SEMA7A explained

Semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group) (SEMA7A) also known as CD108 (Cluster of Differentiation 108), is a human gene.^[1]

SEMA7A is a membrane-bound semaphorin that associates with cell surfaces via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. SEMA7A is also known as the John-Milton-Hagen (JMH) blood group antigen, an 80-kD glycoprotein expressed on activated lymphocytes and erythrocytes.[supplied by OMIM]^[1] SEMA7A is expressed in various adult tissues such as adipose, colon, esophagus, heart, brain, spleen, testis, lung, ovary, and uterus.^[2]

Development

SEMA7A promotes axonal growth and is involved in mesoderm derived somite formation. Murine embryonic Sema7A expression is highest on day 7, which is indicative of its role on the differentiation of germ layer structure.^[3] Embryonic Sema7A expression is noticeable at all developmental stages as well as in the newborn and adult thymus, indicative of a development T-cell role.^[3] In wild type neurons, addition of Sema7A under in vitro conditions promotes elongation and branching in a dose dependent manner.^[4] Unlike the majority of semaphorins, SEMA7A enhances axonal growth and is imperative for proper embryonic axonal tract formation.^[5] Limited expression of SEMA7A is found in the hindbrain as opposed to an abundance of SEMA7A expression found in both the cranial and trunk neural crest cells, which indicates an involvement in migration and differentiation.^[6] Sema7A -/- mice show defects in olfactory tract development.^[7]

Tumorigenesis

In normal breast tissue, mRNA expression of SEMA7A is low or not expressed, but activation to re-express SEMA7A occurs in these adult tissues to cause pleiotropic effects which increase tumorigenesis.^{[8] [9]} Tumor cell growth, EMT, lung metastasis and angiogenesis have been linked to increased Sema7a expression in murine models.^{[10] [11] [12]} Increased SEMA7A expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.^[9] Tumors increase SEMA7A expression in an involuting environment, but knockout of SEMA7a in mouse models undergoing involution decreases lymphangiogenesis.^[13]

Genetics

This protein is known to have eight variants in the extracellular region: seven lie within the Sema domain and one within the PSI domain.

Molecular biology

This protein forms dimers.

Notes

This protein acts as a receptor for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• Xu X, Ng S, Wu ZL, Nguyen D, Homburger S, Seidel-Dugan C, Ebens A, Luo Y . Human semaphorin K1 is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked and defines a new subfamily of viral-related semaphorins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 35 . 22428–22434 . August 1998 . 9712866 . 10.1074/jbc.273.35.22428 . free .
• Lange C, Liehr T, Goen M, Gebhart E, Fleckenstein B, Ensser A . New eukaryotic semaphorins with close homology to semaphorins of DNA viruses . Genomics . 51 . 3 . 340–350 . August 1998 . 9721204 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5256 .
• Yamada A, Kubo K, Takeshita T, Harashima N, Kawano K, Mine T, Sagawa K, Sugamura K, Itoh K . Molecular cloning of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CDw108 . Journal of Immunology . 162 . 7 . 4094–4100 . April 1999 . 10201933 . 10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4094 . free .
• Angelisová P, Drbal K, Cerný J, Hilgert I, Horejsí V . Characterization of the human leukocyte GPI-anchored glycoprotein CDw108 and its relation to other similar molecules . Immunobiology . 200 . 2 . 234–245 . June 1999 . 10416131 . 10.1016/s0171-2985(99)80073-4 .
• Tamagnone L, Artigiani S, Chen H, He Z, Ming GI, Song H, Chedotal A, Winberg ML, Goodman CS, Poo M, Tessier-Lavigne M, Comoglio PM . Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates . Cell . 99 . 1 . 71–80 . October 1999 . 10520995 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X . 17386412 . free .
• Mine T, Harada K, Matsumoto T, Yamana H, Shirouzu K, Itoh K, Yamada A . CDw108 expression during T-cell development . Tissue Antigens . 55 . 5 . 429–436 . May 2000 . 10885563 . 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x .
• Holmes S, Downs AM, Fosberry A, Hayes PD, Michalovich D, Murdoch P, Moores K, Fox J, Deen K, Pettman G, Wattam T, Lewis C . Sema7A is a potent monocyte stimulator . Scandinavian Journal of Immunology . 56 . 3 . 270–275 . September 2002 . 12193228 . 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01129.x . 26634136 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 . 26 . 16899–16903 . December 2002 . 12477932 . 139241 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . free . 2002PNAS...9916899M .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs . Nature Genetics . 36 . 1 . 40–45 . January 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Research . 14 . 10B . 2121–2127 . October 2004 . 15489334 . 528928 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 .
• Maurin JC, Delorme G, Machuca-Gayet I, Couble ML, Magloire H, Jurdic P, Bleicher F . Odontoblast expression of semaphorin 7A during innervation of human dentin . Matrix Biology . 24 . 3 . 232–238 . May 2005 . 15907379 . 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.03.005 .
• Hu Y, Malone JP, Fagan AM, Townsend RR, Holtzman DM . Comparative proteomic analysis of intra- and interindividual variation in human cerebrospinal fluid . Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . 4 . 12 . 2000–2009 . December 2005 . 16199891 . 10.1074/mcp.M500207-MCP200 . free .
• Koh JM, Oh B, Lee JY, Lee JK, Kimm K, Kim GS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Shin HD, Hong JM, Kim TH, Park EK, Kim SY . Association study of semaphorin 7a (sema7a) polymorphisms with bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women . Journal of Human Genetics . 51 . 2 . 112–117 . 2006 . 16372136 . 10.1007/s10038-005-0331-z . free .

External links

• • John Milton Hagen blood group system in the BGMUT blood group antigen gene mutation database
• PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Semaphorin-7A

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: SEMA7A semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group).
2. Web site: Tissue expression of SEMA7A - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas. www.proteinatlas.org. 2020-04-14.
3. Mine T, Harada K, Matsumoto T, Yamana H, Shirouzu K, Itoh K, Yamada A . CDw108 expression during T-cell development . Tissue Antigens . 55 . 5 . 429–436 . May 2000 . 10885563 . 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x .
4. Moresco EM, Donaldson S, Williamson A, Koleske AJ . Integrin-mediated dendrite branch maintenance requires Abelson (Abl) family kinases . The Journal of Neuroscience . 25 . 26 . 6105–6118 . June 2005 . 15987940 . 6725048 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1432-05.2005 .
5. Scott GA, McClelland LA, Fricke AF . Semaphorin 7a promotes spreading and dendricity in human melanocytes through beta1-integrins . The Journal of Investigative Dermatology . 128 . 1 . 151–161 . January 2008 . 17671519 . 10.1038/sj.jid.5700974 . free .
6. Bao ZZ, Jin Z . Sema3D and Sema7A have distinct expression patterns in chick embryonic development . Developmental Dynamics . 235 . 8 . 2282–2289 . August 2006 . 16804892 . 1564195 . 10.1002/dvdy.20882 .
7. Pasterkamp RJ, Peschon JJ, Spriggs MK, Kolodkin AL . Semaphorin 7A promotes axon outgrowth through integrins and MAPKs . Nature . 424 . 6947 . 398–405 . July 2003 . 12879062 . 10.1038/nature01790 . 12690989 . 2003Natur.424..398J .
8. Moserle L, Casanovas O . Exploiting pleiotropic activities of semaphorins as multi-target therapies for cancer . EMBO Molecular Medicine . 4 . 3 . 168–170 . March 2012 . 22323445 . 3376851 . 10.1002/emmm.201200206 .
9. Black SA, Nelson AC, Gurule NJ, Futscher BW, Lyons TR . Semaphorin 7a exerts pleiotropic effects to promote breast tumor progression . Oncogene . 35 . 39 . 5170–5178 . September 2016 . 27065336 . 5720143 . 10.1038/onc.2016.49 .
10. Garcia-Areas R, Libreros S, Amat S, Keating P, Carrio R, Robinson P, Blieden C, Iragavarapu-Charyulu V . Semaphorin7A promotes tumor growth and exerts a pro-angiogenic effect in macrophages of mammary tumor-bearing mice . Frontiers in Physiology . 5 . 17 . 2014 . 24550834 . 3914020 . 10.3389/fphys.2014.00017 . free .
11. Allegra M, Zaragkoulias A, Vorgia E, Ioannou M, Litos G, Beug H, Mavrothalassitis G . Semaphorin-7a reverses the ERF-induced inhibition of EMT in Ras-dependent mouse mammary epithelial cells . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 23 . 19 . 3873–3881 . October 2012 . 22875994 . 3459863 . 10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0276 . Chernoff J .
12. Ringnér M, Fredlund E, Häkkinen J, Borg Å, Staaf J . GOBO: gene expression-based outcome for breast cancer online . PLOS ONE . 6 . 3 . e17911 . March 2011 . 21445301 . 3061871 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0017911 . 2011PLoSO...617911R . free . Creighton C .
13. Elder AM, Tamburini BA, Crump LS, Black SA, Wessells VM, Schedin PJ, Borges VF, Lyons TR . Semaphorin 7A Promotes Macrophage-Mediated Lymphatic Remodeling during Postpartum Mammary Gland Involution and in Breast Cancer . Cancer Research . 78 . 22 . 6473–6485 . November 2018 . 30254150 . 6239927 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-1642 .