S100A3 explained

S100 calcium-binding protein A3 (S100A3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein has the highest content of cysteines of all S100 proteins, has a high affinity for Zinc, and is highly expressed in human hair cuticle. The precise function of this protein is unknown.^[2]

Further reading

• Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW . The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology. . Trends Biochem. Sci. . 21 . 4 . 134–40 . 1996 . 8701470 . 10.1016/S0968-0004(96)80167-8.
• Föhr UG, Heizmann CW, Engelkamp D, etal . Purification and cation binding properties of the recombinant human S100 calcium-binding protein A3, an EF-hand motif protein with high affinity for zinc. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 36 . 21056–61 . 1995 . 7673133 . 10.1074/jbc.270.36.21056 . free .
• Schäfer BW, Wicki R, Engelkamp D, etal . Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. . Genomics . 25 . 3 . 638–43 . 1995 . 7759097 . 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80005-7 .
• Kizawa K, Uchiwa H, Murakami U . Highly-expressed S100A3, a calcium-binding protein, in human hair cuticle. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1312 . 2 . 94–8 . 1996 . 8672544 . 10.1016/0167-4889(96)00023-7 .
• Böni R, Burg G, Doguoglu A, etal . Immunohistochemical localization of the Ca2+ binding S100 proteins in normal human skin and melanocytic lesions. . Br. J. Dermatol. . 137 . 1 . 39–43 . 1997 . 9274623 . 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03698.x .
• Groves P, Finn BE, Kuźnicki J, Forsén S . A model for target protein binding to calcium-activated S100 dimers. . FEBS Lett. . 421 . 3 . 175–9 . 1998 . 9468301 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01535-4 . 7749285 .
• Ridinger K, Ilg EC, Niggli FK, etal . Clustered organization of S100 genes in human and mouse. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1448 . 2 . 254–63 . 1999 . 9920416 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(98)00137-2. free .
• Fritz G, Heizmann CW, Kroneck PM . Probing the structure of the human Ca2+- and Zn2+-binding protein S100A3: spectroscopic investigations of its transition metal ion complexes, and three-dimensional structural model. . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1448 . 2 . 264–76 . 1999 . 9920417 . 10.1016/S0167-4889(98)00138-4. free .
• Hoyaux D, Decaestecker C, Heizmann CW, etal . S100 proteins in Corpora amylacea from normal human brain. . Brain Res. . 867 . 1–2 . 280–8 . 2000 . 10837826 . 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02393-3 . 7614547 .
• Fritz G, Mittl PR, Vasak M, etal . The crystal structure of metal-free human EF-hand protein S100A3 at 1.7-A resolution . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 36 . 33092–8 . 2002 . 12045193 . 10.1074/jbc.M200574200 . free .
• Mittl PR, Fritz G, Sargent DF, etal . Metal-free MIRAS phasing: structure of apo-S100A3 . Acta Crystallogr. D . 58 . Pt 8 . 1255–61 . 2003 . 12136135 . 10.1107/S0907444902008430 .
• Kizawa K, Troxler H, Kleinert P, etal . Characterization of the cysteine-rich calcium-binding S100A3 protein from human hair cuticles . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 299 . 5 . 857–62 . 2003 . 12470658 . 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02744-4 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, etal . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1 . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . free .
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, etal . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry . Mol. Syst. Biol. . 3 . 1. 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 10.1038/msb4100134 . 1847948 .

Notes and References

1. Engelkamp D, Schafer BW, Mattei MG, Erne P, Heizmann CW . Six S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21: identification of two genes coding for the two previously unreported calcium-binding proteins S100D and S100E . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 90 . 14 . 6547–51 . Aug 1993 . 8341667 . 46969 . 10.1073/pnas.90.14.6547 . 1993PNAS...90.6547E . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: S100A3 S100 calcium binding protein A3.