Ruth Geyer Shaw Explained

Ruth G. Shaw[1]
Birth Date:1953
Nationality:American
Field:Evolutionary biology, Population genetics
Work Institutions:University of Minnesota
Alma Mater:Oberlin College, Duke University
Awards:Sewall Wright Award, 2017
Spouse:Frank H. Shaw[2] [3]

Ruth Geyer Shaw (born 1953)[1] is a professor and principal investigator in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior[4] at the University of Minnesota. She studies the processes involved in genetic variation, specializing in plant population biology and evolutionary quantitative genetics. Her work is particularly relevant in studying the effects of stressors such as climate instability and population fragmentation on evolutionary change in populations. She has developed and applied new statistical methods for her field and is considered a leading population geneticist.

Shaw has been active on a number of editorial boards, most recently as chief editor of the journal Evolution (2013–2017).[5] She has received several awards including the 2017 Sewall Wright Award from the American Society of Naturalists, given to a senior investigator who continues to make fundamental contributions to "the conceptual unification of the biological sciences".[6]

Early life

Shaw's parent were both chemists and she grew up in Pennsylvania.[7] Shaw has stated that they fostered her interested in the natural world by going on nature walks and consulting field guides to identify plants and birds.[7]

Education

Shaw received her B.A. in biology at Oberlin College. Her interest in the evolution of plants was sparked by a class in vertebrate anatomy taught by Warren Walker.[7] She received her Ph.D. in botany and genetics at Duke University in 1983,[8] working with Janis Antonovics.[9] [7] She then worked as a postdoc with Joseph Felsenstein at the University of Washington.[10]

Career

Shaw was an assistant professor at the University of California, Riverside from 1987 to 1992.[8] In 1993, she joined the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota where she now heads the Ruth G. Shaw Research Group.[11] Shaw was elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[12] in 2018 and into the National Academy of Sciences in 2021.[13]

Research

Shaw is an evolutionary biologist, who studies evolutionary change in nature. She is concerned with stressors such as climate change and population fragmentation and their effects on evolutionary change in populations.[11]

In early work with David N. Reznick, Frank H. Shaw and Helen Rodd, Ruth Shaw examined the effects of predator fish on the experimental evolution of subsequent guppy generations. They studied guppy populations over an 11-year period. They found that descendant guppies who were not directly affected by predation evolved in ways that resembled the life histories of guppies who had lived in predator-free communities. They also found that guppies could evolve extremely quickly, at a rate thousands of darwins faster than the rates of evolutionary changes observed in the fossil record.[14] [15]

In much of her work Shaw has focused on evolutionary processes in plant populations. She uses techniques from quantitative genetics and population biology as well as field experiments to study the evolution of plants such as Echinacea angustifolia. Through empirical studies, she examines evolutionary change in its ecological context.[16] By studying Echinacea angustifolia, she has demonstrated that inbreeding, which frequently affects fragmented populations, can influence key functional traits. Traits related to plant structure, physiology and elemental composition are important to individual fitness and ecological dynamics in populations.[17]

With Margaret Bryan Davis and others, Shaw has examined Paleoclimate change in North American forests, from the Quaternary period onwards. Pollen granules and other plant remains, found in lake sediment cores, can show changes in populations in an area over time.[18] [19] [20] In 2011, Davis, Shaw and Julie R. Etterson received the William Skinner Cooper Award from the Ecological Society of America for the paper "Evolutionary responses to changing climate".[21] In this paper, they synthesized ecological and evolutionary research about plant populations and the effects of rapid climate change, challenging the paradigm that evolutionary responses in the Quaternary period were slow and ineffective. The evidence they presented suggests that evolutionary adaptation does occur in plant populations subjected to the stress of rapid environmental change.

Shaw has also developed new statistical methods, such as aster modeling, with statistician Charles Geyer .[22] [9] [23] [24] Aster Modeling enables the analysis of life history data to obtain estimates of fitness and population growth rates.[25] The importance of Shaw's work on quantitative genetics and analysis of fitness was recognized in 2009 when the American Society of Naturalists gave its President's Award to the paper Unifying Life‐History Analyses for Inference of Fitness and Population Growth.[26] Shaw has also developed Quercus, a quantitative genetics software, that performs a maximum likelihood analysis of variance of quantitative genetic data.[27] [28]

Mentoring

Shaw advises graduate students in the departments of Applied Plant Sciences; Conservation Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; and Plant Biological Sciences at the University of Minnesota.[25] Her students have assessed the effect of climate change on adaptation potential of native plants, the evolutionary consequences of gene flow from cultivated plants to naturally occurring plant relatives, and the evolutionary change in introduced species.[28]

Awards

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Shaw, Ruth Geyer, 1953-. Library of Congress Authorities. 31 March 2017.
  2. Web site: Craft. Joellen. New Crop of Legacies Harvests Advice from Alumni at Orientation Luncheon. Oberlin News & Features. John Shaw (Frank ’76 and Ruth Geyer Shaw ’75). 1 April 2017.
  3. Web site: Just like My Mom, Dad. Oberlin Alumni Magazine. Clara Shaw (Clara Shaw (Dr. Frank H. Shaw ’76 and Dr. Ruth Geyer Shaw ’75). 1 April 2017.
  4. Franks. Steven J.. Avise. John C.. Bradshaw. William E.. Conner. Jeffrey K.. Etterson. Julie R.. Mazer. Susan J.. Shaw. Ruth G.. Weis. Arthur E.. The Resurrection Initiative: Storing Ancestral Genotypes to Capture Evolution in Action. BioScience. 2008. 58. 9. 870. 10.1641/B580913. free.
  5. Web site: Richard Lenski Updates. Society for the Study of Evolution. 31 March 2017.
  6. Web site: Sewall Wright Award: Ruth Shaw. American Society of Naturalists. February 24, 2017. March 31, 2017. April 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180405041433/http://www.amnat.org/announcements/ANNawards.html. dead.
  7. Web site: People behind the Science: Dr. Ruth Shaw. Stanton-Geddes. John. 2013-10-29. en-US. 2020-03-06.
  8. Web site: Ruth Geyer Shaw January, 2014. Ruth G. Shaw's Research Group. 1 April 2017.
  9. Web site: People behind the Science: Dr. Ruth Shaw. The Molecular Ecologist. 1 April 2017. 2013-10-29.
  10. Web site: People. Ruth G. Shaw’s Research Group. 31 March 2017. 2014-12-21.
  11. Web site: Ruth G. Shaw. University of Minnesota. 31 March 2017.
  12. Web site: Newly Elected Fellows . www.amacad.org.
  13. Web site: Ruth Shaw elected to National Academy of Sciences.
  14. Book: Sousa. Filomena de. Munévar. Gonzalo. Sex, reproduction and Darwinism. 2012. Pickering & Chatto. London. 9781848932654. 17. 1 April 2017.
  15. Reznick. D. N.. Evaluation of the Rate of Evolution in Natural Populations of Guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Science. 28 March 1997. 275. 5308. 1934–1937. 10.1126/science.275.5308.1934. 9072971. 18480502.
  16. Web site: Distinguished Ecologists 2016-17. Colorado State University. 1 April 2017.
  17. Kittelson. Pamela M.. Wagenius. Stuart. Nielsen. Reina. Qazi. Sanjive. Howe. Michael. Kiefer. Gretel. Shaw. Ruth G.. How functional traits, herbivory, and genetic diversity interact in : implications for fragmented populations. Ecology. July 2015. 96. 7. 1877–1886. 10.1890/14-1687.1. 26378310.
  18. Book: Levin. Simon A.. The Princeton guide to ecology. 2009. Princeton University Press. Princeton. 978-0691156040. 559–560, 565. 2nd paper. 1 April 2017.
  19. Davis. M. B.. Range Shifts and Adaptive Responses to Quaternary Climate Change. Science. 27 April 2001. 292. 5517. 673–679. 10.1126/science.292.5517.673. 11326089. 2001Sci...292..673D.
  20. Shaw. Ruth G.. Etterson. Julie R.. Rapid climate change and the rate of adaptation: insight from experimental quantitative genetics. New Phytologist. September 2012. 195. 4. 752–765. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04230.x. 22816320. 1 April 2017. free.
  21. Davis. Margaret B.. Shaw. Ruth G.. Etterson. Julie R.. Evolutionary responses to changing climate. Ecology. July 2005. 86. 7. 1704–1714. 10.1890/03-0788. 2005Ecol...86.1704D . 11299/178230. free.
  22. Book: Svensson. Erik I.. Calsbeek. Ryan. The adaptive landscape in evolutionary biology. 2012. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 978-0199595389. 130–131. 1st.
  23. Geyer. Charles J.. Wagenius . Stuart. Shaw . Ruth G.. Aster Models for Life History Analysis . Biometrika. 2007. 94. 2. 415–426. 20441381. 10.1093/biomet/asm030. 10.1.1.142.9158.
  24. Web site: Aster Models for Life History Analysis. www.stat.umn.edu. 2020-03-05.
  25. Web site: Ruth G. Shaw College of Biological Sciences. cbs.umn.edu. en. 2020-03-05.
  26. Shaw. Ruth G.. Geyer. Charles J.. Wagenius. Stuart. Hangelbroek. Helen H.. Etterson. Julie R.. Unifying Life‐History Analyses for Inference of Fitness and Population Growth. The American Naturalist. July 2008. 172. 1. E35–E47. 10.1086/588063. 18500940. 10.1.1.142.6756. 9666563.
  27. Web site: Quercus Quantitative Genetics Software College of Biological Sciences. cbs.umn.edu. 2020-03-06.
  28. Web site: Ruth G. Shaw College of Biological Sciences. cbs.umn.edu. en. 2020-03-06.
  29. Web site: Ruth G. Shaw .
  30. Web site: Award-Winning Faculty and Staff College of Biological Sciences. cbs.umn.edu. 2019-03-08.
  31. Web site: Ruth G. Shaw. American Academy of Arts & Sciences. en. 2020-03-06.
  32. Web site: EEB Graduate program news 2011 - 2012. College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota. 1 April 2017.
  33. W. S. Cooper Award. SocietyActions. Ecological Society of America. October 2011.
  34. Announcements. The American Naturalist. June 2009. 173. 6. ii. 10.1086/599385. 222329132.
  35. Web site: Awards. American Society of Naturalists. 31 March 2017.
  36. Web site: Scholars Walk. University of Minnesota. 1 April 2017.

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