Rupirana is a genus of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae.[1] It is monotypic, being represented by the singles species Rupirana cardosoi.[2] The specific name cardosoi honors Adão José Cardoso, a Brazilian herpetologist. It is endemic to northern Espinhaço Mountains, Bahia, Brazil.[1] Its natural habitats are banks of small streams in high-altitude (about 1200m (3,900feet) asl) grassy vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss. Part of the range is within the Chapada Diamantina National Park.