SART1 explained

U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SART1 gene.^{[1] [2]} This gene encodes two proteins, the SART1(800) protein expressed in the nucleus of the majority of proliferating cells, and the SART1(259) protein expressed in the cytosol of epithelial cancers. The SART1(259) protein is translated by the mechanism of -1 frameshifting during posttranscriptional regulation. The two encoded proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of proliferation. Both proteins have tumor-rejection antigens. The SART1(259) protein possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients. This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atopy. The SART1(259) protein is found to be essential for the recruitment of the tri-snRNP to the pre-spliceosome in the spliceosome assembly pathway.^[2]

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Valenta R, Natter S, Seiberler S, etal . Molecular characterization of an autoallergen, Hom s 1, identified by serum IgE from atopic dermatitis patients. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 111 . 6 . 1178–83 . 1999 . 9856836 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00413.x . free .
• Kikuchi M, Nakao M, Inoue Y, etal . Identification of a SART-1-derived peptide capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. . Int. J. Cancer . 81 . 3 . 459–66 . 1999 . 10209962 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990505)81:3<459::AID-IJC21>3.0.CO;2-6 . 25853911 . free .
• Matsunaga K, Nakao M, Masuoka K, etal . Cytokines required for induction of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-class I-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a SART1-derived peptide. . Jpn. J. Cancer Res. . 90 . 9 . 1007–15 . 1999 . 10551332 . 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00849.x. 5926162 .
• Ishida H, Komiya S, Inoue Y, etal . Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigen in human osteosarcomas. . Int. J. Oncol. . 17 . 1 . 29–32 . 2000 . 10853014 . 10.3892/ijo.17.1.29.
• Shintaku I, Kawagoe N, Yutani S, etal . Expression of the SART1 tumor rejection antigen in renal cell carcinoma. . Urol. Res. . 28 . 3 . 178–84 . 2000 . 10929426 . 10.1007/s002400000103 . 12983860 .
• Tanaka S, Tsuda N, Kawano K, etal . Expression of tumor-rejection antigens in gynecologic cancers. . Jpn. J. Cancer Res. . 91 . 11 . 1177–84 . 2001 . 11092984 . 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00902.x. 5926290 .
• Sasatomi T, Yamana H, Shichijo S, etal . Expression of the SART1 tumor-rejection antigens in colorectal cancers. . Dis. Colon Rectum . 43 . 12 . 1754–8 . 2001 . 11156463 . 10.1007/BF02236863 . 32717023 .
• Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Lührmann R . The 65 and 110 kDa SR-related proteins of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP are essential for the assembly of mature spliceosomes. . EMBO J. . 20 . 10 . 2553–63 . 2001 . 11350945 . 10.1093/emboj/20.10.2553 . 125249 .
• Bolland DJ, Hewitt JE . Intron loss in the SART1 genes of Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis. . Gene . 271 . 1 . 43–9 . 2001 . 11410364 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00504-2 .
• Jurica MS, Licklider LJ, Gygi SR, etal . Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis. . RNA . 8 . 4 . 426–39 . 2002 . 11991638 . 10.1017/S1355838202021088 . 1370266 .
• Bell M, Schreiner S, Damianov A, etal . p110, a novel human U6 snRNP protein and U4/U6 snRNP recycling factor. . EMBO J. . 21 . 11 . 2724–35 . 2002 . 12032085 . 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2724 . 126028 .
• Wheatley AP, Bolland DJ, Hewitt JE, etal . Identification of the autoantigen SART-1 as a candidate gene for the development of atopy. . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 11 . 18 . 2143–6 . 2003 . 12189166 . 10.1093/hmg/11.18.2143 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Vertegaal AC, Ogg SC, Jaffray E, etal . A proteomic study of SUMO-2 target proteins. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 32 . 33791–8 . 2004 . 15175327 . 10.1074/jbc.M404201200 . free .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, etal . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 33 . 12130–5 . 2004 . 15302935 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . 514446 . 2004PNAS..10112130B . free .

Notes and References

1. Shichijo S, Nakao M, Imai Y, Takasu H, Kawamoto M, Niiya F, Yang D, Toh Y, Yamana H, Itoh K . A gene encoding antigenic peptides of human squamous cell carcinoma recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes . J Exp Med . 187 . 3 . 277–88 . Mar 1998 . 9449708 . 2212124 . 10.1084/jem.187.3.277 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: SART1 squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells.