| Birth Date: | 20 February 1950 |
| Birth Place: | Makhachkala, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Death Date: | 27 November 2009 (aged 59) |
| Death Place: | Makhachkala, Russia |
| Height: | 174 cm |
| Sport: | Freestyle wrestling |
| Club: | Urozhai Mashachkala |
| Coach: | Sultan Musayev, Ali Aliyev |
| Show-Medals: | yes |
Ruslan Nuraliyevich Ashuraliyev (Russian: Руслан Нуралиевич Ашуралиев, 20 February 1950 – 27 November 2009) was a Russian freestyle wrestler who won world titles in 1974 and 1975 and placed second in 1973. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics and finished third and fourth, respectively.
Ashuraliyev took up wrestling in 1965 and later won five Soviet titles, in 1971, 1973–74 and 1976–77. After retiring from competitions he worked as a wrestling coach, and also served two terms in the parliament of Dagestan. From 2000 until his death in 2009, he headed the Dagestan Polytechnic Institute in Makhachkala.