Rossiya Bank Explained

Bank Rossiya
Type:Public company joint stock company
Key People:Kirill Krivoschekov, CEO
Yury Kovalchuk, Board chairman
Industry:Financial services
Products:Financial services
Location:Saint Petersburg, Russia
Homepage:www.abr.ru
Rating:A+ (ACRA) (2017)[1]

The Rossiya Bank (Bank Rossiya (Russian: Банк «Росси́я»), in Russian: Акционерный коммерческий банк Россия, АКБ Россия) is a Russian joint stock bank founded on June 27, 1990. The company's headquarters are in Saint Petersburg.

The bank has been associated with the Vladimir Putin regime in Russia. The Pandora Papers leak revealed that the bank built a network of shadow companies that kept offshore wealth for Russian elites.[2]

History

Communist Party ownership and 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt

On August 23, 1990, a secret memorandum from Vladimir A. Ivashko, who was Gorbachev's deputy general secretary, was issued to organize the transfer of CPSU funds, CPSU financing and support of its operations through associations, ventures, foundations, etc. which are to act as invisible economics.[3] [4] Bank Rossiya was one of the hundreds of entreprises that CPSU financiers used to funnel the party gold away.[5]

In 1990, the CPSU committee of the Leningrad Oblast became Rossiya Bank largest shareholder (48.4%),[6] [7] but after the coup attempt in August 1991 the bank's activity was frozen on 2 September 1991 as it was CPSU-related.[5] [8] It was the first commercial bank to hold accounts for the foreign economic operations of both the regional committee of the CPSU and the local management of the KGB.

In December 1991 its activity was resumed, as the shares had been redeemed on 29 December 1991 by some member ventures of the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures, shares of which were held by Vladimir Yakunin, Yuriy Kovalchuk, Mikhail Markov, Viktor Myachin, Andrei Fursenko, Sergey Fursenko, Yury Nikolayev.[8]

JV Neva Chance

The Austrian Russian joint venture JV Neva Chance received funds from the Revival of St. Petersburg Foundation (Russian: фонд «Возрождение Петербурга»), which was co-founded by Anatoly Sobchak and its CEO Alexander Margolis (Russian: Александр Марголис).[9] [10] A Los Angeles branch of the St. Petersburg Foundation was established by Mark Davidovich Lvovich (Russian: Марк Давидович Львович; b. Soviet Union), also known as Mark Neumann (Russian: Марк Нейман), who founded and headed the California firm Trada that received several hundred thousand dollars of "funds of UNI-REM" (Russian: "УНИ-РЭМ") which Sergei Bagaev (Russian: Сергей Багаев), a colleague of Anatoly Sobchak at Leningrad University, headed. Leon Weinstein (Russian: Леон Вайнштейн), an assistant to Neuman at the Los Angeles branch, and his wife Gulnara Afanasyeva (Russian: Гульнара Афанасьева) were active with the St. Petersburg Foundation when it sponsored Sobchak's visit to Los Angeles.

JV Neva Chance established thirty companies including JV Casino Neva.[9]

Putin's capital support from Leningrad casinos

Beginning in 1991, Vladimir Putin was St Petersburg's chairman of the supervisory board for casinos and gambling (Russian: Председатель наблюдательного совета по казино и азартным играм) and, in 1993, began issuing gambling licenses in which shares were gained by the city of St Petersburg in the company Neva Chance (Russian: «Нева-Шанс») which owned the first St Petersburg casino AOZT Casino (Russian: АОЗТ «Казино») because it had the same address and phone numbers as city hall, but later it became JV Casino Neva (Russian: СП «Казино Нева») and opened on 19 August 1991.[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] In 1992 or 1993 it changed its name to Laguna, then in 1997 to Admiral Club or more simply known as Admiral.[14] According to the Yakuza Kinichi Kamiyasu[16] who supplied slot machines with cash prizes to St Petersburg casinos in the 1990s from his Stockholm, Sweden, company Dyna Computer Service AB which was a subsidiary of the Masimichi Iida (Japanese: 飯田正道) (Russian: брата шефа Киничи из Осака Ииды Мисамичи the brother of Chef Kinichi from Osaka, Iida Misamichi) owned Osaka firm, Dyna Company Ltd.,[17] the criminals Gennady Petrov (Russian: Геннадий Петров),[18] Alexander Malyshev (Russian: Александр Малышев),[19] and Sergey Kuzmin (Russian: Сергей Кузьмин) operated the casino through a Vladimir Putin issued license in order to establish JV Petrodin (Russian: СП «Петродин») in 1991.[14] JV Petrodin, which Kamiyasu owned a 35% stake and Gennady Petrov and Sergey Kuzmin owned a 65% stake through their company BXM (Russian: «БХМ»), used the money from the casinos to provide capital for Bank Rossiya.[14] [15] [20] [21]

Capital outflows from the Soviet Union and Russia

In March 1992, the Yeltsin government contracted Kroll Associates to track down and find very large sums of money that had been removed from the Soviet Union prior to the August 1991 putsch on the Russian White House.[22] In 1992, First Deputy Prime Minister Yegor Timurovich Gaidar said, "Last year saw large-scale privatization by the nomenklatura, privatization by officials for their own personal benefit."[23] Gaidar called the Communists and KGB officials criminals and that a "a vigorous search" for the money trails from state-owned capital had flowed abroad virtually unchecked before the collapse of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1991.[22] On March 15, 1992, the Russian government froze all capital outflows from Russia.[22] On April 4, 1992, Yeltsin issued “The fight against corruption in the public service” decree to provide for maximum transparency of officials and their institutions by providing a listing of their financial obligations, liabilities, securities, income, bank deposits, real estate holdings and their personal property and to prohibit officials from owning businesses.[24] In April 1992, Kroll Associates began their investigations with Joseph Serio heading the Kroll Associates efforts in Moscow. Also, Joseph Rosetti, the vice chairman of Kroll Associates, was in Moscow to assist.[22] The Kroll Associates determined that more than $14 billion in 1991 real dollars had been transferred from Switzerland to New York prior to the August 1991 putsch.[23] Also, the Communist Party of the former Soviet Union along with other government agencies, such as the KGB, had transferred more than $40 billion in 2014 real dollars out of the country. The assests of the Vnesheconombank were frozen during the investigation.[23] However, numerous transactions occurred to bypass the capital flow restrictions often with the British Barclays Bank in Cyprus acting a money laundering center for public officials from Saint Petersburg and Moscow.[23] According to Valery Makharadze, the government's chief inspector, many joint stock companies were formed to provide an illegal means for capital outflows from Russia, such as the Leningrad Association of Joint Ventures and KOLO.[23] Numerous officials became wealthy Russian oligarchs including numerous former KGB officials, prominent Communists such as Oleg Belyakov and other former Communists who headed the party Central Committee department that dealt with the defense industry, as well as Leonid Kravchenko, who was the former head of the state television and radio company.[23] Jules Kroll, the head of the Kroll Associates, uncovered hundreds of illicit transactions with massive capital outflows.[25] This outflow of capital from the Soviet Union and Russia directly contributed to severe economic conditions in Russia during Boris Yeltsin's second term, leading to its collapse, and resulting in the age of Vladimir Putin as the President of Russia.

Organized crime links

From 1998 to 2000 OCG Organized Crime Gang Tambov Gang leaders Gennady Petrov and Sergei Kuzmin each owned 2.2% of bank shares, and they were represented at meetings by Andrei Shumkov, who sat on the Bank's board of directors from 1998 to 2000 (as the Vedomosti business newspaper reported). In 1998 and 1999, 14.2% of Rossia's stock belonged to the St Petersburg firms Ergen, Forward Ltd and Fuel Investment Company (TIK), all associated with Mr Shumkov. Mr Shumkov and Mr Kuzmin owned Ergen, while BKhM and Finance Petroleum Company, both affiliated with Mr Kuzmin and Mr Petrov, were TIK co-owners.[26]

Putin as president of Russia

As of January 1, 2005, its major shareholders were Yuriy Kovalchuk with 37.6%, Nikolai Shamalov with 9.7%, Dmitry Gorelov with 9.7% and Alexei Mordashov's Severstal group with 8.8%.[6] [7] [8] As of 2006, its major shareholders were Yuriy Kovalchuk (30.4%), Dmitry Gorelov (12.58%), Nikolay Shamalov (12.58%), JSC Transoil CIS (9.54%), JSC Severstal Group (7.15%), JSC Accept (3.93%) – owned by grandson of Vladimir Putin's uncle Michael Shelomov,[27] JSC Relax (3.65%), "Assistance to Business Initiatives" Non-Commercial Enterprise (3.08%), Russian Federal Property Fund (2.93%).[28]

On December 28, 2006, Fitch Ratings assigned the bank negative ratings (Long Term issuer Default rating B−, Short Term rating B, National Long Term rating BB− (RUS)[29]). As a subsidiary of the bank, ABRos Investment Company, had signed a non-transparent deal aiming to buy a considerable share of the Ren TV Media Holding (see below).[30] During the 2012–13 financial crisis in Cyprus, more than one third (26.3 billion rubles) of Rossiya Bank's total cash (85.4 billion rubles) was frozen in Cypriot accounts.[31] On June 28, 2013, its major shareholders were Yuri Kovalchuk 30%, Dmitri Gorelov and Nikolai Shamalov 10.5% each, Gennady Timchenko 8%, Gazprom about 16%, Alexei Mordashov 6%. In October 2021, Svetlana Krivonogikh had a 3% stake in Rossiya Bank.[32]

The U.S. government has characterized Rossiya Bank as Putin’s personal cashbox.

Pandora Papers

The Pandora Papers leak revealed that Rossiya Bank built a network of shadow companies that kept offshore wealth for Russian elites.

Sanctions

On March 20, 2014, the United States Government Office of Foreign Assets Control added Rossiya Bank to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) as part of sanctions taken in response to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, placing restrictions on US trade with the bank.[33] [34] [35] [36] Visa and Mastercard stopped processing the bank's payment as a result.

In response Vladimir Putin announced that he would open a ruble-only account with Bank Rossiya and would make it the primary bank in the newly annexed Crimea as well as giving the right to service payments on Russia's $36 billion wholesale electricity market – which gave the bank $112 million annually from commission charges alone.[37] Bank Rossiya also announced plans to expand into the Crimean market, becoming the first major Russian bank to do so.[38]

As of January 2019, Rossiya Bank has become the most important investor in Russia's development of its annexation of Crimea during the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.[39]

On February 22, 2022, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced sanctions against five banks, including Rossiya Bank.[40] Additional sanctions prohibiting correspondent banking relationships were imposed in December 2023.[41]

Assets worth – historical data

DateAsset worthRank in banks ranking
April 1, 2005 12.2 billion rubles68 in Russia
October 1, 200630.2 billion rubles44 in Russia
April 1, 2010105.9 billion rubles37 in Russia
April 1, 2015508 billion rubles[42] 17 in Russia
October 1, 20201.072 trillion rubles14 in Russia

Ratings

Management

The head of its board of directors were, in order, Vladimir Kolovay and Andrei Katkov. The current head of the board of directors is Yury Kovalchuk, who has held this position since 2004.[45] [46] [47] [48]

Director General and Head of the Management Committee:

On September 24, 2004, Viktor Myachin resigned from the Director General position and Mikhail Klishin, who had been the First Deputy Director General and held a 0.197% share, was appointed acting Director General.[49]

On December 10, 2004, Mikhail Klishin was appointed Director General, as the Central Bank of the Russian Federation had agreed to this decision.[50]

On April 3, 2006, the board of directors appointed Dmitry Lebedev Director General and Head of the Management Committee. Mikhail Klishin (holder of a 0.159% share) was appointed First Deputy Director General. The Management Committee appointed on that day: Dmitry Lebedev, Oleg Anufriev, Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Galina Lebedeva, Alexander Markin, Oleg Filatov.[51]

On December 26, 2006, the board of directors of the Bank elected its new Management Committee consisting of Dmitry Lebedev (Head, Director General), Alexander Germanov, Konstantin Gorbachyov, Faniya Kabalina, Mikhail Klishin, Alexander Markin and Boris Tikhonenko.[52]

Subsidiaries

As of 2005, the bank is a shareholder of the following companies[53] [54]):

In January 2005 it turned out that ABRos, a subsidiary of the bank, and Accept, one of its shareholders, held a 49.97% share and a 13.5% share of the insurance group SOGAZ Ltd., respectively[57] [58] after a 49.979% share of the SOGAZ group had been sold by the Russian gas giant Gazprom to an unnamed purchaser for 1.69 billion rubles on July 26, 2004,[59] and in August 2004 Gazprom had sold 26% more of SOGAZ for 879.3 million rubles.[60] [61]

In November 2005 ABRos Investment Company (chairman of the board of Directors since September 11, 2006: Lyubov Sovershaeva)[62] purchased a 37% share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company.[63] [64] Also it owns a considerable share of the Media Holding Ren TV (as of December 2006,[65]) On December 18, 2006 Lyubov Sovershaeva also became the chairman of the board of Directors of the Ren TV Media Holding (replacing Alexey Germanovich, a Severstal Group representative).

As of 2008 and later in 2016, Rossiya Bank has large investments in National Media Group (Russian: Национальная Медиа Группа (НМГ)) both directly and indirectly through its 100% ownership of Abros which has a stake in National Media Group.[5] [66] [67]

In August 2010, Sobinbank, an asset of Gazenergobank that had been formed by Alexander Mamut, was acquired by Rossiya Bank when it took over Gazenergobank.[68]

In the summer of 2012, ABR Management was established to manage Rossiya Bank's assets.[68]

In 2016, Rossiya Bank's subsidiaries included Channel One, Channel 5, and Ren TV of the National Media Group CJSC, the leasing group Zest, and Sogaz OJSC.[68] [69]

In 2018, Rossiya Bank, Yuri Kovalchuk and Nikolai Shamalov through their investments in the National Media Group and its 100% ownership of Synerdzhy LLC (Russian: ООО "Синерджи") and Otkrytie TV LLC (Russian: OOO Открытие ТВ) which is 100% owned by Media allians LLC (Russian: OOO Медиа Альянс) in which Rossiya Bank has an 80% stake, have close relationships with the John C. Malone associated Liberty Media.[67]

Beginning on January 20, 2020, the processing center of JSC AB Russia (Russian: АО «АБ «РОССИЯ») provides processing services for the issue of bank payment cards and support for acquiring projects of Evrofinance Mosnarbank.[70]

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: BANK "ROSSIYA". ACRA. 28 August 2017.
  2. Web site: 2016-04-03 . All Putin's Men: Secret Records Reveal Money Network Tied to Russian Leader - ICIJ . 2022-02-27 . en-US.
  3. News: Dobbs . Michael . Coll . Steve . Michael Dobbs (journalist) . Steve Coll . Ex-Communists are scrambling for quick cash . . 1 February 1993 . 23 November 2020.
  4. Web site: Palmer . Richard L. . Statement of Richard L. Palmer, president of Cachet International, Inc. on the Infiltration of the Western Financial System by Elements of Russian Organized Crime before the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services . House Committee on Banking and Financial Services . September 21, 1999 . December 7, 2020 . July 29, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190729221747/https://archives-financialservices.house.gov/banking/92199pal.shtml.
  5. Web site: Юрий Ковальчук. Старший по «России». Ни в одной западноевропейской стране человек не может заработать миллиарды долларов за 5–6 лет, сказал президент Путин в конце 2003 года в ответ на вопрос об аресте Михаила Ходорковского. Юрий Ковальчук тогда еще не был миллиардером. Это оказалось нетрудно исправить | ForbesRussia. November 11, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091111043331/https://www.forbesrussia.ru/forbes/issue/2008-08/7645-yurii-kovalchuk-starshii-po-%C2%ABrossii%C2%BB . November 11, 2009 .
  6. http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005/03/01/88331 Anna Shcherbakova. Interview with Mikhail Klishin, Director General of the Russia Bank.
  7. News: Не все определяется высокими процентными ставками. Интервью: Михаил Клишин, гендиректор банка "Россия" . Not everything is determined by high interest rates. Interview: Mikhail Klishin, CEO of Rossiya Bank . . Компромат.Ru (Compromat.Ru) .
    1. 35(1316)
    . Щербакова . Анна . 1 March 2005 . 28 January 2020 . 23 March 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070323032941/http://compromat.ru/main/putin/bankrossia.htm . ru.
  8. http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html The Origin of Putin's Oligarchy
  9. Web site: Навар на спасении // Куда ушли средства, поступившие на счета Международного благотворительного фонда "Спасения Санкт-Петербурга" - Компромат.Ру / Compromat.Ru. www.compromat.ru.
  10. Web site: Смерть ненужного человека. https://archive.today/20111009184442/https://versia-na-neve.livejournal.com/129173.html. 2011-10-09. dead. versia-na-neve.livejournal.com.
  11. Web site: Пригожин Евгений Викторович . Prigozhin Evgeny Viktorovich . Zampolit . 8 January 2020 . ru.
  12. News: Расследования. Кто такой Пригожин: Игорный бизнес, питерская дружба, ресторан в Доме правительства . Investigations. Who is Prigogine: Gambling, Petersburg friendship, restaurant in the Government House . . 1 September 2011 . 14 January 2020 . 30 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090345/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/09/01/45715-kto-takoy-prigozhin . ru.
  13. News: Рецепт успеха личного повара Путина. Почему ресторатору Евгению Пригожину разрешили кормить нас блюдами, которые не портятся 21 день* . Plots. The recipe for success for Putin’s personal chef: Why restaurateur Evgeny Prigozhin was allowed to feed us dishes that do not spoil for 21 days* . . Петлянова . Нина . 14 October 2011 . 14 January 2020 . 15 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060410/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2011/10/14/46298-retsept-uspeha-lichnogo-povara-putina . ru.
  14. News: Сюжеты. Кому Нева дала шанс: Игорный бизнес в Санкт-Петербурге начинали российские ОПГ и японские якудза. Под контролем мэрии. Уникальное свидетельство непосредственного участника событий . Plots. To whom Neva gave a chance: Gambling business in St. Petersburg was started by Russian organized crime groups and Japanese yakuza. Under the control of the city hall. Unique evidence of a direct participant in the events . . Иванидзе . Владимир . 8 February 2012 . 14 January 2020 . 8 April 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180408220516/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2012/02/08/48148-komu-neva-dala-shans . ru.
  15. News: Путин глазами якудзы. Японский мафиози рассказал о своем бизнесе в Петербурге . Putin through the eyes of the Yakuza. Japanese mafiosi spoke about his business in St. Petersburg . . Кириленко . Анастасия . 21 April 2016 . 14 January 2020 . 23 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160423211538/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/22764 . ru.
  16. News: Почетные гости Александра Малышева – Якудза . Honored guests of Alexander Malyshev - Yakuza . mzk1.ru . Артемов . Денис . 28 July 2016 . 16 January 2020 . ru.
  17. Web site: 株式会社ダイナ . Dyna Corporation . baseconnect.in . . 16 January 2020 . ja.
  18. Web site: Геннадий Петров Лидер малышевской ОПГ . Gennady Petrov Leader of the Malyshevskaya organized crime group . rusmafiozi . 13 March 2011 . 16 January 2020 . ru.
  19. Web site: Александр Малышев Лидер малышевской ОПГ . Alexander Malyshev Leader of the Malyshevskaya organized crime group . rusmafiozi . 13 March 2011 . 16 January 2020 . ru.
  20. News: Мафия на госзаказе. Как новые кремлевские олигархи связаны с преступным миром . Mafia at the state order. How are the new Kremlin oligarchs connected with the underworld . . Кириленко . Анастасия . 2 July 2015 . 14 January 2020 . 3 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150703111342/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/10407 . ru.
  21. News: Крыша российской элиты . The roof of the Russian elite . . 23 June 2008 . 14 January 2020 . 27 June 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080627025404/https://www.fontanka.ru/2008/06/20/122/ . ru.
  22. News: Bohlen . Celestine . U.S. Company to Help Russia Track Billions . The New York Times . March 3, 1992 . April 30, 2018.
  23. News: Sneider . Daniel . Russia Goes After 'Party Gold': Money Communist officials allegedly shifted out of the country is called crucial to reform. Christian Science Monitor . March 4, 1992 . April 30, 2018.
  24. News: Kalinina . Alexandra . Corruption in Russia as a Business . Institute of Modern Russia . January 29, 2013 . December 7, 2020 . July 28, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728220115/https://imrussia.org/en/nation/376-corruption-in-russia-as-a-business.
  25. Tikhomirov . Vladimir . Capital Flight from Post-Soviet Russia . Europe-Asia Studies . 49 . 4 . 592 . 1997. 10.1080/09668139708412462 .
  26. http://www.premier.gov.ru/eng/premier/press/ru/3221/ Rossia & Company
  27. Web site: From the New Times: Putin and His 'Family' – Gazprom : The Other Russia. 2015-05-21.
  28. https://archive.today/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.spb.ru/company/3022/0/ The Russia Bank
  29. http://www.fitchratings.com/corporate/ratings/issuer_content.cfm?issr_id=84358669 Fitch ratings
  30. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=3792 Fitch put ratings of the Russia bank in its Rating Watch list with a negative mark
  31. News: У петербургского банка "Россия" в кризис на Кипре завис миллиард долларов: По оценке независимых экспертов, на кипрском депозите в период заморозки находилась треть денежных средств организации. . ru . The St. Petersburg Bank "Russia" in the crisis in Cyprus, a billion dollars: According to independent experts, a third of the organization's money was frozen in the Cyprus accounts. . Neva.Today . June 28, 2013 . May 12, 2018.
  32. News: 3 October 2021 . Окружение президента . ru . President's Entourage . . 5 October 2021.
  33. Web site: OFAC Recent Actions. U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  34. Web site: Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List (SDN) Human Readable Lists. U.S. Department of the Treasury.
  35. News: Treasury Sanctions Russian Officials, Members of the Russian Leadership's Inner Circle, And An Entity For Involvement in the Situation in Ukraine . United States Treasury Department . March 20, 2014 . 2014-03-20.
  36. Web site: Shuklin . Peter . Putin's inner circle: who got in a new list of US sanctions . liga.net . March 21, 2014 . February 20, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152258/http://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm . February 7, 2015 . mdy-all .
  37. News: Sanctioned Bank Rossiya to Service $36Bln Domestic Electricity Market. Hobson. Peter. April 14, 2014.
  38. News: Sanctioned Bank Rossiya Becomes First Major Russian Bank to Expand in Crimea. 28 August 2017. The Moscow Times.
  39. News: Васильев . Андрей . После Ротенберга хоть камни с неба. Как Крым стал прибыльным бизнесом для друзей Путина . After Rotenberg, even stones from the sky. How Crimea became a profitable business for Putin's friends . ru . . 25 January 2019 . 20 November 2020 . 29 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190129180253/https://theins.ru/korrupciya/137605.
  40. News: Ukraine invaded: Casualties as fighting rages after Russian attack. BBC News.
  41. Web site: Financial Sanctions Notice 15/12/2023 . 15 December 2023.
  42. Web site: Rossiya bank Банки.ру. www.banki.ru. 2015-05-21.
  43. Web site: АО "АБ "РОССИЯ". RU. raexpert.ru.
  44. https://www.vbr.ru/banki/rossia/press/bank--rossiya--vosel-v-top10-krypneisih-bankov-po-symme-vkladov-fizlic/ Банк «РОССИЯ» вошел в топ-10 крупнейших банков по сумме вкладов физлиц
  45. News: Помощники "России" Как ученому Юрию Ковальчуку удалось превратить мелкий обкомовский банк в бизнес-империю? Он никогда не использовал своих денег, а находил нужных инвесторов, объясняет один из его бывших партнеров . Assistants of "Russia" How did the scientist Yuri Kovalchuk manage to turn a small Obkomov bank into a business empire? He never used his money, but found the right investors, one of his former partners explains. . . 136 (2158) . Резник . Ирина . Петрова . Ольга . 24 July 2008 . 28 January 2020 . 10 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160910053034/https://www.vedomosti.ru/library/articles/2008/07/24/pomoschniki-rossii . ru.
  46. News: Как устроен бизнес Юрий Ковальчук . How arranges business Yuri Kovalchuk . ru . . 24 July 2008 . 22 June 2021 . 24 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080724000000/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic1. Alt URL
  47. News: Лица "России" . Faces Rossiya Bank . ru . . 24 July 2008 . 22 June 2021 . 24 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080724000000/https://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/showpicture.shtml?2008/07/24/156079_a_pic2. Alt URL
  48. Web site: Вся подноготная бизнес-империи Юрия Ковальчука. All the ins and outs of the business empire of Yuri Kovalchuk. "Ведомости". rospres.ru. 24 July 2008. 8 October 2020. 20 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191120220954/https://www.rospres.com/government/2240/.
  49. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=1468 Viktor Myachin resigned from the position of the Director General of the Russia Bank
  50. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=1730 Mikhail Klishin became the Director General of the Russia Bank
  51. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=2854 Dmitry Lebedev appointed Director general of the Russia Bank
  52. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=3800 The Board of Directors of the Russia Bank confirmed the appointment of its Management
  53. Web site: Shleinov . Roman . Russian Businessmen Arrested in Spain on Charges of Operation a Criminal Organization Have Connections with Russian Government Officials, Politicians, Heads of State-owned Companies and Friends of Vladimir Putin . Russian Federation Office of the Prime Minister (Novaya Gazeta press release "Rossia & Company") . 2011 . February 19, 2016.
  54. Web site: Россия. Банк. https://archive.today/20080515233652/http://www.stockmap.ru/company/3022/0/. 2008-05-15. dead. RU. stockmap.ru.
  55. Web site:

    20% 35% ::

    . stockmap.ru.
  56. Web site: Антикомпромат.Ру. Олигархи. Происхождение путинской олигархии. June 21, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060621073656/http://www.anticompromat.ru/oligarhi/ppo.html . June 21, 2006 .
  57. http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2005/01/21/85958 SOGAZ sold to St. Pete
  58. Web site: Эмитент АО "АБ "РОССИЯ" (7831000122) Новости | RusBonds. rusbonds.ru.
  59. Web site: Эмитент АО "СОГАЗ" (7736035485) Новости | RusBonds. rusbonds.ru.
  60. http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2004/08/13/79597 Who sold SOGAZ?
  61. Web site: Эмитент АО АКБ "ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК" (7703115760) Новости | RusBonds. rusbonds.ru. November 18, 2023.
  62. http://www.bankir.ru/news/newsline/12.09.2006/61399 The Russia bank found a top-manager in the state service
  63. http://www.finnews.ru/cur_new.php?idnws=2517 The Russia Bank buys a considerable share of the Petersburg TV and Radio Company
  64. http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.html?DocID=644830&IssueId=30004 Yesterday
  65. Web site: Друг президента стал акционером "Рен ТВ". lenta.ru.
  66. Web site: Банк "Россия". November 18, 2023.
  67. Web site: Структура Активов Миллиардера . . 12 November 2016 . 3 July 2021 . 13 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190413215637/http://www.dp.ru/images/article/2016/10/12/f54abb1b-a2c1-437c-a0c8-c726cc72f405.jpg.
  68. News: Rossiya bank . Банки.ру . 6 March 2016 . 12 December 2020.
  69. https://web.archive.org/web/20160618073127/http://stockmap.ru/company/3022/0/ Россия. Банк
  70. News: АО АКБ «ЕВРОФИНАНС МОСНАРБАНК» перевёл банковские карты на новый процессинг . JSC JSCB "EVROFINANCE MOSNARBANK" transferred bank cards to a new processing . ru . Evrofinance Mosnarbank (www.evrofinance.ru) . 20 January 2020 . 5 July 2023 . 5 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230705233222/https://www.evrofinance.ru/o-banke/novosti/ao-akb-evrofinans-mosnarbank-perevyel-bankovskie-karty-na-novyy-protsessing/.

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