| En Name: | Aniva |
| Ru Name: | Анива |
| Coordinates: | 46.7167°N 173°W |
| Map Label Position: | right |
| Image Coa: | Aniva COA (2011).gif |
| Federal Subject: | Sakhalin Oblast |
| Adm District Jur: | Anivsky District |
| Adm Ctr Of: | Anivsky District |
| Inhabloc Cat: | Town |
| Urban Okrug Jur: | Anivsky Urban Okrug |
| Mun Admctr Of: | Anivsky Urban Okrug |
| Leader Title: | Head |
| Leader Name: | Nikolay Petrov |
| Pop 2010Census: | 9115 |
| Established Date: | 1886 |
| Current Cat Date: | 1946 |
| Postal Codes: | 694030 |
| Dialing Codes: | 42441 |
| Dialing Codes Ref: | [1] |
| Website: | https://web.archive.org/web/20091017154429/http://www.aniva.marketcenter.ru/ |
Aniva (Russian: Ани́ва) is a coastal town and the administrative center of Anivsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the coast of Aniva Bay in southern Sakhalin Island on the Lyutoga River, 37km (23miles) south of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population:
It was founded in 1886[2] as the village of Lyutoga (Russian: Лютога). In 1905, it was ceded to Japan with the rest of the southern part of Sakhalin by the Treaty of Portsmouth and renamed by the Japanese. The village was recaptured by the Soviet Union in 1945; it was granted town status and renamed Aniva in 1946.
The origin of the name of the bay is most likely associated with the Ainu words “en” and “willow”. The first is usually translated as “existing, located”, and the second as “mountain range, rock, peak”; thus, “Aniva” can be translated as “having ridges” or “located among the ridges (mountains)”
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Aniva serves as the administrative center of Anivsky District and is subordinated to it.[3] As a municipal division, the town of Aniva and fifteen rural localities of Anivsky District are incorporated as Anivsky Urban Okrug.[4]
The town's economy relies mainly on fishing, particularly salmon.