a member of the SFRP family that contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs act as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. Methylation of this gene is a potential marker for the presence of colorectal cancer.

New cardiomyocytes can be regenerated in the mouse heart via Sfrp2 and this may lead to treatment of heart injury https://www.pnas.org/content/118/33/e2103676118.abstract?etoc.

Cancer

SFRP2 gene has been detected progressively overexpressed in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy.^[3] For this reason, this gene is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions progression.^[4]

Further reading

• Rattner A, Hsieh JC, Smallwood PM, etal . A family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine-rich ligand-binding domain of frizzled receptors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 94 . 7 . 2859–63 . 1997 . 9096311 . 10.1073/pnas.94.7.2859 . 20287 . 1997PNAS...94.2859R . free .
• Hu E, Zhu Y, Fredrickson T, etal . Tissue restricted expression of two human Frzbs in preadipocytes and pancreas . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 247 . 2 . 287–93 . 1998 . 9642118 . 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8784 .
• Lescher B, Haenig B, Kispert A . sFRP-2 is a target of the Wnt-4 signaling pathway in the developing metanephric kidney . Dev. Dyn. . 213 . 4 . 440–51 . 1999 . 9853965 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199812)213:4<440::AID-AJA9>3.0.CO;2-6 . free .
• Chang JT, Esumi N, Moore K, etal . Cloning and characterization of a secreted frizzled-related protein that is expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 8 . 4 . 575–83 . 1999 . 10072424 . 10.1093/hmg/8.4.575 . free .
• Lee CS, Buttitta LA, May NR, etal . SHH-N upregulates Sfrp2 to mediate its competitive interaction with WNT1 and WNT4 in the somitic mesoderm . Development . 127 . 1 . 109–18 . 2000 . 10.1242/dev.127.1.109 . 10654605 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, etal . The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 .
• Brophy PD, Lang KM, Dressler GR . The secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) gene is a target of the Pax2 transcription factor . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 52 . 52401–5 . 2004 . 14561758 . 10.1074/jbc.M305614200 . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Lee JL, Lin CT, Chueh LL, Chang CJ . Autocrine/paracrine secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 induces cellular resistance to apoptosis: a possible mechanism of mammary tumorigenesis . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 15 . 14602–9 . 2004 . 14709558 . 10.1074/jbc.M309008200 . free .
• Müller HM, Oberwalder M, Fiegl H, etal . Methylation changes in faecal DNA: a marker for colorectal cancer screening? . Lancet . 363 . 9417 . 1283–5 . 2004 . 15094274 . 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16002-9 . 22608605 .
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, etal . Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation . Nat. Biotechnol. . 22 . 6 . 707–16 . 2005 . 15146197 . 10.1038/nbt971 . 27764390 .
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ . Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites . Protein Sci. . 13 . 10 . 2819–24 . 2005 . 15340161 . 10.1110/ps.04682504 . 2286551 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, etal . Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries . DNA Res. . 12 . 2 . 117–26 . 2007 . 16303743 . 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . free .
• Clément G, Braunschweig R, Pasquier N, etal . Alterations of the Wnt signaling pathway during the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus . Oncogene . 25 . 21 . 3084–92 . 2006 . 16407829 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1209338 . free .
• Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, etal . Combination analysis of hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist family genes as a novel epigenetic biomarker panel for bladder cancer detection . Clin. Cancer Res. . 12 . 7 Pt 1 . 2109–16 . 2006 . 16609023 . 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2468 . free .
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, etal . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . free .
• Huang ZH, Li LH, Yang F, Wang JF . Detection of aberrant methylation in fecal DNA as a molecular screening tool for colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions . World J. Gastroenterol. . 13 . 6 . 950–4 . 2007 . 17352030 . 4065936 . 10.3748/wjg.v13.i6.950 . free .
• Veeck J, Noetzel E, Bektas N, Jost E, Hartmann A, Knuchel R, Dahl E . Promoter hypermethylation of the SFRP2 gene is a high-frequent alteration and tumor-specific epigenetic marker in human breast cancer . Mol Cancer . 7 . 83 . 83. 2008 . 18990230 . 10.1186/1476-4598-7-83 . 2613402 . free .

Notes and References

1. Melkonyan HS, Chang WC, Shapiro JP, Mahadevappa M, Fitzpatrick PA, Kiefer MC, Tomei LD, Umansky SR . SARPs: A family of secreted apoptosis-related proteins . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 94 . 25 . 13636–41 . Jan 1998 . 9391078 . 28358 . 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13636 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SFRP2 secreted frizzled-related protein 2.
3. Rotondo JC, Bosi S, Bassi C, Ferracin M, Lanza G, Gafà R, Magri E, Selvatici R, Torresani S, Marci R, Garutti P, Negrini M, Tognon M, Martini F . Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes. . J Cell Physiol . 230. 4 . 802–812 . April 2015 . 25205602 . 10.1002/jcp.24808 . 11392/2066612 . 24986454 . free .
4. Rotondo JC, Bosi S, Bassi C, Ferracin M, Lanza G, Gafà R, Magri E, Selvatici R, Torresani S, Marci R, Garutti P, Negrini M, Tognon M, Martini F . Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic keratinocytes. . J Cell Physiol . 230. 4 . 802–812 . April 2015 . 25205602 . 10.1002/jcp.24808 . 11392/2066612 . 24986454 . free .