Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast explained

Kherson Oblast
Native Name:Херсонская область
Settlement Type:Oblast of Russia
Flag Link:Flags used in Russian-controlled areas of Ukraine#Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast
Image Map1:Kherson military–civilian administration hatched.svg
Map Caption1:Kherson Oblast – with Snihurivka's environs and the outer Kinburn Peninsula attached – Russian territorial claim since 30 September 2022:
Subdivision Type:Occupied country
Subdivision Name:Ukraine
Subdivision Type1:Occupying power
Subdivision Name1:Russia
Subdivision Type2:Russian-installed occupation regime
Subdivision Name2:Kherson military-civilian administration (28 April[1] – 30 September 2022)
Subdivision Type3:Disputed oblast of Russia
Subdivision Name3:Kherson Oblast (2022–present)
Established Title:Battle of Kherson
Established Date:2 March 2022
Established Title1:Annexation by Russia
Established Date1:30 September 2022
Established Title2:Kherson counteroffensive (Liberation of Kherson)
Established Date2:10–11 November 2022
Seat Type:Administrative centre
Seat:Kherson (2 March 2022 – 9 November 2022; de jure since 9 November 2022)
Henichesk (de facto, 9 November – present)
Seat1 Type:Largest settlement
Seat1:Kherson (until 11 November 2022)
Nova Kakhovka (since 11 November 2022)
Leader Title:Governor
Leader Name:Vladimir Saldo (United Russia)[2]
Leader Title1:Prime Minister
Leader Name1:Andrey Alekseyenko (United Russia)

The ongoing military occupation of Ukraine's Kherson Oblast (Russian: Херсонская область|Khersonskaya oblast') by Russian forces began on 2March 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine as part of the southern Ukraine campaign. It was administrated under a Russian-controlled military-civilian administration until 30 September 2022, when it was illegally annexed to become an unrecognized federal subject of Russia.

Russia captured the city of Kherson on 2 March 2022. Kherson was the first major Ukrainian city to fall during the invasion, and the only regional capital that Russia managed to capture in the 2022 invasion, though the cities of Donetsk and Luhansk had been controlled by Russian-backed separatists since 2014. Most of the rest of Kherson Oblast fell to Russian forces in the early months of the invasion.[3]

Russia laid the groundwork for annexation in the following months by introducing the Russian ruble as official currency and forcibly removing the hryvnia from circulation.[4] After holding staged referendums in September 2022,[5] Russia declared that it had annexed Kherson Oblast on 30 September, including parts of the oblast that it did not control at the time and small occupied areas of neighboring Mykolaiv Oblast.[6] [7] The United Nations condemned the annexations as violating international law.

In October 2022, as Ukraine's 2022 Kherson counteroffensive approached the city of Kherson itself, the Russian administration's executive bodies evacuated from Kherson to the left bank of the Dnieper River.[8] They set up a new administrative centre in Henichesk, in the far south of the Kherson region.[9] Throughout early November 2022, Russian forces fully withdrew from all the areas of Kherson and Mykolaiv regions on the right bank of the Dnieper, including the city of Kherson proper.[10] [11] Ukrainian forces entered the city of Kherson on 11 November. According to Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov, the Kherson region remained a "subject of the Russian Federation" despite the withdrawal.

Background

During the 2014 occupation of Crimea, Russian forces also occupied a gas distribution centre at the town of Strilkove on the Arabat spit in Kherson Oblast, from 15 March.[12] [13] In December 2014, they left territories of Kherson, including the area of Strilkove, the, and the village of Chonhar.[14]

On 24 February 2022, Russian forces began an invasion of Ukraine.[15] Fighting began across the Kherson Oblast, resulting in multiple Russian victories.[16] [17] [18] [19] On 2 March, Russian forces captured the capital of the oblast, Kherson,[20] beginning a military occupation of the city and the oblast.[21]

History

Initial military occupation

See also: 2022 Chornobaivka attacks. Shortly after Kherson was captured, the Russian Ministry of Defence said talks between Russian forces and city administrators regarding the maintenance of order were underway. An agreement was reached in which the Ukrainian flag would still be hoisted in the city while Russia established the new administration. Mayor Ihor Kolykhaiev announced new conditions for the city's residents: citizens could only go outside during daytime and were forbidden to gather in groups. Additionally, cars were only allowed to enter the city to supply food and medicine; these vehicles were to drive at minimum speeds and were subject to searches. Citizens were warned not to provoke Russian soldiers and obey any commands given.[22]

In the first days of the invasion, Russian forces established control over and unblocked the North Crimean Canal, effectively rescinding a longstanding water blockage imposed on Crimea by Ukraine after the 2014 Russian annexation of the peninsula.[23]

On 5 March, Kolykhaiev said that there was no armed resistance in the city and Russian troops were "quite settled". He requested humanitarian aid, stating that the city lacked power, water, and medicine.[24] Later that day, around 2,000 protesters marched in the city center. The protesters waved Ukrainian flags, sang the national anthem, and chanted patriotic slogans. A video showed Russian soldiers firing into the air to dissuade the protestors. There were also claims that the Russian force had a list of Ukrainian activists in the city that they wanted to capture.[25] On 9 March, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces stated that Russia had detained more than 400 people in Kherson due to ongoing protests.[26]

On 12 March, Ukrainian officials claimed that Russia was planning to stage a referendum in Kherson to establish the Kherson People's Republic, similar to the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic., deputy leader of the Kherson Oblast Council, claimed that the Russian military had called all the members of the council and asked them to cooperate.[27] Lyudmyla Denisova, Ombudsman of Ukraine, stated that the referendum would be illegal because "under Ukrainian law any issues over territory can only be resolved by a nationwide referendum".[28] Later that day, the Kherson Oblast Council passed a resolution stating that the proposed referendum would be illegal.[29]

On 13 March, Ukrayinska Pravda, a Ukrainian newspaper, reported that several thousand people in Kherson took part in a protest.[30] Russian soldiers dispersed the protest with gunfire, stun grenades, and rubber bullets, injuring several people.[31] [32] On the same day, the Russian occupation issued new laws in Kakhovka, Nova Kakhovka and Tavriisk preventing residents from gathering in groups, photographing the Russian military, and possessing weapons.[33] The mayor of Skadovsk was briefly detained on 16 March.[34]

On 22 March, the Ukrainian government warned Kherson was facing a "humanitarian catastrophe" as the city was running out of food and medical supplies and accused Russia of blocking evacuation of civilians to Ukraine-controlled territory.[35] [36] Russia countered by saying that its military helped deliver aid to the city's population.[37] A local journalist stated that there was only a staged event, in which former prisoners from Crimea were brought in to act as locals welcoming the Russians and accepting their assistance.[38] According to several media outlets, residents report intrusive checkpoints, abductions, and Russian looting of shops.[39] [40]

Military-civilian administration

By the beginning of April, Russian flags began to be displayed in Kherson Oblast.[41] [42]

On 18 April, Igor Kastyukevich, a Russian politician and deputy of the 8th State Duma, was allegedly appointed by the Russian government as a de facto mayor for Russian forces on 2 March.[43] [44] Kastyukevich denied these reports.[45]

By 26 April, Russian troops took over Kherson City's administration headquarters and appointed a new mayor, former KGB agent Oleksandr Kobets, and a new civilian-military regional administrator, ex-mayor Vladimir Saldo.[46] The next day, Ukraine's Prosecutor General said that troops used tear gas and stun grenades to disperse a pro-Ukraine protest in the city centre.[47]

On 27 April, the Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia approved the expropriation of grain from the Kherson region. Agricultural machinery from the occupied Kherson region was also transported to remote Russian lands, including Chechnya.[48] Lyudmila Denisova, the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, likened the plan to repeating the Holodomor, a famine in Soviet Ukraine in 1932–1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians.[49] The plan was eventually put into action on 30 May, according to Russia. Russian officials were also working on exporting sunflower seeds.[50] According to locals, Russian soldiers were being employed as strawberry pickers in Kherson Oblast.[51]

On 27 April, the Ukrainian Air Force struck the Kherson TV Tower with a missile temporarily forcing Russian television off-air.[52]

In an indication of an intended split from Ukraine, on 28 April the new military-civilian administration announced that from May it would switch the region's currency to the Russian ruble. Additionally, citing unnamed reports that alleged discrimination against Russian speakers, its deputy head, Kirill Stremousov said that "reintegrating the Kherson region back into a Nazi Ukraine is out of the question".[53] On 29 April, Saldo stated that the official languages of the Kherson Oblast would be both Ukrainian and Russian and that the International Settlements Bank from South Ossetia would open 200 branches in Kherson Oblast soon.[54] On 1 May, a four-month plan was adopted for a full transition to rubles. At the same time, the Ukrainian hryvnia was to remain the current currency along with the ruble for four months.[55] On 7 May, a new coat of arms was adopted, based on the 1803 coat of arms of Kherson of the Russian Empire.[56] [57] [58]

On 9 May, an Immortal Regiment event took place in Kherson City, celebrating Victory Day. Soviet-era victory flags and red banners were flown.[59]

On 11 May 2022, Kirill Stremousov announced his readiness to send President Vladimir Putin a request for Kherson Oblast to directly join the Russian Federation without any referendum or creation of an independent "Kherson People's Republic" prior to joining.[60] Commenting on these statements, Putin's press secretary Dmitry Peskov said that this issue should be decided by the inhabitants of the region and that "these fateful decisions must have an absolutely clear legal background, legal justification, be absolutely legitimate, as was the case with Crimea".[61]

On 30 May 2022, the Russian-backed occupation authority in Kherson claimed that it had started exporting last year's grain from Kherson to Russia. They would also be working on exporting sunflower seeds.[62] By June, the occupiers were switching Ukrainian schools to their educational curriculum and Russian SIM cards were on the market. Kolykhaiev witnessed the occupiers distributing Russian passports. A cafe frequented by the occupiers was bombed on 7 June and at least four people were injured.[63]

On 6 June, it was reported by the Ukrainian mayor of Kherson, Ihor Kolykhaiev, that the occupiers had conducted a meeting of more than 70 Russian sympathizers aimed at conducting a referendum on the region integrating the occupied areas into Russia. His sources told him that the dates discussed were two: in September or at the end of 2022.[64] As a Russian election was going to take place on 11 September, the Kherson vote would be scheduled to coincide with that day.[65] An elected official in Russia named Igor Kastyukevich had discussed this plan on 7 June, following the visit to Kherson of Sergei Kiriyenko, the deputy chief of staff of the Russian presidential administration.[66] On 3 June, the EU stated that it would not recognize any Russian passports issued to Ukrainian citizens in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions.[67] On 11 June, according to local officials, the first Russian passports were handed out to citizens in Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Region, including local officials such as Vladimir Saldo.[68] [69]

On 24 June, Dmytro Savluchenko, who led the Directorate for Family, Youth, and Sports of the Russian occupation administration, was assassinated by the explosion of a car bomb.[70]

On 29 June, 2022, Stremousov said that "The Kherson region will decide to join the Russian Federation and become a full-fledged subject as one unified state." On the same visit, Kiriyenko spoke at the United Russia party's humanitarian aid center in Kherson: "The Kherson region's admission into Russia will be complete, similar to Crimea," recalling the 2014 Crimean status referendum.[71] That same day, the Ukrainian mayor of Kherson, Ihor Kolykhaiev, was detained by Russian security forces.[72]

On 5 July, Volodymyr Saldo announced that the former deputy head of government in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Sergei Yeliseyev, a graduate of the FSB Academy, was to assume the presidency of the oblast.[73] [74]

Annexation by Russia and Ukrainian recapture of Kherson City

On 10 July, Iryna Vereshchuk, the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine urged civilians in the Kherson region to evacuate ahead of a future Ukrainian counteroffensive.[75] On 27 July 2022 the surface of a section of the Antonivka Road Bridge was rendered unusable for heavy equipment,[76] by M142 HIMARS attacks.[77] The counteroffensive eventually was announced to have begun on 29 August 2022.[78] They regained territory and liberated villages in northern Kherson Oblast and southern Mykolaiv Oblast gradually throughout September.[79] [80] [81]

On 28 August 2022, the vice-president of the occupation administration (Kovalev) was found shot dead inside his own apartment in Zaliznyi Port.[82] His wife was stabbed in the same attack and she died later in the hospital.[83]

On 30 September 2022, Russia declared it was annexing four Ukrainian oblasts, including Kherson Oblast. The annexation was unrecognized by the international community, with the exception of North Korea and Syria.[84] The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling on countries not to recognise what it described as an "attempted illegal annexation" and demanded that Russia "immediately, completely and unconditionally withdraw."[85] [86]

However, in early October 2022, the Russian defensive lines in the northern parts of the oblast collapsed, leading to more Ukrainian progress. Ukrainian officials said about 1,200 km2 of territory had been recaptured since late August.[87] Deputy head of the Kherson Military-Civilian Administration Kirill Stremousov died in a car crash near Henichesk on 9 November 2022.[9] A few days later, on 12 November 2022, Ukrainian forces took back the city of Kherson.[88] Following the loss of Kherson in November 2022, the Russian occupation force moved its temporary administrative centre to Henichesk.[89] Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told reporters that the status of the Kherson region as a "subject of the Russian Federation" remained "unchanged" despite the withdrawal.[90]

After being reported missing by her husband Pavel Gubarev,[91] on 16 November 2022 Russian media reported that Ekaterina Gubareva, another deputy head of the administration, had been detained by the Russian police in relation to a corruption case involving embezzlement of public funds and suspended from her current position.[92] Pavel Gubarev later announced on 18 November that Gubareva had been released, without offering further details.[93]

Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

See main article: article and Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam.

In June 2023, the Kakhovka Dam, which was under the control of Russia, was breached, flooding vast swathes of land along the Dnipro river.[94] Many experts have concluded that Russian forces likely blew up a segment of the dam.[95] [96]

The consequences of the destruction of the dam are expected to become a long-term environmental disaster.[97] According to a regional official, the death toll due to flooding had reached 29 in Russian-occupied portions of the oblast as of June 17.[98] On 18 June, the United Nations condemned Russia for refusing to allow humanitarian access to the occupied flood-affected areas, with the UN humanitarian coordinator for Ukraine Denise Brown saying "We urge the Russian authorities to act in accordance with their obligations under international humanitarian law."[99] [100] Russian authorities said that their decision was motivated by unspecified "security concerns".[99]

Government

Composition

The governor and the prime minister are in charge of the administration, which includes:[101] [102]

!Name!Position
Vladimir SaldoGovernor
Vladimir BespalovDeputy Governor
Tatyana KuzmichVice Governor
Andrey AlekseyenkoPrime Minister
First Deputy Prime Minister for Finance and Economy
Sergey CherevkoDeputy Prime Minister for Social Policy

Administrative divisions

On 5 August 2022, the occupation administration switched to using the old pre-2020 reform divisions of Kherson Oblast established in the USSR, with 18 districts rather than the modern five.[103] [104] These are:[105] [106]

On 17 August, they added two urban districts around Kherson city and Nova Kakhovka. On 21 September, areas of occupied Mykolaiv Oblast were incorporated into the Kherson administration as two new municipal districts: Snigirevsky District – another former raion abolished in 2020 – and the new Aleksandrovsky District[109] [110] [111] centered in the village of Oleksandrivka in Mykolaiv Oblast.

Human rights

Censorship and internet restrictions

On 21 July 2022, it was reported that a then-recent Russian decree had extended Russian 2022 war censorship laws to the Kherson oblast, with deportation to Russia included as a punishment for infringement.[112]

A few weeks after taking over Kherson city, Russian soldiers seized the offices of local internet service providers and took control of the networks, rerouting data through Russian networks. Under the occupation regime, the social media sites Facebook, Instagram and Twitter were blocked, as well as Ukrainian and other news websites.[113]

Sexual violence

As the 2022 Kherson counteroffensive liberated much of northern Kherson Oblast, Ukrainian investigation teams uncovered "widespread evidence" of sexual abuse by Russian occupation forces against the population of the region.[114] By 3 November 2022, Ukrainian investigators had documented six alleged cases of sexual assault in newly liberated regions.[115]

Torture and abduction of civilians by Russian forces

See also: War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Dementiy Bilyi, head of the Kherson regional department of the Committee of Voters of Ukraine, claimed that the Russian security forces were "beating, torturing, and kidnapping" civilians in the Kherson Oblast of Ukraine. He added that eyewitnesses had described "dozens" of arbitrary searches and detentions, resulting in an unknown amount of abducted persons.[116] At least 400 residents had gone missing by 16 March, with the mayor and deputy mayor of the town of Skadovsk being allegedly abducted by armed men.[117] An allegedly leaked letter described Russian plans to unleash a "great terror" to suppress protests occurring in Kherson, stating that people would "have to be taken from their homes in the middle of the night".[118]

Ukrainians who escaped from occupied Kherson into Ukrainian-controlled territory provided testimonies of torture, abuse and kidnapping by Russian forces in the region. One person, from Bilozerka in Kherson Oblast, provided physical evidence of being tortured by Russians and described beatings, electrocutions, mock executions, strangulations, threats to kill family members and other forms of torture.[119]

An investigation by BBC News gathered evidence of torture, which in addition to beatings also included electrocution and burns on people's hands and feet. A doctor who treated victims of torture in the region reported: "Some of the worst were burn marks on genitals, a gunshot wound to the head of a girl who was raped and burns from an iron on a patient's back and stomach. A patient told me two wires from a car battery were attached to his groin and he was told to stand on a wet rag". In addition to the BBC, Human Rights Watch and the United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine have reported on torture and disappearances carried out by Russian occupation forces in the region. One resident stated: "In Kherson, now people go missing all the time (...) there is a war going on, only this part is without bombs."[120]

Kherson's elected Ukrainian mayor compiled a list of more than 300 people who had been kidnapped by Russian forces as of 15 May 2022. According to The Times, in the building housing the Russian occupation authorities, the screams of the tortured can be frequently heard throughout the corridors.

According to The Washington Post, by 15 April 824 graves had been dug at Kherson's cemetery.[121]

On 22 July 2022, Human Rights Watch reported that Russian forces had tortured, unlawfully detained, and forcibly disappeared civilians in the occupied areas of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions. The purpose of the abuse seemed to be to obtain information and to instil fear so that people would accept the occupation, as Russia seeks to assert sovereignty over occupied territory in violation of international law.[122]

Resistance to occupation

Protests

See main article: 2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine. On 5 March, residents of Kherson went to a rally with Ukrainian flags and chanted that the city is still Ukrainian and will never be Russian, despite Russian occupation. The Russian military opened warning fire against the protesters. At the same time, the National Police of Ukraine published a video where a Kherson police officer, holding a Ukrainian flag in his hands, jumped onto a Russian armored personnel carrier that was driving past the rally, and local residents supported his action with shouts and applause.[123]

On 7 March, the Kherson Regional Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, on the basis of Part 2 of Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (violation of the laws and customs of war, associated with premeditated murder), opened a criminal case into the death of several protesters in Nova Kakhovka. According to the investigation, during a rally on 6 March, the Russian military opened fire on protesters indiscriminately "despite the fact that people were unarmed and did not pose any threat," resulting in at least one death and seven injuries.[124]

On 20 March, protesters in Kherson confronted several Russian military vehicles and told them to "go home".[125] New rallies against the occupation happened on 11 and 27 April, both of which were violently dispersed by Russian occupation forces and separatist militias, killing four people in the process.[126] The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars reports that medical workers in Kherson refused to go to work, in order to boycott Russian occupation forces and not treat their injured.[127]

Violent partisan resistance

See main article: Ukrainian resistance during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to, the activities of the Russian-installed Salvation Committee for Peace and Order encounter constant resistance among the population, and a number of its members were killed by Chief Directorate of Intelligence (GUR) or Ukrainian partisans.[128] Newsweek also reports that two local high-profile pro-Russian figures were shot dead in Kherson by the Ukrainian resistance.[129]

Guided by contacts in Ukrainian security services, many ordinary citizens in Kherson City formed "a grass-roots resistance movement", becoming anti-occupation partisans.[130] They secretly took videos of Russian forces and sent them to the Ukrainian army along with corresponding coordinates, circulated weaponry throughout the city, and even killed Russian soldiers at night, creating an atmosphere of "fear and paranoia" among the occupation forces.[130]

On 20 April, regional media from Odesa reported that pro-Russian blogger Valery Kuleshov had been killed by Ukrainian partisans in Kherson.[131]

On 6 August, deputy head of the Russian administration in Nova Kakhovka, Vitaly Gura, was shot dead in his home.[132] In September 2022, information emerged that Gura's assassination had been faked by the FSB.[133]

People's Deputy of Ukraine Oleksii Kovalov, who had been accused by Ukrainian authorities of collaborating with Russian forces since early July by taking the position of deputy head of the Russian-installed Kherson Oblast government, was shot dead in his own home on 29 August.[134] [135]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Russian-Occupied Kherson Names New Leadership Amid Pro-Ukraine Protests, Rocket Attacks – the Moscow Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20220507094229/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/28/russian-occupied-kherson-names-new-leadership-amid-pro-ukraine-protests-rocket-attacks-a77519 . 7 May 2022 . 28 April 2022 .
  2. Web site: Биография Владимира Сальдо . ТАСС . 17 June 2023.
  3. News: Lukov . Yaroslav . 2022-08-30 . Kherson: 'Heavy fighting' as Ukraine seeks to retake Russian-held region . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-08-30.
  4. News: Ogawa . Tomoyo . 24 May 2022 . 'Time running out' to save Kherson from becoming Russian . en-GB . . 2023-07-11.
  5. News: 16 July 2022 . Ukraine's occupied Zaporizhzhia eyes Russia 'referendum' in autumn . Firstpost . 14 July 2022.
  6. Web site: Ukraine war latest: Putin declares four areas of Ukraine as Russian . 30 September 2022 .
  7. News: 21 September 2022 . Russian-held parts of Ukraine's Mykolaiv region to be incorporated in Russian-held Kherson . Reuters . live . registration . 21 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924222209/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-held-parts-ukraines-mykolaiv-region-be-incorporated-russian-held-kherson-2022-09-21/ . 24 September 2022.
  8. Web site: Voropaeva . Evgenia . 19 October 2022 . Власти Херсона переедут на левый берег Днепра . 2022-10-19 . РБК . ru.
  9. Web site: Filipyonok . Artem . 9 November 2022 . Погиб замглавы Херсонской области Кирилл Стремоусов . 2022-11-09 . РБК . ru.
  10. Web site: Taylor . Harry . Belam . Martin . Lock . Samantha . 2022-11-10 . Russia-Ukraine war live: Kyiv sceptical of Moscow's retreat from Kherson; US general estimates 100,000 Russian military casualties . 2022-11-10 . the Guardian . en.
  11. Web site: Ukraine liberates all of Mykolaiv Oblast, Zelenskyy admin considers slashing ministries . 11 November 2022 .
  12. Web site: 2014-03-15 . На Херсонщині висадився російський десант – ЗМІ . 2023-06-27 . Ukrainska Pravda . uk.
  13. Web site: 2014-10-03 . Стрелковое. За 30 метров от российских войск . 2023-06-27 . Kherson Online . ru-UK.
  14. Web site: 2014-12-10 . Російські війська залишають Херсонську область . 2023-06-27 . BBC News Ukraine . uk.
  15. News: 24 February 2022 . Putin announces formal start of Russia's invasion in eastern Ukraine . . live . 24 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220224033732/https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/02/24/putin-announces-start-of-military-operation-in-eastern-ukraine . 24 February 2022.
  16. Web site: Nova Kakhovka has fallen to Russia: Ukraine media. The Business standard. 27 February 2022. Its mayor Volodymyr Kovalenko has reportedly said that Russian troops have seized the city's executive committee and removed all Ukrainian flags from buildings. 28 February 2022. 27 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220227070903/https://www.tbsnews.net/world/nova-kakhovka-has-fallen-russia-ukraine-media-377014. live.
  17. News: Part of Kherson region territory occupied by aggressor – Regional Administration . 25 February 2022 . . . 24 February 2022 . 24 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220224212816/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/801461.html . live .
  18. News: Lister . Tim . Voinovich . Olya . February 27, 2022 . Mayor of southern Ukrainian town says Russians have taken control . CNN News . dead . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220227211617/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-27-22/index.html . 27 February 2022.
  19. Web site: "Мелитополь не сдался, Мелитополь – временно оккупирован" – городской голова о ситуации на 1 марта . 1 March 2022 . 2 March 2022 . Marina. Korobova . Mestnyye Vesti . Russian . 2 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220302054418/https://www.mv.org.ua/news/264014-melitopol_ne_sdalsja_melitopol_-_vremenno_okkupirovan_-_gorodskoi_golova_o_situacii_na_1_marta.html . live.
  20. News: Schwirtz . Michael . Pérez-Peña . Richard . 2 March 2022 . First Ukraine City Falls as Russia Strikes More Civilian Targets . en-US . The New York Times . 3 March 2022 . 0362-4331 . 3 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220303000108/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/world/europe/kherson-ukraine-russia.html . live .
  21. News: 11 May 2022 . Kherson: How is Russia imposing its rule in occupied Ukraine? . en-GB . BBC News . 12 May 2022.
  22. News: 3 March 2022 . Russian claims it has seized Kherson as city's mayor agrees to curfew . 3 March 2022 . The Independent . James . Liam . en . 3 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220303125420/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-kherson-take-fall-b2027325.html . live .
  23. News: Schwirtz. Michael. Schmitt. Eric. MacFarquhar. Neil. 25 February 2022. Russia Batters Ukraine With Artillery Strikes as West Condemns Invasion. en-US. The New York Times. 25 February 2022. 0362-4331. 25 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220225062949/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/world/russia-ukraine-invasion-putin-biden.html. live.
  24. News: Kherson has no more armed resistance against Russia forces, mayor tells CNN. 5 March 2022. 5 March 2022. 5 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220305170252/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-05-22/h_b2041ef371d34bf604cf9cddea236bde. live.
  25. News: Deaton . Jennifer . 5 March 2022 . War in Ukraine: Thousands march in Kherson against occupiers . BBC . live . 5 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220306021808/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60632587 . 6 March 2022.
  26. News: Shelling continues to hamper civilian flight as Kremlin decries U.S. oil sanctions. Ynet. 9 March 2022. 9 March 2022. 10 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220310014903/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rjj5omlbc. live.
  27. Web site: McFadden . Brendan . 12 March 2022 . Russia plotting sham referendum to create 'Kherson People's Republic', says Ukrainian official . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313040420/https://inews.co.uk/news/russia-declare-occupied-territory-kherson-peoples-republic-sham-referendum-ukrainian-official-1513759 . 13 March 2022 . 23 March 2022 . inews.co.uk . en.
  28. Web site: Ukraine says Russia plotting to create a pro-Moscow 'people's republic' in Kherson . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313061221/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-says-russia-plotting-to-create-a-pro-moscow-peoples-republic-in-kherson/ . 13 March 2022 . 23 March 2022 . www.timesofisrael.com . en-US.
  29. Web site: Wolff . Stefan . Malyarenko . Tatyana . 14 March 2022 . Ukraine: how Putin could try to split the country into regional puppet governments . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220321163900/https://theconversation.com/ukraine-how-putin-could-try-to-split-the-country-into-regional-puppet-governments-179214 . 21 March 2022 . 20 March 2022 . The Conversation.
  30. Web site: Balachuk . Iryna . 13 March 2022 . У Херсоні тисячі людей вийшли на мітинг проти окупанта, росіяни відкрили вогонь . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313195501/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/13/7330971/ . 13 March 2022 . 2023-04-01 . Українська правда . uk.
  31. News: Russian soldiers fire on Kherson protesters . en-GB . BBC News . 23 March 2022 . 23 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220323154456/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60827106 . live .
  32. Web site: Ukraine says Russian forces violently disperse Kherson protest . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220323123857/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/21/ukraine-says-russia-shoot-at-protesters-in-occupied-kherson . 23 March 2022 . 23 March 2022 . Al Jazeera . en.
  33. News: 2022-03-13 . Окупанти викрали мера міста Дніпрорудного . Olga Okhrimenko . Fakty i Kommentarii . 2022-03-13 . uk . 13 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313100106/https://ukrainenews.fakty.ua/398200-okkupanty-pohitili-mera-goroda-dneprorudnogo . live.
  34. News: Mayor of Skadovsk says occupiers talked to him and released him . Interfax-Ukraine . 16 March 2022 . 16 March 2022 . 17 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220317150402/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/814303.html . live.
  35. News: Zinets . Natalia . Prentice . Alessandra . 22 March 2022 . Ukraine says 300,000 people are running out of food in occupied Kherson . en . Reuters . Heritage . Timothy . live . registration . 23 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322204553/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-says-300000-people-are-running-out-food-occupied-kherson-2022-03-22/ . 22 March 2022.
  36. Web site: 31 March 2022 . Medicine shortages and Russian army searches: life in occupied Kherson . 7 April 2022 . France 24 . en.
  37. News: 23 March 2022 . Ukraine: UN chief calls on Russia to end 'unwinnable' war — as it happened DW 22 March 2022 . Deutsche Welle . 23 March 2022.
  38. News: 23 March 2022 . Kherson Diary: A first-hand account documenting three weeks of life in a Russian-occupied Ukrainian city. . The Milwaukee Independent . 23 March 2022.
  39. News: Peterson . Scott . Naselenko . Oleksandr . 6 April 2022 . Tear gas, arrogance, and resistance: Life in Russia-occupied Kherson . Christian Science Monitor . 7 April 2022 . 0882-7729.
  40. Web site: Snapshot of daily life in occupied Kherson – DW – 04/02/2022 . 2023-04-01 . dw.com . en.
  41. News: Bowman . Verity . 11 April 2022 . 'Intimidating' Russian soldiers tear down Ukraine flag in occupied Kherson . The Telegraph . 0307-1235 . 9 May 2022.
  42. Web site: Херсонщина: в Олешках на будівлі адміністрації окупанти вивісили російський прапор . 9 May 2022 . www.radiosvoboda.org.
  43. Web site: Окупанти призначили нового "мера" Херсона (фото). UA News. 24 April 2022. 18 April 2022. uk. 18 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220418123417/https://ua.news/ru/okupanty-pryznachyly-novogo-mera-hersona-foto/. dead.
  44. Web site: В Херсоні росіяни призначили окупаційного "голову". 18 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220421050301/https://censor.net/ua/news/3334969/v_hersoni_rosiyany_pryznachyly_okupatsiyinogo_golovu_deputata_derjdumy_rf_kastyukevycha. 21 April 2022. uk.
  45. Web site: Игорь Кастюкевич опроверг слухи о его назначении на должность главы Херсона . 24 April 2022 . ИА REGNUM . ru.
  46. Web site: Times . The Moscow . 28 April 2022 . Russian-Occupied Kherson Names New Leadership Amid Pro-Ukraine Protests, Rocket Attacks . 28 April 2022 . The Moscow Times . en.
  47. News: Prentice . Alessandra . Zinets . Natalia . 27 April 2022 . Russian forces disperse pro-Ukraine rally, tighten control in occupied Kherson . en . Reuters . 27 April 2022.
  48. Web site: Looting Officially: Russia intends to steal grain and other products from occupied Ukraine . 29 April 2022 . news.yahoo.com . 27 April 2022 . en-US.
  49. Web site: Russia can cause famine in Ukraine and the world again . 29 April 2022 . Національний музей Голодомору-геноциду . en.
  50. News: Vasilyeva . Nataliya . 30 May 2022 . Russian-controlled Kherson region in Ukraine starts grain exports to Russia – TASS . Reuters . 30 May 2022.
  51. News: 2 June 2022 . Russian soldiers seek jobs in Kherson Oblast . Yahoo.com . 2 June 2022.
  52. Web site: Live Updates | Explosions in Ukrainian city of Kherson . . . 28 April 2022 . 27 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220427133957/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/live-updates-russia-cuts-gas-063722471.html . dead .
  53. News: Vasilyeva . Nataliya . 28 April 2022 . Occupied Kherson will switch to Russian currency, puppet government says . en-GB . The Telegraph . 28 April 2022 . 0307-1235.
  54. Web site: Назначенный РФ "руководитель" Херсонской области заявил об открытии в регионе банка, который работает в "ЛДНР" . 30 April 2022 . strana.news . ru.
  55. Web site: Evans . Brian . April 28, 2022 . The Kremlin orders a Russian-occupied city in Ukraine to start using rubles, state media says . 9 May 2022 . Markets Insider . en-US.
  56. Web site: en-US. Invaders want to make residents of Kherson Oblast take Russian citizenship. news.yahoo.com. 7 May 2022 . 9 May 2022.
  57. Web site: Lezhepekova . Anastasia . May 7, 2022 . Херсонская область вернет герб времен Российской империи – Газета.Ru Новости . 9 May 2022 . Газета.Ru . ru.
  58. Web site: ru. Герб Херсона. Heraldicum. 10 May 2022.
  59. Web site: Petrenko . Roman . 9 May 2022 . Russians hold parades with Soviet flags in occupied Ukrainian cities . 9 May 2022.
  60. Web site: Оккупационные власти Херсона заявили о плане включить регион в состав России . 11 May 2022 . Радио Свобода . ru.
  61. Web site: Orru . Mauro . 11 May 2022 . Ukraine's Occupied Kherson Seeks to Join Russia, Moscow-Installed Leader Says . 11 May 2022 . Wall Street Journal . en.
  62. News: Vasilyeva . Nataliya . 30 May 2022 . Russian-controlled Kherson region in Ukraine starts grain exports to Russia – TASS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531175407/https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/pro-moscow-kherson-region-starts-grain-exports-russia-tass-2022-05-30/ . 31 May 2022 . 30 May 2022 . Reuters.
  63. News: Aleksandrov . Aleksei . 11 June 2022 . Russia Moving Forward With 'Referendum' Plans in Occupied Southern Ukraine, Says Kherson Mayor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220710212626/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-kherson-referendum-russian-occupation-kolykhayev/31893913.html . 10 July 2022 . 8 July 2022 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  64. News: Aleksandrov . Aleksei . 11 June 2022 . Russia Moving Forward With 'Referendum' Plans in Occupied Southern Ukraine, Says Kherson Mayor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220710212626/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-kherson-referendum-russian-occupation-kolykhayev/31893913.html . 10 July 2022 . 8 July 2022 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  65. News: 29 June 2022 . Occupied Kherson Readying for Vote to Join Russia, Official Claims . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220708194937/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/06/29/occupied-kherson-readying-for-vote-to-join-russia-officials-claim-a78139 . 8 July 2022 . 8 July 2022 . The Moscow Times.
  66. News: 7 June 2022 . Kherson region to prepare for referendum on joining Russia – Head of Oblast Military Administration . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220708213754/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/06/7/7351144/ . 8 July 2022 . 8 July 2022 . "UP Media Plus" LLC . Ukrainska Pravda.
  67. News: 3 June 2022 . Ukraine: Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on attempts of the Russian Federation to forcefully integrate parts of Ukrainian territory . 4 June 2022.
  68. Web site: First Russian passports issued in occupied areas of Ukraine . 11 June 2022 . BBC . 11 June 2022 . en.
  69. Web site: Schreck . Carl . Baranyuk . Yury . June 12, 2022 . Meditation Drums And Caribbean Kidnappings: Meet Russia's 'Governor' In Ukraine's Kherson . 13 June 2022 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . en.
  70. News: 24 June 2022 . Moscow-Imposed Official In Russian-Occupied Ukrainian City Killed By Car Bomb . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220714135159/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-kherson-official-killed-car-bomb/31913329.html . 14 July 2022 . 17 July 2022 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  71. News: Abbasova . Vusala . 10 June 2022 . Kremlin Reveals Plans to Hold Referendum on Joining Russia in Kherson . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220708213259/https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/kremlin-reveals-plans-to-hold-referendum-on-joining-russia-in-kherson-2022-6-9-58/ . 8 July 2022 . 8 July 2022 . Caspian News.
  72. News: 29 June 2022 . Russia security forces detain mayor of Ukrainian city of Kherson –officials . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709153602/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-security-forces-detain-mayor-ukrainian-city-kherson-officials-2022-06-28/ . 9 July 2022 . 6 July 2022 . Reuters.
  73. News: 5 July 2022 . FSB Official Takes Over Moscow-Occupied Kherson Region . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101735/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/07/05/fsb-official-takes-over-moscow-occupied-kherson-region-a78208 . 6 July 2022 . 6 July 2022 . The Moscow Times . AFP.
  74. News: 5 July 2022 . Ukraine : un ancien du FSB à la tête du gouvernement de la région occupée de Kherson . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706101743/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/ukraine-un-ancien-du-fsb-a-la-tete-du-gouvernement-de-la-region-occupee-de-kherson-20220705 . 6 July 2022 . 6 July 2022 . Le Figaro . AFP.
  75. News: Civilians in Kherson urged to evacuate. The Guardian. 10 July 2022.
  76. Web site: Video from Antonivka Road Bridge in Kherson shows extensive damage . 2023-04-01 . news.yahoo.com . 27 July 2022 . en-US.
  77. Web site: Ortiz . Jorge L. . Bacon . John . 27 July 2022 . Ukraine warns Kremlin to 'retreat or be annihilated' in Kherson; US pushing deal to free Griner: July 27 recap . 2022-09-07 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  78. News: Ukraine launches counteroffensive to retake Russian-occupied Kherson. 2023-04-25.
  79. Web site: Ibrahim . Arwa . Gadzo . Mersiha . 4 September 2022 . Zelenskyy claims Ukraine forces gain territory in east, south . 2023-04-01 . Al Jazeera . en.
  80. Web site: Institute for the Study of War . 2022-09-05 . Institute for the Study of War . en.
  81. Web site: Sumner . Mark . September 7, 2022 . Ukraine update: Russian 'hard points' are falling in Kherson, Kharkiv, and near Izyum . 2022-09-07 . Daily Kos.
  82. News: 30 August 2022 . Top Pro-Russian Official Shot Dead in Ukraine's Kherson . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220830152340/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/08/30/top-pro-russian-official-shot-dead-in-ukraines-kherson-a78677 . 30 August 2022 . 30 August 2022 . The Moscow Times . AFP.
  83. News: 6 September 2022 . Another Russia-Imposed Official Attacked In Occupied Area Of Ukraine . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  84. News: 27 September 2022 . So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine 'cannot be regarded as legal': UN political affairs chief . UN News . live . 29 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928072533/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1128161 . 28 September 2022.
  85. Web site: 12 October 2022 . Ukraine: UN General Assembly demands Russia reverse course on 'attempted illegal annexation' .
  86. Web site: United Nations A/RES/68/262 General Assembly. 1 April 2014. United Nations. 24 April 2014. 2 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220402130517/https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/a_res_68_262.pdf. live.
  87. News: Hunder . Max . 2022-10-09 . Ukraine says it recaptured 1,200 sq km of Kherson region in ongoing counteroffensive . en . Reuters . Kasolowsky . Raissa . live . registration . 2022-11-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221013004913/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-says-it-recaptured-1200-sq-km-kherson-region-ongoing-counteroffensive-2022-10-09/ . 13 October 2022.
  88. Web site: Gatinskiy . Andrey . 11 November 2022 . Зеленский объявил о входе украинского спецназа в Херсон . 2022-11-12 . РБК . ru.
  89. Web site: November 12, 2022 . Occupation 'government' of Kherson region announces temporary relocation of regional capital to Henichesk . November 12, 2022 . Novaya Gazeta Europe.
  90. News: 2022-11-11 . Kremlin says Kherson's status as 'part of Russia' unchanged despite retreat . en . Reuters . 2022-11-12.
  91. Web site: Roscoe . Matthew . 2022-11-16 . BREAKING: Kherson Region deputy head Ekaterina Gubareva reportedly missing . 2022-11-16 . Euro Weekly News . en-GB.
  92. Web site: Poryvaeva . Lyubov . Serkov . Dmitry . Plamenev . Ilya . 16 November 2022 . Замглавы Херсонской области Губареву задержали по уголовному делу . 2022-11-16 . РБК . ru.
  93. News: Balachuk . Iryna . 18 November 2022 . Husband of collaborator Gubareva says that she is already free . en . 2023-06-19.
  94. News: Ukraine dam: What we know about Nova Kakhovka incident. BBC. 12 June 2023. 8 June 2023.
  95. News: Glanz . James . James Glanz . Santora . Marc . Pérez-Peña . Richard . Richard Pérez-Peña . 6 June 2023 . Internal Blast Probably Breached Ukraine Dam, Experts Say (Cautiously) . en-US . . live . 2023-06-07 . https://archive.today/20230607145020/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/06/world/europe/ukraine-kakhovka-dam-russia.html . 7 June 2023 . 0362-4331.
  96. News: An Inside Job . The New York Times . 16 June 2023 . Glanz . James . Santora . Marc . Robles . Pablo . Willis . Haley . Leatherby . Lauren . Koettl . Christoph . Khavin . Dmitriy .
  97. News: Ukraine's dam collapse is both a fast-moving disaster and a slow-moving ecological catastrophe . 11 June 2023 .
  98. News: Patta . Debora . Berriman . Steve . Reals . Tucker . 2023-06-17 . Ukraine calls for international rescue of civilians as dam attack in Russia-occupied Kherson floods region – CBS News . en-US . 2023-06-19.
  99. News: Ukraine updates: Russia blocking Kherson flood aid, UN says – DW – 06/19/2023 . en . 2023-06-19.
  100. News: 19 June 2023 . Russia refuses to allow UN to deliver humanitarian aid to occupied areas of Kherson region following Kakhovka dam destruction . 2023-06-19.
  101. Web site: Структура администрации . 2022-08-06 . Официальный сайт Администрации Херсонской области. 17 June 2022 .
  102. Web site: 2023-03-02 . Структура Правительства Херсонской области . 2023-06-17 . khogov.ru . ru-RU.
  103. Web site: 5 August 2022 . ru:В Херсонской области отменили введенное Киевом в 2020 году территориальное деление . In Kherson oblast, the territorial division introduced by Kiev in 2020 was cancelled . https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/15406807 . 5 August 2024 . . ru .
  104. Web site: 5 August 2022 . ru:Херсонская область вернулась к дореформенному делению на 18 районов . Kherson Oblast returned to the pre-reform division of 18 districts . https://www.interfax.ru/world/855480 . 5 August 2024 . . ru .
  105. Web site: 17 August 2022 . ru:В Херсонской области создали два городских административных округа . In Kherson oblast two urban administrative districts were created . https://www.interfax.ru/world/857020 . 25 April 2023 . . ru .
  106. Web site: 16 June 2022 . ru:Информация о Херсонской области . Information about Kherson oblast . https://khogov.ru/oblast/ . 12 June 2023 . khogov.ru . ru .
  107. Web site: 21 September 2022 . ru:Снигиревский и Александровский округа включили в состав Херсонской области . Snigirevsky and Aleksandrovsky districts were included into Kherson Oblast . https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/15819397 . 5 August 2024 . . ru .
  108. Web site: 14 February 2023 . uk:Александровский муниципальный округ Херсонской области . Aleksandrovsky municipal district of Kherson oblast . https://khogov.ru/aleksandrovski-municipalni-okrug/ . 25 April 2023 . khogov.ru . ru .
  109. Web site: 21 September 2022 . ru:Два округа Николаевской области включены в состав Херсонской . Two districts of Nikolaev oblast are included in Khersonskoy . https://lentv24.ru/dva-okruga-nikolaevskoi-oblasti-vklyuceny-v-sostav-xersonskoi.htm . 25 April 2023 . LenTV24 . ru .
  110. Web site: 16 June 2022 . ru:Херсонская область . Kherson oblast . https://khogov.ru/oblast/ . 25 April 2023 . khogov.ru . ru .
  111. Web site: 3 October 2022 . ru:Херсонская область войдет в состав РФ с двумя округами Николаевской области . Kherson oblast will become part of the Russian Federation with two districts of Nikolaev oblast . https://www.interfax.ru/world/866005 . 5 August 2024 . . ru .
  112. News: Psaropoulos . John . 21 July 2022 . Russia resumes eastern Ukraine offensive and expands war aims . Al Jazeera .
  113. News: Satariano . Adam . Reinhard . Scott . 2022-08-09 . How Russia Took Over Ukraine's Internet in Occupied Territories . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-07-11 . 0362-4331.
  114. News: Gall . Carlotta . Boushnak . Laura . 2023-01-05 . 'Fear Still Remains': Ukraine Finds Sexual Crimes Where Russian Troops Ruled . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-07-11 . 0362-4331.
  115. News: Krever . Mick . Ward . Clarissa . McWhinnie . Scott . 2022-11-03 . In newly liberated villages, Ukrainian investigators uncover horrific claims of Russian sexual violence . en . 2023-07-11.
  116. Web site: Russian military abducts, tortures people in Kherson region . 5 April 2022 . www.ukrinform.net. 4 April 2022 .
  117. Web site: Yankovskiy . Oleksandr . Mykhaylov . Volodymyr . Tokar . Yevhenia . March 16, 2022 . In A Ukrainian Region Occupied By Russian Forces, People Are Disappearing. Locals Fear It's About To Get Worse. . 5 April 2022 . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  118. News: Tucker . Maxim . Ball . Tom . Russia plans kidnapping and violence in 'great terror' to end Kherson protests . . live . subscription . 5 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322185514/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/russia-plans-kidnapping-and-violence-in-great-terror-to-end-kherson-protests-lf32jb99k . 22 March 2022 . 0140-0460.
  119. Web site: Varandani . Suman . 1 June 2022 . 'I Would Not Have Kidneys Left': Ukrainian Village Deputy Speaks About Russian Torture, Threat . International Business Times.
  120. News: Davies . Caroline . 31 May 2022 . Ukraine war: Stories of torture emerging out of Kherson . en-GB . BBC News .
  121. News: Satellite imagery reveals fresh graves in Russian-occupied Kherson . .
  122. Web site: Ukraine: Torture, Disappearances in Occupied South. 22 July 2022. Human Rights Watch. 22 July 2022 .
  123. Web site: Martynko . Christina . 5 March 2022 . Жители Херсона протестуют под обстрелами российских оккупантов: Мы не боимся! Херсон – это Украина! . Residents of Kherson protest under fire from Russian invaders: We are not afraid! Kherson is Ukraine! . . ru.
  124. Web site: Boyko . Ivan . 7 March 2022 . Во время митинга в Новой Каховке оккупанты убили одного человека, а семь – ранили . During a rally in Nova Kakhovka, the invaders killed one person and wounded seven . . ru.
  125. Web site: 21 March 2022 . Ukraine war: Kherson residents tell Russian forces to 'go home' as they confront military vehicles . . en.
  126. Web site: 27 April 2022 . Russians disperse a rally for Ukraine in Kherson – there are four victims . . en.
  127. Web site: Kudriavtseva . Natalia . 25 May 2022 . Fierce Resistance in Kherson Disrupts the Russian "Liberation" Scenario . Wilson Centre . en.
  128. Web site: Rodin . Ivan . 21 March 2022 . Пока политический план по Украине не заработал / Политика / Независимая газета . Nezavisimaya Gazeta.
  129. Web site: Brennan . David . 21 April 2022 . As Soviet victory flag raised over Kherson, resistance hunts collaborators . Newsweek . en.
  130. News: Jeffrey . Gettleman . The New York Times . December 25, 2022 . How Citizen Spies Foiled Putin's Grand Plan for One Ukrainian City . 25 December 2022.
  131. Web site: Notorious pro-Russian blogger Kuleshov was killed in Kherson . Odessa Journal. 21 April 2022.
  132. Web site: На Херсонщині вбили високопоставленого колаборанта Віталія Гуру . 2022-08-06 . Слово і Діло . uk.
  133. Web site: Demchenko . Natalia . 12 September 2022 . Смерть замглавы администрации Новой Каховки оказалась инсценировкой . 2023-04-01 . РБК . ru.
  134. News: В Росії офіційно підтвердили смерть нардепа зрадника Ковальова. . 29 August 2022 . 29 August 2022. uk.
  135. News: Ukrainian collaborator killed in Kherson Oblast. . 29 August 2022 . 29 August 2022. English.
    News: На Херсонщині вбили нардепа-зрадника Ковальова – джерело . . 29 August 2022 . 29 August 2022. uk.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.